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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1966-1977.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02059

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

缓释氮肥与尿素配施对机插杂交籼稻碳氮积累的影响

吕腾飞1,2(), 谌洁1, 代邹2, 马鹏1, 杨志远1, 郑传刚2, 马均1,*()   

  1. 1四川农业大学水稻研究所 / 作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 611130
    2西昌学院农业科学学院, 四川西昌 615000
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-22 接受日期:2021-01-13 出版日期:2021-10-12 网络出版日期:2021-02-19
  • 通讯作者: 马均
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1018914967@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301701);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301706);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301202)

Effects of combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in mechanical transplanted hybrid rice

LYU Teng-Fei1,2(), SHEN Jie1, DAI Zou2, MA Peng1, YANG Zhi-Yuan1, ZHENG Chuan-Gang2, MA Jun1,*()   

  1. 1Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University / Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-08-22 Accepted:2021-01-13 Published:2021-10-12 Published online:2021-02-19
  • Contact: MA Jun
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301701);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301706);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301202)

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摘要：

为探究缓释氮肥与尿素配施对我国西南地区机插杂交籼稻碳氮积累的影响, 2016—2017年, 本研究以杂交籼稻F优498为试验材料, 设置2种机插方式和4种不同的氮肥缓、速配施方法, 调查了杂交稻植株碳氮含量和碳氮代谢关键酶活性的变化。结果表明, 与毯苗机插相比, 在水稻生育中后期, 钵苗机插提高了杂交稻幼穗和剑叶中碳氮代谢关键酶活性, 增加了植株抽穗期和成熟期碳氮积累、拔节期植株碳素含量和C/N、抽穗期和成熟期穗部C/N, 有利于提高杂交稻产量。与缓释肥一次基施相比, 缓释氮肥基施配合尿素穗肥追施(N3), 显著提高了幼穗和剑叶中碳氮代谢关键酶活性、拔节期植株的碳氮比、抽穗期和成熟期植株碳素积累, 有利于进一步提高机插杂交稻产量。另外, 机插杂交籼稻高产群体植株碳氮比在拔节期应控制在1.85~2.12, 抽穗期2.47~2.82, 成熟期3.34~3.53为宜。

关键词: 杂交籼稻, 钵苗机插, 缓速配施, 碳氮代谢, 碳氮比

Abstract:

To explore the effects of combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on carbon and nitrogen accumulation of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice in southwestern China. A split-plot design experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 repeatedly, with two machine-transplanting methods as main plot, and four nitrogen treatments as subplot using F you 498 as the experimental variety. The contents of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and their related key enzyme activities were investigated. Results showed that, compared with the blanket-seedling rice, potted-seedling increased key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism of young panicles and flag leaves, C and N accumulation at heading and maturity stage, C accumulation and C/N at jointing stage, C/N of panicle at heading and maturity stage, resulting in the yield improvement of F you 498. Compared with 100% slow release N fertilizer (SRNF) as base, 70% SRNF as base + 30% urea as panicle (SBUP) significantly improved key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism, C/N at jointing stage, C accumulation at heading and maturity stage, leading to a further yield growth in machine-transplanting method. Meanwhile, this study suggested that C/N of the high-yield groups of machine-transplanting hybrid rice should be controlled 1.85-2.12, 2.47-2.82, and 3.34-3.53 at jointing, heading and maturity stages, respectively.

Key words: hybrid indica rice, potted-seedling machine-transplantation, slow and rapid nitrogen fertilizer combined application, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C/N

图1

生长期间气象资料"

表1

不同机插方式下杂交稻主要生育时期(月/日)"

年份
Year		 育秧方式
Seedling-raising
method		 播种期
Seeding date		 移栽期
Transplanting date		 拔节期
Elongation date		 抽穗期
Heading date		 成熟期
Maturity date
2016 钵苗Potted seedling 3/20 4/17 6/6 7/4 8/22
毯苗Blanket seedling 3/20 4/17 6/7 7/8 8/24
2017 钵苗Potted seedling 3/25 4/23 6/2 7/8 8/18
毯苗Blanket seedling 3/25 4/23 6/4 7/10 8/20

表2

不同生育时期各器官全碳积累量"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
2016 M1N0 0.48±0.02 d 0.36±0.01 d 1.80±0.02 d 0.77±0.01 c 0.62±0.01 c 1.10±0.02 c 0.42±0.01 b 3.33±0.06 d
M1N1 0.90±0.02 b 0.78±0.02 b 3.08±0.02 c 1.50±0.01 a 0.94±0.03 b 2.04±0.03 a 0.89±0.02 a 5.20±0.04 b
M1N2 1.15±0.03 a 0.85±0.03 a 3.34±0.03 a 1.38±0.01 b 1.01±0.01 a 1.87±0.04 b 0.87±0.01 a 5.03±0.05 c
M1N3 0.81±0.03 c 0.69±0.02 c 3.23±0.02 b 1.56±0.06 a 1.05±0.04 a 1.97±0.01 a 0.88±0.01 a 5.40±0.06 a
M2N0 0.49±0.01 c 0.41±0.01 c 1.52±0.05 c 0.59±0.02 d 0.59±0.02 c 1.09±0.03 d 0.52±0.01 c 3.01±0.06 c
M2N1 0.73±0.02 b 0.66±0.02 b 2.49±0.03 b 1.47±0.05 b 0.84±0.02 b 1.94±0.01 c 1.00±0.05 ab 4.78±0.02 a
M2N2 0.88±0.01 a 0.82±0.01 a 2.54±0.01 b 1.38±0.04 c 0.86±0.01 b 2.03±0.03 b 0.95±0.02 b 4.44±0.04 b
M2N3 0.75±0.02 c 0.67±0.02 c 2.83±0.03 a 1.63±0.05 a 0.99±0.03 a 2.15±0.03 a 1.04±0.03 a 4.89±0.09 a
F-value M 496.27** 9.82 ns 184.99** 3.54 ns 25.34* 21.74* 31.86* 278.29**
N 243.14** 258.67** 102.33** 625.72** 196.40** 469.31** 249.69** 510.68**
M×N 18.57** 8.73** 32.36** 10.42** 4.48* 10.86** 1.40 ns 1.98 ns
2017 M1N0 0.46±0.01 c 0.29±0.01 c 1.96±0.04 c 0.61±0.02 c 0.57±0.02 c 1.36±0.01 c 0.46±0.01 b 3.26±0.06 c
M1N1 0.81±0.01 b 0.71±0.02 b 3.37±0.03 bc 1.30±0.01 b 0.94±0.01 b 1.99±0.02 b 0.92±0.02 a 5.32±0.05 a
M1N2 1.00±0.02 a 0.80±0.03 a 3.41±0.09 ab 1.27±0.02 b 1.01±0.03 a 2.04±0.06 b 0.93±0.03 a 5.13±0.06 b
M1N3 0.82±0.02 b 0.73±0.01 b 3.54±0.05 a 1.59±0.07 a 1.04±0.03 a 2.16±0.02 a 0.88±0.03 a 5.40±0.04 a
M2N0 0.39±0.02 c 0.31±0.01 c 1.82±0.06 c 0.57±0.02 d 0.52±0.01 c 1.16±0.04 d 0.55±0.02 c 3.11±0.07 c
M2N1 0.81±0.03 a 0.71±0.01 ab 2.84±0.08 b 1.31±0.03 b 0.80±0.03 b 1.91±0.01 c 1.06±0.03 a 5.04±0.04 a
M2N2 0.75±0.02 b 0.74±0.03 a 2.96±0.06 ab 1.14±0.01 c 0.80±0.02 b 1.98±0.04 b 0.96±0.01 b 4.75±0.09 b
M2N3 0.76±0.01 ab 0.68±0.01 b 3.05±0.06 a 1.44±0.01 a 0.90±0.01 a 2.25±0.02 a 1.10±0.02 a 5.00±0.11 a
F-value M 61.45* 16.16 ns 152.28** 98.20* 341.10** 19.47* 153.27** 64.83*
N 262.02** 253.67** 231.54** 436.98** 114.32** 521.67** 238.17** 353.74**
M×N 18.29** 2.64 ns 3.99* 3.90* 3.61* 10.27** 6.07** 1.25 ns

表3

不同生育时期时期各器官碳氮比"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
2016 M1N0 4.94±0.01 a 2.05±0.02 a 5.60±0.04 a 1.86±0.04 a 3.21±0.07 a 4.74±0.08 b 3.01±0.06 a 3.29±0.05 ab
M1N1 3.16±0.03 c 1.33±0.02 c 3.87±0.03 d 1.37±0.03 c 3.00±0.09 b 5.12±0.02 a 2.66±0.03 b 3.23±0.01 bc
M1N2 3.64±0.01 b 1.38±0.02 bc 5.13±0.05 b 1.49±0.01 b 3.31±0.07 a 5.22±0.06 a 2.94±0.03 a 3.35±0.05 a
M1N3 3.67±0.01 b 1.42±0.01 b 4.41±0.04 c 1.35±0.03 c 2.57±0.02 c 4.62±0.04 b 2.98±0.05 a 3.21±0.04 c
M2N0 3.33±0.07 a 1.58±0.02 a 5.80±0.11 a 1.69±0.02 a 3.24±0.09 a 4.79±0.06 a 3.13±0.01 a 3.30±0.03 b
M2N1 2.48±0.07 d 1.20±0.02 d 4.34±0.06 c 1.44±0.02 c 2.59±0.06 d 4.40±0.16 c 2.82±0.02 c 3.40±0.03 a
M2N2 2.84±0.02 c 1.37±0.01 b 5.20±0.10 b 1.63±0.01 b 3.10±0.07 b 4.60±0.05 b 2.96±0.02 b 3.33±0.02 ab
M2N3 3.09±0.02 b 1.28±0.02 c 3.88±0.21 d 1.46±0.02 c 2.74±0.08 c 4.60±0.04 b 2.32±0.03 d 3.40±0.01 a
F-value M 820.81** 1035.33** 7.51 ns 19.32* 10.26 ns 553.09** 19.29* 12.54 ns
N 383.11** 295.37** 97.99** 349.17** 130.21** 4.07* 44.80** 0.79 ns
M×N 70.94** 49.58** 7.04** 57.75** 24.63** 10.58** 45.38** 4.68*
2017 M1N0 4.89±0.08 a 1.62±0.03 a 6.02±0.08 a 1.69±0.02 a 3.09±0.03 b 5.60±0.14 a 2.72±0.04 c 3.15±0.04 b
M1N1 2.61±0.03 d 1.15±0.01 d 4.00±0.01 c 1.27±0.02 d 3.12±0.07 b 5.39±0.01 b 2.40±0.02 d 3.11±0.01 b
M1N2 2.80±0.02 c 1.21±0.02 c 5.91±0.12 a 1.45±0.01 b 3.40±0.07 a 5.58±0.07 a 3.19±0.04 a 3.39±0.03 a
M1N3 3.03±0.04 b 1.31±0.02 b 4.95±0.11 b 1.41±0.01 c 3.04±0.07 b 4.90±0.05 c 2.85±0.06 b 3.11±0.05 b
M2N0 3.97±0.02 a 1.45±0.01 a 7.24±0.06 a 1.97±0.01 a 2.98±0.06 b 4.80±0.10 b 3.26±0.08 a 3.39±0.01 ab
M2N1 2.61±0.06 b 1.18±0.01 b 5.44±0.02 c 1.37±0.01 b 2.72±0.02 c 4.47±0.03 c 2.87±0.03 b 3.42±0.03 ab
M2N2 2.35±0.03 c 1.18±0.01 b 6.08±0.05 b 1.28±0.01 c 3.14±0.03 a 4.54±0.10 c 3.16±0.04 a 3.50±0.06 a
M2N3 2.69±0.03 b 1.20±0.01 b 4.76±0.03 d 1.35±0.01 b 2.88±0.06 b 5.04±0.04 a 2.61±0.02 c 3.34±0.04 b
F-value M 883.50** 114.50** 86.30* 51.46* 17.44 ns 57.94* 48.17* 106.69**
N 660.08** 167.54** 353.39** 908.80** 21.97** 5.65* 49.16** 11.58**
M×N 30.71** 10.37** 65.91** 156.94** 3.77* 29.57** 29.48** 2.55 ns

表4

主要生育时期植株全碳、全氮积累量和碳氮比"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 全碳积累量 C accumulation (t hm-2) 全氮积累量 N accumulation (kg hm-2) 碳氮比 C/N 产量
Yield (kg hm-2)
拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2016 M1N0 0.84±0.02 d 3.19±0.02 d 4.84±0.08 c 27.20±0.53 d 93.07±1.33 d 138.24±1.25 d 3.07±0.02 a 3.43±0.05 a 3.50±0.05 b 7647.32±191.73 c
M1N1 1.68±0.04 b 5.53±0.06 c 8.13±0.05 a 87.08±2.15 b 220.60±0.81 b 234.28±1.62 b 1.93±0.02 c 2.51±0.03 c 3.47±0.01 bc 12,057.53±175.03 b
M1N2 2.00±0.04 a 5.73±0.03 b 7.77±0.02 b 93.50±1.37 a 188.59±0.78 c 215.34±0.83 c 2.14±0.01 b 3.04±0.02 b 3.61±0.02 a 11,665.74±182.51 b
M1N3 1.50±0.04 c 5.84±0.08 a 8.25±0.07 a 70.60±2.14 c 229.21±3.46 a 240.34±0.49 a 2.12±0.01 b 2.55±0.01 c 3.43±0.02 c 12,608.57±197.97 a
M2N0 0.90±0.02 c 2.71±0.08 c 4.62±0.05 d 40.71±0.64 d 79.77±1.83 d 130.67±1.49 d 2.20±0.01 a 3.40±0.05 a 3.53±0.02 a 7066.64±123.93 c
M2N1 1.40±0.04 b 4.80±0.06 b 7.72±0.07 b 84.97±0.86 b 191.60±3.37 b 220.27±1.42 b 1.64±0.04 c 2.50±0.02 c 3.50±0.01 a 10,830.51±272.57 b
M2N2 1.69±0.01 a 4.78±0.05 b 7.42±0.07 c 90.35±0.71 a 161.51±1.05 c 209.40±2.16 c 1.88±0.01 b 2.96±0.02 b 3.54±0.01 a 10,501.40±159.28 b
M2N3 1.43±0.01 b 5.45±0.06 a 8.08±0.10 a 76.95±0.77 c 221.13±5.70 a 235.36±4.20 a 1.85±0.01 b 2.47±0.04 c 3.43±0.02 b 11,410.96±151.36 a
F-value M 266.22** 108.62** 89.41* 20.50* 134.29** 225.03** 846.21** 18.31 ns 0.01 ns 272.61**
N 362.85** 254.01** 961.60** 787.38** 346.68** 908.66** 865.00** 436.76** 9.75** 267.08**
M×N 16.72** 26.12** 1.18 ns 17.72** 9.42** 1.71 ns 139.52** 0.80 ns 1.69 ns 1.43 ns
2017 M1N0 0.75±0.01 c 3.14±0.07 c 5.08±0.08 c 27.30±0.11 d 87.08±2.29 c 144.60±3.16 c 2.73±0.02 a 3.61±0.05 a 3.51±0.02 b 7336.30±169.64 d
M1N1 1.52±0.02 b 5.61±0.03 b 8.23±0.05 ab 92.64±1.55 b 216.92±1.92 a 246.55±1.97 a 1.64±0.01 d 2.59±0.01 d 3.34±0.01 c 11,636.94±176.42 b
M1N2 1.80±0.05 a 5.69±0.12 b 8.10±0.14 b 102.02±2.36 a 174.79±4.52 b 216.91±1.99 b 1.77±0.01 c 3.25±0.03 b 3.73±0.04 a 11,191.95±256.75 c
M1N3 1.56±0.03 b 6.16±0.12 a 8.44±0.03 a 83.41±2.45 c 218.62±4.53 a 249.01±3.08 a 1.87±0.03 b 2.82±0.01 c 3.39±0.05 c 12,178.10±187.51 a
M2N0 0.70±0.03 b 2.92±0.06 c 4.82±0.09 d 31.39±1.00 c 71.90±1.06 d 132.85±2.29 d 2.24±0.02 a 4.05±0.02 a 3.63±0.01 a 6889.11±145.79 c
M2N1 1.52±0.04 a 4.96±0.10 b 8.01±0.06 b 91.24±1.36 a 177.83±2.73 b 227.15±0.75 b 1.66±0.02 b 2.79±0.02 c 3.53±0.02 b 10,794.88±111.85 ab
M2N2 1.49±0.05 a 4.90±0.09 b 7.69±0.09 c 94.93±3.01 a 162.98±2.69 c 210.06±4.96 c 1.57±0.02 c 3.01±0.01 b 3.66±0.04 a 10,527.79±198.08 b
M2N3 1.44±0.03 a 5.39±0.08 a 8.34±0.13 a 84.62±0.82 b 202.21±3.34 a 236.07±2.30 a 1.70±0.01 b 2.67±0.01 d 3.53±0.02 b 11,242.41±171.13 a
F-value M 35.45* 178.71** 45.00* 0.60 ns 215.94** 654.57** 527.78** 18.37 ns 18.26 ns 52.26*
N 346.16** 417.44** 722.79** 662.11** 904.02** 551.82** 750.06** 110.09** 28.25** 233.49**
M×N 9.34** 4.71* 1.76 ns 3.74* 10.11** 1.61 ns 53.85** 102.91** 6.30** 0.61 ns

图2

幼穗分化期幼穗中GOGAT (谷氨酸合成酶)、GS (谷氨酰胺合成酶)、SPS (蔗糖磷酸合成酶)和SS (蔗糖合成酶)活性 PBPD: 一次枝梗原基分化期; SBSPD: 二次枝梗和颖花原基分化期。其他缩写同表2。不同小写字母表示差异达到0.05显著水平。"

图3

抽穗后剑叶GOGAT(谷氨酸合成酶)、GS(谷氨酰胺合成酶)、SPS (蔗糖磷酸合成酶)和SS (蔗糖合成酶)活性 其他缩写同表2。不同小写字母表示差异达到0.05显著水平。"

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