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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1715-1724.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.91004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦小穗不同粒位粒重形成的生理特性差异

李艳霞1,杨卫兵1,2,尹燕枰1,郑孟静1,陈金1,杨东清1,骆永丽1,庞党伟1,李勇1,*(),王振林1,*()   

  1. 1 山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
    2 北京市农林科学院 / 北京杂交小麦工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-10 接受日期:2019-06-22 出版日期:2019-11-12 网络出版日期:2019-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 李勇,王振林
  • 作者简介:E-mail: liyanxia429@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271661);本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30871477);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB150404)(2015CB150404);北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ201629);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300400);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J14LF12);山东省泰山产业领军人才项目和山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题项目资助

Difference of physiological characteristics of grain weight at various kernel positions in wheat spikelets

LI Yan-Xia1,YANG Wei-Bing1,2,YIN Yan-Ping1,ZHENG Meng-Jing1,CHEN Jin1,YANG Dong-Qing1,LUO Yong-Li1,PANG Dang-Wei1,LI Yong1,*(),WANG Zhen-Lin1,*()   

  1. 1 Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;
    2 Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2019-01-10 Accepted:2019-06-22 Published:2019-11-12 Published online:2019-07-15
  • Contact: Yong LI,Zhen-Lin WANG
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31271661);The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(30871477);the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB150404);the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2015CB150404);the Youth Fund Project from Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201629);the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0300400);the Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Plan(J14LF12);the Shandong Province Mount Tai Industrial Talents Program, and Shandong Province Key Agricultural project for Application Technology Innovation

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摘要：

为探明小麦小穗上不同粒位籽粒粒重形成的生理机制, 明确限制小穗上位弱势粒充实的主要原因, 本试验选用大穗型小麦品种泰农18 (TN18)和多穗型小麦品种山农20 (SN20)为材料, 调查检测了灌浆过程中小穗上不同粒位籽粒内源激素、可溶性糖、全氮含量的动态变化以及籽粒与籽粒柄连接处横面的组织结构与不同粒位籽粒粒重的关系。花后籽粒灌浆过程中灌浆速率与籽粒内GA和IAA含量呈极显著或显著相关, 小穗基部籽粒中较高的GA和IAA含量可使蔗糖向淀粉转化开始早, 籽粒分化快, 灌浆速率高, 是小穗基部籽粒粒重高的生理机制; 扫描电镜图显示小麦籽粒灌浆初期小穗基部籽粒柄维管束横面面积明显大于上位籽粒, 微观空隙小且排列较整齐, 有利于同化物和生理活性物质的运输, 是小穗基部籽粒粒重增长快、灌浆速率高的解剖学基础;

关键词: 粒位, 粒重, 内源激素, 可溶性糖, 全氮含量

Abstract:

The object of the experiment was to explore the main physiological mechanism of heterogeneous development of grains located at the various kernel positions in wheat spikelets, further to reveal the factors restricting grain filling of inferior grains located on the distal kernel positions. Two varieties with different spike sizes of winter wheat (a large-spike cultivar Tainong 18 and a multiple-spike cultivar Shannong 20) were used to as the experimental materials. We have studied the dynamic changes of concentrations of endogenous hormones, soluble sugar and total nitrogen in grains located at different kernel positions in wheat spikelets during grain-filling period, and the microstructure of vascular bundle junction on kernel handle and kernel weight. Correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate was significantly correlated with the contents of GA and IAA in grains. Higher GA and IAA contents in proximal kernels could make the conversion from sucrose to starch start earlier, the seed differentiate rapidly and the grain-filling rate higher, which is the physiological mechanism of the higher weight of proximal kernel in wheat spikelets. The micrograph showed that the cross-sectional area of vascular bundle of seed stalk on proximal kernels at the early stage of grain-filling period was significantly larger than that of distal kernels, and the microcosmic space was small and orderly, which is conducive to the transport of assimilates and physiological active substances, showing an anatomical basis for the rapid increase of seed weight and higher grain-filling rate in the proximal kernels of spikelets.

Key words: kernel position, kernel weight, endogenous hormone, soluble sugar, total nitrogen content

图1

2014-2015年花后小穗上不同粒位籽粒粒重和灌浆速率 1 2: 小穗基部第1位和第2位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4 5: 小穗基部第4位和第5位籽粒。"

图2

2013-2014和2014-2015年成熟期小麦小穗上不同粒位籽粒单粒重 1 2: 小穗基部第1位和第2位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4 5: 小穗基部第4位和第5位籽粒。"

图3

2013-2014不同穗型小麦小穗上不同粒位籽粒灌浆期可溶性总糖和可溶性蔗糖含量变化 1 2: 小穗基部第1位和第2位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4 5: 小穗基部第4位和第5位籽粒。"

图4

2013-2014年花后小穗上不同粒位籽粒全氮含量的变化 1 2: 小穗基部第1位和第2位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4 5: 小穗基部第4位和第5位籽粒。"

图5

2014-2015年籽粒灌浆过程中不同粒位籽粒内源激素含量的变化 1 2: 小穗基部第1位和第2位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4 5: 小穗基部第4位和第5位籽粒。"

图6

TN18和SN20小麦小穗上不同粒位籽粒柄与籽粒连接处横切面的扫描电镜照片 1: 小穗基部第1位籽粒; 3: 小穗基部第3位籽粒; 4: 小穗基部第4位籽粒。从左到右依次放大50×、150×、500×、1500×。"

表1

小麦籽粒灌浆过程中灌浆速率与籽粒中碳水化合物及内源激素的相关性"

籽粒灌浆速率
Grain-filling rate		 可溶性总糖
Soluble suger content		 蔗糖
Sucrose content		 内源激素 Hormone content
GA ZR ABA IAA
山农20 SN20 0.46 0.57 0.40 0.49 0.29 0.68*
泰农18 TN18 0.18 0.56* 0.74** 0.08 0.11 0.81**
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