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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 705-713.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84121

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

芥菜型多室与二室油菜花芽分化过程的比较分析

李新,肖麓,李麟芳,杜德志()   

  1. 青海大学农林科学院 / 青海省春油菜遗传改良重点实验室 / 国家油菜改良中心青海分中心 / 农业部春油菜科学观测实验站 / 青海省春油菜研究开发中心, 青海西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-19 接受日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-05-12 网络出版日期:2019-02-08
  • 通讯作者: 杜德志
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);国家自然科学基金项目(31560398);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101300);青海省春油菜遗传改良重点实验室(2017-ZJ-Y09)

Comparative analysis on flower bud differentiation of multilocular and bilocular traits in Brassica juncea

Xin LI,Lu XIAO,Lin-Fang LI,De-Zhi DU()   

  1. Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University / Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province for Spring Rapeseed Genetic Improvement / The Qinghai Research Branch of the National Rapeseed Genetic Improvement Center / Spring and Rape Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Qinghai Research and Development Center for Spring Rapeseed, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2018-09-19 Accepted:2019-01-12 Published:2019-05-12 Published online:2019-02-08
  • Contact: De-Zhi DU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12);the National Nature Science Funds of China(31560398);the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFD0101300);Key Laboratory of Spring Rape Genetic Improvement of Qinghai Province(2017-ZJ-Y09)

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摘要：

芥菜型油菜中存在天然的多室性状。与普通二室油菜相比, 多室油菜因多果室(3~5个腔室)、多粒特征, 具有高产潜力, 为了揭示多室性状的形成过程, 本研究以青海芥菜型多室油菜和塔油2号(芥菜型二室油菜)双亲、BC3F5群体中纯合的二室和多室单株为材料, 通过石蜡切片结合扫描电镜观察, 比较分析表明, 青海芥菜型多室油菜自出苗开始, 约22 d左右, 平均叶片数为5时, 开始花芽分化且经历5个时期; 多室茎顶端分生组织(SAM)和花顶端分生组织(FM)伸长膨大, 直径较二室大; 随心皮分化, 多室花顶端向内凹陷成“X”状的四心皮区域, 而二室花芽中心生长锥向内凹陷成“I”状, 形成二心皮的对半区域, 该凹陷分裂影响心皮数目, 并决定了子房中籽粒的排列数目; 柱头顶端也形成“I”及“X”状凹陷, 可作为一种指标用以早期区分多室及二室性状。

关键词: 多室, 花芽分化, 茎顶端分生组织, 花顶端分生组织, 心皮

Abstract:

Brassica juncea, possessing natural multilocular traits compared with bilocular rapeseed (two-chambered), has high yielding potential due to multiple locules (3-5 locules) and multi-grains. To disclose the formation process of multilocular traits, we constructed a BC3F5 population from a cross between Qinghai multilocular rapeseed and Tayou 2 (two locules) to analyse the whole process of flower bud differentiation of homozygous bilocular plants and multilocular plants through paraffin section along with scanning electron-microscopy observation. The flower bud differentiation in multilocular rapeseed took place at about 22 days after seedling emergence, with an average leaf number of 5, and whole differentiation was divided into five stages. The diameters of shoot apical meristem (SAM) and floral meristem (FM) in multilocular plants were significantly larger than these in bilocular plants. The center of growing cone of the multilocular was deeply recessed into an “X” shaped region with four carpels, while that of the bilocular into an “I” shape, forming half and half regions with two carpels, such differentiation could affect the number of carpels and seeds rows. The tip of the stigma also formed “I” and “X” shapes, which could be used as an indicator, to distinguish between multilocular plants and bilocular plants in the early stage.

Key words: multilocular, flower bud differentiation, shoot apical meristem, floral meristem, carpel

图1

芥菜型二室油菜花芽分化进程图 a: 生长锥伸长, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、叶原基(L); 图b: 花原基出现, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、花原基(f1~f6); 图c~图e: 花原基不断分化膨大, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、花原基(f)、花顶端分生组织(FM)、萼片原基(S); 图f: 花萼原基分化, 花顶端分生组织(FM)、萼片原基(S1~S4); 图g: 花萼(S1~S4), 包裹花顶端; 图h: 花瓣原基分化, 花瓣原基(P)、雄蕊原基(St1~St6)和心皮原基(C1, C2)分化; 图i~图k: 子房腔(OV)的形成及花柱伸长; 图l: 柱头(箭头所指)形成。"

图2

芥菜型多室油菜花芽分化进程图 a: 生长锥伸长, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、叶原基(L); 图b: 花原基出现, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、花原基(F1~F6); 图c~e: 花原基不断分化膨大, 茎顶端分生组织(SAM)、花原基(F)、花顶端分生组织(FM)、萼片原基(S); 图f: 花萼原基分化, 花顶端分生组织(FM)、萼片原基(S1~S4); 图g: 花萼(S1~S4), 包裹花顶端; 图h: 花瓣原基分化, 花瓣原基(P)、雄蕊原基(St1~St6)和心皮原基(C1~C4)分化; 图i~k: 子房腔(OV)的形成及花柱伸长; 图k~l: 柱头(箭头所指)形成。"

表1

大田环境二室和多室油菜花芽组织的分化时间"

类型
Type		 生长锥
Growth cone		 花原基
Flower
primordium		 萼片原基
Sepal
primordium		 花瓣原基
Petal
primordium		 雄蕊原基
Stamen
primordium		 心皮
Carpel
二室Bilocular 2 21 27 33 40 45
多室Multilocular 2 22 31 38 51 52

图3

多室与二室花芽分化比较 图a~b: 二室茎顶端分生组织; 图c: 二室花顶端分生组织; 图d~e: 多室茎顶端分生组织; 图f: 多室花顶端分生组织; 图g: 二室心皮分化(C1, C2); 图h: 二室子房腔(lc); 图i: 二室籽粒着生(O); 图j: 多室心皮分化(C1~C4); 图k: 多室子房腔(lc); 图l: 多室籽粒着生(O); 图m~n: 二室角果内部结构; 图o: 二室柱头; 图p~q: 多室角果内籽粒排列结构; 图r: 多室柱头; P: 花瓣原基; St: 雄蕊原基; C: 心皮; lc: 心室; O: 胚珠; M: 中间区域; L: 横向区域。"

图4

二室与多室SAM及FM的比较 **表示在0.01概率水平上显著相关; *表示在0.05概率水平上显著相关。"

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