我国珍稀的大豆属(Glycine Willd.)多年生烟豆(G. tabacina)和短绒野大豆(G. tomentella)物种遗传资源濒危性评估分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.55010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

烟豆(Glycine tabacina)和短绒野大豆(G.tomentella)是大豆属(Glycine Willd.)多年生亚属(Subgenus Glycine)仅有的2个分布于我国的物种，其分布仅限于我国大陆东南沿海的海岸地带，我国是其世界分布的北界。这2个物种在大豆育种上具有潜在的重要利用价值，新颁布的《国家重点保护野生植物新名录》中同一年生野大豆(Glycine soja)一起被列入国家二级保护植物。然而，目前这2个物种的生存状况和濒危性还不清楚，它们是否需要人工介入保护亟需一套相对科学和客观的评估系统进行判定。本研究实地调查了我国这2种多年生植物分布区域的福建和广东省海岸地带32个县(市、区)的群落生态特征，使用区域分布程度、区域种群频度、种群面积、种群个体密度和群落内部演替过程中潜在胁迫的物种数目等5项与物种生存密切相关的重要生态指标针对我国多年生野大豆物种建立了一套濒危程度评估系统(SEAS)，首次对我国东南沿海多年生野大豆进行濒危性评估。结果显示，当前福建省短绒野大豆处于濒危状态(红色报警级别)，广东省短绒野大豆和福建省烟豆处于近濒危状态(黄色预警级别)，2个物种都处于近濒危以上状态，亟需人工保护干预。基于实地调查发现的墓地种群生境具有“庇护地”功能，建议未来在东南沿海地带建立以历史年代久远的村聚落墓地群群落为主、其他群落为辅的多年生野大豆物种开放式原生境保护带(区)。

关键词: 濒危性评估, 烟豆, 短绒野大豆, 多年生野大豆, 中国东南沿海

Abstract:

The wild perennial species G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth. and G. tomentella Hayata are the only two species of the genus Glycine Willd., subgenus Glycine, found in China. Their distribution is limited to the southeastern coastal regions, which also represent the northernmost boundary of their global range. These two species possess significant potential for soybean breeding and have been listed as second-class protected plants—alongside the annual wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. and Zucc.)—in the newly promulgated National List of Key Protected Wild Plants of China. However, their current survival status and endangeredness remain unclear, and it is necessary to determine whether artificial conservation measures are required through a scientific and objective assessment system. In this study, field surveys were conducted across 32 counties (cities or districts) in the coastal regions of Fujian province and Guangdong province to investigate the community ecological characteristics of the two perennial species. AA set of Species Endangerment Assessment System (SEAS) was developed for Chinese perennial Glycine species, based on five key ecological indicators closely related to species survival and capable of reflecting the current status of their populations: extent of regional distribution, regional population frequency, population area, individual density within populations, and the number of potential stressor species involved in community succession. This study represents the first endangered status assessment s of perennial wild soybeans in the southeastern coastal areas of China. The results indicate that G. tomentella in Fujian is currently endangered (red alert level), while G. tabacina in Fujian and G. tomentella in Guangdong are near-endangered (warning level). Both species in China require artificial conservation efforts. Based on field observations that cemetery habitats serve as effective “shelters” for these populations, we propose establishing open-type in-situ conservation areas along the southeastern coast. These areas should primarily consist of long-established village or settlement cemetery communities, supplemented by other suitable community types.

Key words: endangerment assessment, G. tabacina, G. tomentella, perennial wild soybean, southeast coast of China

王克晶, 李向华. 我国珍稀的大豆属(Glycine Willd.)多年生烟豆(G. tabacina)和短绒野大豆(G. tomentella)物种遗传资源濒危性评估分析[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

WANG Ke-Jing, LI Xiang-Hua. Endangerment assessment of the perennial species G. tabacina and G. tomentella of the genus Glycine Willd. in China[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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