作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 3154-3161.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.31009
刘小娟1,2(), 柳欣2, 张明虎2, 郝明2, 甯顺腙2, 袁中伟2, 黄林2, 刘登才1,2, 张连全1,2,*(
)
LIU Xiao-Juan1,2(), LIU Xin2, ZHANG Ming-Hu2, HAO Ming2, NING Shun-Zong2, YUAN Zhong-Wei2, HUANG Lin2, LIU Deng-Cai1,2, ZHANG Lian-Quan1,2,*(
)
摘要:
未减数配子的结合实现染色体自动加倍, 是多倍体物种起源的重要途径, 也是提高作物单倍体育种效率的重要手段。我们前期从四倍体小麦发掘出控制未减数配子形成的强效QTL位点QTug.sau-3B, 并通过人工合成小麦为“桥梁”, 将其导入到综合农艺性状优良的小麦新品系中。本实验使用5份含未减数配子基因的优良小麦新品系与不含未减数配子基因的小麦推广品种的F1杂种作母本与3份白茅(Imperata cylindrica)进行远缘杂交, 共授粉4610朵小花, 结实1965粒, 经幼胚拯救获得244个幼胚, 其中50个幼胚发育正常生长为50个小麦单倍体植株。由于小麦单倍体植株未减数配子基因的表达易受环境影响, 因此, 对单倍体植株在相同光周期(18 h光照/6 h黑暗)下进行了不同温度25℃/18℃、25℃/15℃和25℃/10℃处理, 结果表明, 25℃/18℃和25℃/10℃条件下编号为H31单倍体植株能够结实, 自交结实率分别为4.35%和2.41%。该研究结果为建立“基于小麦-白茅杂交实现染色体消除和未减数配子基因实现染色体自动加倍”的小麦单倍体育种技术提供了参考。
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