马铃薯抗南方根结线虫种质资源筛选及相关生理反应分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.54001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

筛选优异的抗南方根结线虫马铃薯材料，分析其生理抗性，为抗南方根结线虫马铃薯品种选育提供理论依据，丰富抗线虫种质资源。利用根结线虫通用引物D2A/D3B及南方根结线虫特异性引物Inc-K14-F/Inc-K14-R对供试线虫材料进行分子鉴定。54份马铃薯野生种渐渗系和31份普通栽培种通过室内盆栽接种南方根结线虫，35 d后测定根系南方根结线虫的卵块数量和根结数量，计算卵块指数(egg index, EI)、根结指数(gall index, GI)及病情指数(disease index, DI)，用于抗病性评价；初步筛选抗病种质后，以未接种南方根结线虫的抗(感)材料为对照，分别在线虫侵入根系的第3天、第7天和第35天，测定根系木质素、茉莉酸及水杨酸含量，初步解析抗南方根结线虫马铃薯材料根系的生理反应。结果表明，85份马铃薯材料根系卵块数量、根结数量、卵块指数和根结指数差异显著，依病情指数将其分为高抗(1<DI≤2)、中感(4<DI≤5)、感病(5<DI≤6)和高感(DI >6) 4种类型。其中，野生种渐渗系232-8为高抗材料(DI=1.01)；232-9 (DI=4.02)、315-53(DI=4.09)和390-10 (DI=4.33)为中感材料；364-3 (DI=5.17)、19-2 (DI=5.28)、53-1 (DI=5.88)和317-8 (DI=5.88)为感病材料；其余77份材料为高感材料，DI范围为6.13~74.26，其中天薯12号的DI最高(74.26)。接种南方根结线虫后，232-8根系木质素、茉莉酸及水杨酸含量显著高于天薯12号，其木质素在接种35 d后含量达到最高(476.18 mg g^?1)，茉莉酸及水杨酸含量在接种7 d时达到最高，分别为10.80 ng g^?1和1623.15 ng g^?1。马铃薯野生种渐渗系232-8为抗南方根结线虫材料，其根系木质素、茉莉酸及水杨酸含量在线虫侵入后显著升高，这可能是其形成生理抗性的重要原因。

关键词: 马铃薯, 南方根结线虫, 野生种渐渗系, 抗性筛选, 生理抗性

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify potato germplasm with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and to analyze their physiological defense responses, thereby providing a theoretical basis for breeding nematode-resistant potato varieties and enriching pest-resistant germplasm resources. Molecular identification of nematodes was performed using the universal primer pair D2A/D3B and the M. incognita-specific primer pair Inc-K14-F/Inc-K14-R. A total of 54 wild potato introgression lines and 31 cultivated varieties were inoculated with M. incognita, and the numbers of egg masses and root galls were recorded 35 days after inoculation. The egg index (EI), gall index (GI), and disease index (DI) were calculated to evaluate resistance. Following preliminary screening, non-inoculated resistant and susceptible materials were used as controls, and the contents of lignin, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) in roots were measured at 3, 7, and 35 days post-inoculation to analyze the physiological responses of resistant potato root systems to M. incognita. The results revealed significant variation in egg mass and root gall numbers, EI, and GI among the 85 potato genotypes. Based on DI values, materials were categorized into four resistance levels: highly resistant (1 < DI ≤ 2), moderately susceptible (4 < DI ≤ 5), susceptible (5 < DI ≤ 6), and highly susceptible (DI > 6). The wild introgression line 232-8 was identified as highly resistant (DI = 1.01); lines 232-9 (DI = 4.02), 315-53 (DI = 4.09), and 390-10 (DI = 4.33) were moderately susceptible; while lines 364-3 (DI = 5.17), 19-2 (DI = 5.28), 53-1 (DI = 5.88), and 317-8 (DI = 5.88) were susceptible. The remaining 77 genotypes were highly susceptible, with DI values ranging from 6.13 to 74.26; Tianshu 12 showed the highest DI (74.26). Following M. incognita inoculation, line 232-8 exhibited significantly higher root contents of lignin, JA, and SA compared with Tianshu 12. Lignin content peaked at 35 days post-inoculation (476.18 mg g^?1), while JA and SA contents peaked at 7 days (10.80 ng g^?1 and 1623.15 ng g^?1, respectively). These results suggest that wild potato introgression line 232-8 is resistant to M. incognita, and the significant induction of lignin, JA, and SA following nematode invasion may contribute to its physiological resistance mechanisms.

Key words: potato, Meloidogyne incognita, introgression lines, resistance screening, physiological resistance

朱锦程, 杨秋华, 程李香, 李文丽, 石明明, 李惠霞, 张峰. 马铃薯抗南方根结线虫种质资源筛选及相关生理反应分析[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

ZHU Jin-Cheng, YANG Qiu-Hua, CHENG Li-Xiang, LI Wen-Li, SHI Ming-Ming, LI Hui-Xia, ZHANG Feng. Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita and analysis of related physiological responses[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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