长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13022

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1437-1450.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13022

所属专题：玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征

王丹¹^,²(), 周宝元¹, 马玮¹, 葛均筑³, 丁在松¹, 李从锋¹, 赵明¹^,^*()

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京100081
²通辽市农业科学研究院玉米研究所, 内蒙古通辽028042
³天津农学院农学与资源环境学院, 天津 300384

收稿日期:2021-03-15 接受日期:2021-10-19 出版日期:2022-06-12 网络出版日期:2021-11-20
通讯作者: 赵明
作者简介:E-mail: wangdansyau@126.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-12);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300207)

Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River

WANG Dan¹^,²(), ZHOU Bao-Yuan¹, MA Wei¹, GE Jun-Zhu³, DING Zai-Song¹, LI Cong-Feng¹, ZHAO Ming¹^,^*()

¹Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
²Institute of Maize Science, Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China
³College of Agronomy &Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China

Received:2021-03-15 Accepted:2021-10-19 Published:2022-06-12 Published online:2021-11-20
Contact: ZHAO Ming
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-12);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300207)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明长江中游双季玉米不同类型品种搭配模式的周年产量及气候资源分配与利用特征, 可为该地区双季玉米种植模式应用和发展提供理论依据。本研究于2015—2017年在湖北武穴开展定位试验, 定量研究了双季玉米不同品种搭配模式的周年产量、生物量及光温水资源分配与利用效率。结果表明, 不同品种搭配模式[低积温品种-高积温品种(the low GDD variety-high GDD variety, LH)、中积温品种-中积温品种(the medium GDD variety-medium GDD variety, MM)、中积温品种-高积温品种(the medium GDD variety-high GDD variety, MH)和高积温品种-中积温品种(the high GDD variety-medium GDD variety, HM)], 两季间光温资源分配差异较大, HM搭配模式第一季和周年积温和辐射分配量显著高于MM、MH和LH搭配模式, 而第二季积温和辐射分配量显著低于其他模式; HM模式第一季积温和辐射分配率分别为49%和52%, 第二季积温和辐射分配率分别为46%和44%, 两季积温和辐射比值分别为1.1和1.2。4种搭配模式季节间及周年降水量无显著差异。不同品种搭配模式季节间光温资源分配差异导致产量和生物量变化较大, 由于HM搭配模式两季光温分配与玉米生长需求匹配度较高, 其周年产量、干物质积累量均显著高于MM、MH和LH, 3年平均增幅分别为8.4%~24.5%和9.7%~29.6%; HM周年光温生产效率、籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率均显著高于MM、MH和LH, 其中周年积温生产效率平均增幅2.9%~14.3%, 周年辐射生产效率平均增幅5.5%~18.4%, 籽粒及总生物量光能利用效率分别提高0.05%~0.16%和0.16%~0.39%。通过产量和资源利用效率分析, HM搭配模式可作为长江中游地区双季玉米高产高效种植最佳的品种搭配方式, 为该地区双季玉米种植模式的大面积应用推广及种植结构优化调整提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 双季玉米, 品种搭配, 资源分配, 产量, 资源利用效率

Abstract:

Clarifying the characteristics of annual yield, distribution, and utilization of climatic resources, and establishing rational quantitative indexes of annual climatic resource distribution are helpful to provide theoretical basis for establishing the double maize cropping system. In this study, to analyze the annual grain yield, biomass, and distribution and utilization efficiency of climate resource of double maize cropping system with different variety collocation, the experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017 at Wuxue, Hubei province. The distribution and utilization of climatic resource of different variety collocation was different. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate of HM in the first season and annual were significantly higher than the other variety collocation, but on the contrary in the second season. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the first season of HM was 49% and 52%, respectively. The accumulative temperature and radiation distribution rate for the second season of HM was 46% and 44%. The accumulative ratio of temperature and radiation between two seasons of HM was 1.1 and 1.2. The precipitation distribution rate of two seasons and annual among the four variety collocations were no significantly different. The difference of the accumulative temperature and radiation among different variety collocations resulted in the changes of grain yield and biomass. Because of a high matching degree between the distribution of climatic resource and the growth demand of maize in HM. The annual grain yield and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 8.4%-24.5% and 9.7%-29.6%, respectively. The annual accumulative temperature and radiation, radiation use efficiency of grain, and total biomass of HM were significantly higher than those of the MM, MH, and LH, with an average increase of 2.9%-14.3% in the annual accumulative temperature production efficiency, 5.5%-18.4% in the annual radiation production efficiency, 0.05%-0.16% and 0.16%-0.39% increase in the radiation use efficiency of grain and total biomass, respectively. Considering both yield and resource use efficiency, HM can be used as the best variety collocation for high yield and high efficiency of double maize system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Furthermore, this is helpful to extend double maize cropping system, optimize the layout of planting patterns, provide theoretical basis and important support the sustainable development of agricultural production.

Key words: double maize cropping system, variety collocation, resource distribution, yield, resource use efficiency

王丹, 周宝元, 马玮, 葛均筑, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.

WANG Dan, ZHOU Bao-Yuan, MA Wei, GE Jun-Zhu, DING Zai-Song, LI Cong-Feng, ZHAO Ming. Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(6): 1437-1450.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13022

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2022/V48/I6/1437

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搭配模式 Combination	品种及有效积温 Variety and GDD				播期 Sowing date (month/day)		成熟期 Maturity date (month/day)
搭配模式 Combination	第一季 First season		第二季 Second season		第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season
低+高LH	兴垦6 Xingken 6	1299℃	浚单22 Xundan 22	1479℃	3/8	7/7	7/7	11/3
低+高LH	德美亚2号Demeiya 2	1282℃	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	1479℃	3/8	7/7	7/7	11/3
中+中MM	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	1434℃	吉祥1 Jixiang 1	1441℃	3/8	7/16	7/16	11/4
中+中MM	吉单27 Jidan 27	1365℃	联创3 Lianchuang 3	1437℃	3/8	7/16	7/16	11/4
中+高MH	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	1434℃	浚单22 Xundan 22	1479℃	3/8	7/16	7/16	11/9
中+高MH	吉单27 Jidan 27	1365℃	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	1479℃	3/8	7/16	7/16	11/9
高+中HM	荃玉9号Quanyu 9	1515℃	吉祥1 Jixiang 1	1441℃	3/8	7/23	7/23	11/1
高+中HM	仲玉3号Zhongyu 3	1520℃	联创3 Lianchuang 3	1437℃	3/8	7/23	7/23	11/1

年份 Year	组合 Combination	第一季First season		第二季Second season		周年Annual
年份 Year	组合 Combination	积温量 AT (℃)	分配率 TDR (%)	积温量 AT (℃)	分配率 TDR (%)	积温量 AT (℃)	两季比 TR
2015	LH	2358	43	2626	47	4984	0.9
	MM	2536	46	2604	47	5140	1.0
	MH	2536	46	2690	49	5227	0.9
	HM	2676	48	2635	48	5311	1.0
2016	LH	2329	42	2652	47	4981	0.9
	MM	2575	46	2631	47	5206	1.0
	MH	2575	46	2666	48	5242	1.0
	HM	2770	49	2533	45	5302	1.1
2017	LH	2301	41	3005	54	5306	0.8
	MM	2575	46	2644	48	5219	1.0
	MH	2575	46	2702	49	5277	1.0
	HM	2815	51	2545	46	5360	1.1
平均值 Mean	LH	2329 c	42 c	2761 a	50 a	5090 c	0.8 c
	MM	2562 b	46 b	2626 bc	47 bc	5189 b	1.0 b
	MH	2562 b	46 b	2686 b	48 b	5248 b	1.0 b
	HM	2753 a	49 a	2571 c	46 c	5324 a	1.1 a

年份 Year	组合 Combination	第一季First season		第二季Second season		周年Annual
年份 Year	组合 Combination	辐射量 R_a (MJ m^-2)	分配率 RDR (%)	辐射量 R_a (MJ m^-2)	分配率 RDR (%)	辐射量 R_a (MJ m^-2)	两季比 RR
2015	LH	1438	43	1652	49	3090	0.9
	MM	1529	46	1624	48	3153	0.9
	MH	1529	46	1645	49	3174	0.9
	HM	1597	48	1613	48	3211	1.0
2016	LH	1488	43	1709	50	3198	0.9
	MM	1649	48	1622	47	3271	1.0
	MH	1649	48	1630	47	3279	1.0
	HM	1779	52	1537	45	3316	1.2
2017	LH	1650	46	1709	48	3359	1.0
	MM	1795	50	1549	43	3344	1.2
	MH	1795	50	1598	45	3394	1.1
	HM	1998	56	1451	41	3449	1.4
平均值 Mean	LH	1525 c	44 c	1690 a	49 a	3215 b	0.9 c
	MM	1658 b	48 b	1598 b	48 b	3256 b	1.0 b
	MH	1658 b	48 b	1625 b	46 b	3282 ab	1.0 b
	HM	1792 a	52 a	1534 c	44 c	3325 a	1.2 a

年份 Year	组合 Combination	第一季First season		第二季Second season		周年Annual
年份 Year	组合 Combination	降雨量 P_r (mm)	分配率 PDR (%)	降雨量 P_r (mm)	分配率 PDR (%)	降雨量 P_r (mm)	两季比 PR
2015	LH	455	62	166	22	621	2.7
	MM	460	62	182	25	642	2.5
	MH	460	62	234	32	695	2.0
	HM	472	64	233	32	705	2.0
2016	LH	1061	63	414	25	1475	2.6
	MM	1170	70	389	23	1560	3.0
	MH	1170	70	404	24	1574	2.9
	HM	1206	72	401	24	1607	3.0
2017	LH	687	63	446	41	1133	1.5
	MM	763	70	281	26	1044	2.7
	MH	763	70	281	26	1044	2.7
	HM	763	70	281	26	1044	2.7
平均值 Mean	LH	734 a	63 b	342 a	30 a	1076 a	2.3 b
	MM	798 a	68 a	284 a	25 b	1082 a	2.8 a
	MH	798 a	68 a	306 a	27 ab	1104 a	2.5 ab
	HM	814 a	69 a	305 a	27 ab	1119 a	2.6 a

年份 Year	组合 Combination	温度生产效率 Production efficiency of AT (kg hm^-2 °C^-1)			光能生产效率 Production efficiency of R_a (g MJ^-1)			降水生产效率 Production efficiency of P_r (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
年份 Year	组合 Combination	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	周年 Annual	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	周年 Annual	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	周年 Annual
2015	LH	3.56	4.55	4.08	0.58	0.72	0.66	18.4	71.9	32.7
	MM	3.86	4.55	4.21	0.64	0.73	0.69	21.3	65.2	33.7
	MH	3.86	4.44	4.16	0.64	0.73	0.68	21.3	51.1	31.3
	HM	3.97	4.50	4.23	0.66	0.73	0.70	22.5	50.8	31.9
2016	LH	2.16	2.83	2.52	0.34	0.44	0.39	4.7	18.1	8.5
	MM	2.14	3.46	2.80	0.33	0.56	0.45	4.7	23.4	9.4
	MH	2.14	3.32	2.74	0.33	0.54	0.44	4.7	21.9	9.1
	HM	2.23	3.47	2.83	0.36	0.64	0.49	5.3	24.5	10.1
2017	LH	2.98	2.40	2.65	0.42	0.42	0.42	10.0	16.2	12.4
	MM	2.97	3.55	3.26	0.43	0.61	0.51	10.0	33.4	16.3
	MH	2.97	3.31	3.14	0.43	0.56	0.49	10.0	31.8	15.9
	HM	3.09	3.95	3.50	0.44	0.69	0.54	11.4	35.7	18.0
平均值 Mean	LH	2.90 c	3.26 c	3.08 c	0.44 b	0.53 c	0.49 c	11.1 a	35.4 a	17.9 a
	MM	2.99 b	3.85 b	3.42 b	0.47 a	0.63 b	0.55 b	12.0 a	40.7 a	19.8 a
	MH	2.99 b	3.69 b	3.35 b	0.47 a	0.61 b	0.54 b	12.0 a	34.9 a	18.8 a
	HM	3.10 a	3.97 a	3.52 a	0.49 a	0.69 a	0.58 a	13.1 a	37.0 a	20.0 a

长江中游双季玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征

Characteristics of the annual distribution and utilization of climate resource for double maize cropping system in the middle reaches of Yangtze River

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年份 Year	组合 Combination	籽粒光能利用效率 Radiation use efficiency of grain			总生物量光能利用效率 Radiation use of efficiency of total biomass
年份 Year	组合 Combination	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	周年 Annual	第一季 First season	第二季 Second season	周年 Annual
2015	LH	1.05	1.31	1.19	1.82	2.06	1.95
	MM	1.16	1.32	1.24	2.09	2.09	2.09
	MH	1.16	1.31	1.24	2.09	2.07	2.08
	HM	1.20	1.33	1.26	2.18	2.22	2.20
2016	LH	0.61	0.79	0.71	1.39	1.39	1.39
	MM	0.60	1.01	0.81	1.76	1.58	1.67
	MH	0.60	0.98	0.79	1.76	1.57	1.66
	HM	0.66	1.15	0.89	1.83	1.82	1.83
2017	LH	0.75	0.76	0.76	1.44	1.53	1.49
	MM	0.77	1.10	0.92	1.73	1.91	1.82
	MH	0.77	1.01	0.88	1.73	1.82	1.77
	HM	0.79	1.25	0.98	1.76	2.25	1.97
平均值 Mean	LH	0.80 a	0.95 c	0.88 c	1.55 c	1.66 c	1.61 c
	MM	0.84 a	1.14 b	0.99 b	1.86 b	1.86 b	1.86 b
	MH	0.84 a	1.10 b	0.97 b	1.86 b	1.82 b	1.84 b
	HM	0.88 a	1.24 a	1.04 a	1.92 a	2.10 a	2.00 a

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