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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1388-1397.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94196

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花脱叶催熟剂对纤维品质的影响及应用时间的确定

田景山(), 张煦怡, 王文敏, 杨延龙, 随龙龙, 张鹏鹏, 张亚黎, 张旺锋*(), 勾玲*()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-13 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-09-12 网络出版日期:2020-05-14
  • 通讯作者: 张旺锋,勾玲
  • 作者简介:E-mail: tjshan1983@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31560366);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2016-X25);新疆维吾尔自治区研究生教育改革创新计划资助(XJGRI2016030)

A method of defoliant application based on fiber damage and boll growth period of machine-harvested cotton

TIAN Jing-Shan(), ZHANG Xu-Yi, WANG Wen-Min, YANG Yan-Long, SUI Long-Long, ZHANG Peng-Peng, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng*(), GOU Ling*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-12-13 Accepted:2020-04-15 Published:2020-09-12 Published online:2020-05-14
  • Contact: Wang-Feng ZHANG,Ling GOU
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560366);Program of Introducing International Super Agricultural Science and Technology(2016-X25);Xinjiang Postgraduate Education Reform and Innovation Program(XJGRI2016030)

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摘要：

棉花脱叶催熟技术是实现棉花机械采收的重要前提, 确定脱叶催熟剂喷施时期及标准对实现良好的脱叶和催熟效果至关重要。本研究采用分期喷施脱叶催熟剂的方式, 探讨了脱叶催熟剂对纤维品质的损伤程度, 及与棉铃铃期之间的定量关系。结果表明, 脱叶催熟剂对纤维长度的影响在品种间存在差异, 46%~69%的供试品种纤维长度较对照下降或持平, 另有31%~54%的品种纤维长度反而较对照增加, 所有品种纤维长度较对照平均仅降低0.2%~1.2%。纤维比强度受脱叶催熟剂的影响较为明显, 其损伤量(处理与对照的差值)集中分布在-4~0 cN tex-1之间。脱叶催熟剂对纤维比强度的损伤程度与喷施时间有关, 铃龄30 d时喷施损伤大, 铃龄37 d时喷施损伤减小, 且有61%供试品种的比强度较对照平均增加了1.1 cN/tex。脱叶催熟剂对纤维比强度的损伤量随棉铃铃期延长而加剧, 因此可根据“脱叶催熟剂喷施时棉铃的铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)”这一指标确定脱叶催熟剂的喷施时间。此外, 棉铃铃期与棉铃体积、棉铃体积与纤维比强度均呈显著正相关关系。如要生产比强度>31 cN tex-1的棉花纤维, 所选品种的棉铃体积应>31.8 cm3、棉铃铃期应>60.0 d, 且要在Rd/b>0.68 (铃龄40.9 d)后喷施脱叶催熟剂(可控制纤维比强度损伤量小于0.5 cN tex-1)。

关键词: 机采棉, 纤维品质, 脱叶催熟, 铃期, 损伤量

Abstract:

Defoliation technology is an essential prerequisite for machine-harvested cotton, and to apply defoliant to achieve better defoliation and improve fiber quality is an important method. The objective of this study was to analyze the quantitative relationship between fiber damage amount and boll growth period by defoliant. The results showed that defoliant had not significantly an effect on fiber length, which showed that all reduced by from 0.2% to 1.2% compared with the control, 46%-69% cotton varieties decreased or equal, whereas 31%-54% cotton varieties increased in fiber length compared with control. Fiber strength was affected significantly by defoliation, and the amplitude of fiber damage was concentrated between -4 cN tex-1 and 0 cN tex-1. The amount of fiber damage by defoliant was correlated to the spraying time in cotton boll growth, and the high damage at 30 days, whereas the lowest damage at 37 days. More than 61% cotton varieties showed an increased by average 1.1 cN tex-1 on fiber strength compared with the control. Fiber strength damage because of defoliant increased with the increasing boll growth period. It was an indicator for determining the time of spraying defoliation based on the boll growth period and fiber damage (Rd/b) on fiber strength. Furthermore, cotton boll growth period and boll volume. Fiber strength and boll volume, boll volume and boll growth period, both showed significant positive correlation. If fiber strength of more than 31 cN tex-1was produced in field, a cotton cultivar should be selected with boll volume of more than 31.8 cm3, boll growth period of more than 60.0 d and Rd/b more than 0.68. Defoliant used after 40.9 post-anthesis days could ensure fiber strength of less than 0.5 cN tex-1.

Key words: machine-harvested cotton, fiber quality, defoliation, boll growth period, fiber damage

表1

脱叶催熟剂试验种植的棉花品种、播种日期、挂花日期和脱叶催熟剂喷施时间"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experiment plot		 ‘新陆早’系列品种序号
No. of ‘Xinluzao’ cotton
cultivars		 播种日期
Sowing dates
(month/day)		 挂花时期
Tagged dates
(month/day)		 脱叶催熟剂
喷施时间
Defoliation times (d)
2016 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 1, 6, 7, 13, 33, 45 4/21 7/20 30, 37
46, 47, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64 4/21 7/20 37, 44
新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站
Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experiment Station		 33 4/15 7/15 30, 37, 44
33 4/15 7/22 30, 37
59 4/8, 4/15, 4/22 7/15, 7/15, 7/22 30, 37, 44
2017 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 45, 46, 47, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 4/22 7/12 30, 37
33, 59 4/22 7/12 30, 37, 44

表2

品种试验种植的棉花品种、播种日期、挂花日期和取样时间"

年份
Year		 ‘新陆早’系列品种序号
No. of ‘Xinluzao’ cotton cultivars		 播种日期
Sowing dates
(month/day)		 挂花时期
Tagged dates
(month/day)		 取样时间
Sampling dates
(d)
2014 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 24, 36, 45, 52, 53 5/1 7/15 46
2015 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 24, 36, 52, 53 4/20 7/9 53
2016 1, 6, 7, 13, 33, 45, 46, 47, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64 4/21 7/20 43
2017 45, 46, 47, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 4/22 7/12 50

图1

脱叶催熟剂喷施时间对棉纤维长度和比强度的影响 脱叶催熟剂喷施时间在铃龄30、37、44 d处理的样本数分别是21、28、13。图中粗实线表示该组数据的平均值。**表示在P < 0.01差异显著。"

图2

脱叶催熟剂喷施时间对棉纤维长度损伤等级的影响 柱状图是不同等级的纤维长度损伤量在试点间的比例分布, 横坐标是不同等级纤维长度的损伤量占全部试点数的百分比(%), 纵坐标是纤维长度损伤量的等级。散点图中的误差线为该组数值的标准偏差。处理同图1。"

图3

脱叶催熟剂喷施时间对棉纤维比强度损伤等级的影响 柱状图是不同等级的纤维比强度损伤量在试点间的比例分布, 横坐标是不同等级纤维比强度的损伤量占全部试点数的百分比(%), 纵坐标是纤维比强度损伤量的等级。散点图中的误差线为该组数值的标准偏差。处理同图1。"

图4

棉纤维长度和比强度的损伤量与对照处理棉铃铃期的关系 处理同图1。"

图5

棉纤维长度和比强度的损伤量与脱叶催熟剂喷施时的棉铃铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)间的定量关系"

图6

棉铃铃期与棉铃直径、长度和体积间的定量关系"

图7

棉纤维长度和比强度与棉铃直径、长度和体积间的定量关系"

图8

棉铃体积与棉铃直径和铃长度的定量关系"

表3

生产30 cN tex-1和31 cN tex-1纤维比强度所需要的铃体积、铃直径、铃长度、铃期和脱叶催熟剂喷施时的棉铃铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)及脱叶催熟剂的喷施时间"

性状
Trait		 生产纤维比强度>31 cN tex-1
要求的参数
Values for producing >30 cN tex-1
fiber strength		 生产纤维比强度>30 cN tex-1
要求的参数
Values for producing >30 cN tex-1
fiber strength
铃体积Boll volume (cm3) 31.8 28.7
铃长度Boll length (mm) 49.7 47.4
铃直径Boll diameter (mm) 36.6 35.6
铃期Boll growth period (d) 60.0 56.8
比强度损伤
Fiber strength damage amount < 0.5 cN tex-1		 脱叶催熟剂喷施时的棉铃铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)
Ratio divided defoliation time by boll growth period (d/b)		 0.68 0.68
脱叶催熟剂喷施时间
Defoliant application time (d)		 40.9 38.7
比强度损伤
Fiber strength damage amount <
0 cN tex-1		 脱叶催熟剂喷施时的棉铃铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)
Ratio divided defoliation time by boll growth period (d/b)		 0.72 0.68
脱叶催熟剂喷施时间
Defoliant application time (d)		 43.3 41.0
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