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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 1752-1762.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01752

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

CIMMYT种质对四川、云南、甘肃和新疆春性小麦产量遗传增益的贡献

张勇1,李式昭2,吴振录3,杨文雄4,于亚雄5,夏先春1,何中虎1,6,*   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家小麦改良中心/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程, 北京 100081；2四川省农业科学院作物研究所，四川成都 610066；3 新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000；4甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所, 甘肃兰州730070；5云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，云南昆明650205；6 CIMMYT中国办事处，北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2011-02-09 修回日期:2011-06-25 出版日期:2011-10-12 网络出版日期:2011-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 何中虎, E-mail: zhhecaas@163.com, Tel: 010-82108547
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)重大国际合作项目(2006-G2)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助。

Contribution of CIMMYT Wheat Germplasm to Genetic Improvement of Grain Yield in Spring Wheat of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Xinjiang Provinces

ZHANG Yong1,LI Shi-Zhao2,WU Zhen-Lu3,YANG Wen-Xiong4,YU Ya-Xiong5,XIA Xian-Chun1,HE Zhong-Hu1,6,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Sciences / National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; 3 China Institute of Nuclear & Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000, China; 4 Crop Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 5 Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; 6 CIMMYT-China Office, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2011-02-09 Revised:2011-06-25 Published:2011-10-12 Published online:2011-07-28
  • Contact: 何中虎, E-mail: zhhecaas@163.com, Tel: 010-82108547

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摘要： 研究历史品种产量潜力变化规律有助于提高小麦育种水平。2007—2009连续2年度将来自四川、云南、甘肃和新疆的代表性59个品种分别种植在四川成都、云南丽江、甘肃武威和新疆昌吉，在肥水供应充足、控制病虫害和倒伏的条件下分析了产量和相关农艺性状的变化趋势。结果表明，四川、云南、甘肃和新疆品种的产量随育成年份显著增加，年遗传增益分别为0.73%、0.34%、0.58%和1.43%。产量遗传增益四川品种表现与产量构成因子关系不密切；云南品种主要表现为减少穗数和增加穗粒数；甘肃品种主要表现为增加穗粒数；新疆品种主要表现为增加主穗粒重和收获指数，并与成熟期提早及株高降低有一定关系。各地区品种中Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b矮秆基因均来自CIMMYT种质，其产量潜力的提高主要得益于CIMMYT种质的引进和有效利用，在四川和云南，CIMMYT种质的主要贡献是提高品种的条锈病抗性；而在甘肃和新疆，其被利用的主要特性是矮秆、高产、穗粒数多及广泛适应性。

关键词: 普通小麦, 产量潜力, CIMMYT种质

Abstract: Information on advances in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity is essential for genetic improvement on yield potential. Four yield potential trials with totally 59 leading cultivars from Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Xinjiang, China were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications under controlled environments in two successive cropping seasons from 2007 to 2009. The experimental sites were located in Chengdu in Sichuan province, Lijiang in Yunnan province, Wuwei in Gansu province, and Changji in Xinjiang province. Molecular markers were used to detect the presence of dwarfing genes and 1B/1R translocation. The results indicated that the annual genetic gain in yield in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Xinjiang was 0.73%, 0.34%, 0.58%, and 1.43%, respectively. There was no obvious trend of yield component improvement for yield increase in Sichuan province; while reduced spikes per square meter and increased kernels per spike were the main factor for yield increase in Yunnan province; increased kernels per spike were the main factor for yield increase in Gansu province; and increased kernel weight of main spike and harvest index were the main factor for yield increase in Xinjiang province, together with the contribution from reduced plant height and earlier maturity. It also indicated that the dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b were all from CIMMYT lines, and the significant progresses of genetic gain in yield in the four provinces were mainly due to the direct and indirect use of CIMMYT germplasm. Stripe rust resistance was the main contribution of CIMMYT germplasm in Sichuan and Yunnan; while CIMMYT germplasm contributed to high yield potential with high kernel number per spike, short plant height, and wide adaptability in Xinjiang and Gansu.

Key words: T. aestivum, yield potential, CIMMYT germplasm

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