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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 613-620.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84068

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆机采棉花实现叶片快速脱落需要的温度条件

田景山,张煦怡,张丽娜,徐守振,祁炳琴,随龙龙,张鹏鹏,杨延龙,张旺锋(),勾玲()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院 / 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-13 接受日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 张旺锋,勾玲
  • 作者简介:tjshan1983@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31560366);引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2016-X25)

Temperatures of promoting rapid leaf abscission of cotton in Xinjiang region

TIAN Jing-Shan,ZHANG Xu-Yi,ZHANG Li-Na,XU Shou-Zhen,QI Bing-Qin,SUI Long-Long,ZHANG Peng-Peng,YANG Yan-Long,ZHANG Wang-Feng(),GOU Ling()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2018-03-13 Accepted:2018-12-24 Published:2019-04-12 Published online:2019-01-23
  • Contact: Wang-Feng ZHANG,Ling GOU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560366);Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program(2016-X25)

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摘要：

随着机采棉的快速推进, 籽棉含杂率过高导致清理工序过多及纤维不必要的损伤。新疆棉区棉花生长后期的热量资源有限, 如何合理喷施脱叶催熟剂是改善原棉品质的关键技术措施。本研究采用分期喷施脱叶催熟剂的方式, 探讨了温度变化对棉花叶片脱落率的影响及实现棉花叶片快速脱落需要的温度条件。结果表明, 在喷施脱叶催熟剂后(7.0±1.0) d内, 棉花叶片脱落率最高, 达55%~79%, 且与最高温度和每日≥12°C有效积温呈显著的线性关系。若要在喷施脱叶催熟剂后(7.0±1.0) d内实现>55%的叶片脱落率, 则应满足该时间段最高温度大于27.2°C、每日≥ 12°C有效积温大于7.0°C·日的要求。因此, 喷施脱叶催熟剂后(7.0±1.0) d内是实现良好脱叶效果的关键时间段, 期间的最高温度和每日≥12°C有效积温则是影响的关键因素。

关键词: 机采棉, 脱叶催熟, 叶片脱落, 最高温度, 有效积温

Abstract:

Machinical harvesters have increasing used in recent years, but excessive seed-cotton cleaning processes resulting from the higher foreign matter of mechanically harvested cotton cause unintended fiber damage. How to apply the defoliant to improve lint quality is a dominant cultural practice, because temperatures are unstable in the Xinjiang cotton belt with minimum dropping sharply in early autumn. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between temperatures and the rapid leaf abscission of cotton. The cotton leaf abscission rate was the highest, being from 55% to 79% at (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application. And growing degree days (GDD) and maximum temperature were positively correlated with the cotton leaf abscission during (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application. If obtaining more than 55% leaf abscission at (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application, the maximum temperature and GDD should be more than 27.2°C and 7.0°C day, respectively. Therefore, the critical period promoting the good leaf abscission of cotton is during (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application, and the dominant temperature factors influencing cotton leaf abscission are the maximum temperature and growing degree days.

Key words: mechanically harvested cotton, defoliation, lead abscission, maximum temperature, growing degree days

表1

脱叶催熟剂试验中的棉花品种、播种日期、脱叶催熟剂喷施时间和调查时间"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experiment plot		 “新陆早”系列品种序号
No. of “Xinluzao”
cotton cultivars		 播种日期
Bowing dates
(month/day)		 脱叶催熟剂
喷施时间
Defoliation times
(month/day)		 叶片数调查时间
(喷施脱叶剂后天数)
Investigation times of leaf number (days after
defoliant application)
2017 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 33, 59 4/22 8/8, 8/16, 8/24 8, 16, 23, 29, 36
2016 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 6, 13, 33, 45 4/21 8/18, 8/25, 9/4 6, 13, 19, 26
新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站
Wulanwusu Agrometeorological
Experiment Station		 33 4/15 8/11, 8/20, 8/27 6, 13, 20, 28
59 4/8, 4/15 8/11, 8/20, 8/27 6, 13, 20, 28
59 4/22 8/20, 8/27, 9/3 7, 14, 21, 29
2014 新疆兵团第八师一四九团三连
Third company Regimental Farm 149, the Eighth Division		 45 4/20 9/12, 9/19 7, 14, 20, 28
2013 新疆兵团第八师一四九团三连
Third company Regimental Farm 149, the Eighth Division		 45 4/20 9/8, 9/15 7, 14

图1

喷施脱叶催熟剂后不同时间段棉花叶片脱叶率的变化 图中粗实线表示该组数据的平均值, 标以不同小写字母的值在0.05水平差异显著。"

表2

喷施脱叶催熟剂后不同时间段的温度与叶片脱落率的方差分析"

喷施脱叶剂后天数
Days after defoliant application (d)		 0 to (7.0±1.0) d (7.0±1.0) to (15.0±1.6) d (15.0±1.6) to (21.0±1.6) d
样本数 n 27 29 25
平均温度 Average temperature (°C) 0.0013 -0.9367 -0.0162
最低温度 Minimum temperature (°C) 0.0163 0.6753 -0.0176
最高温度 Maximum temperature (°C) 0.0001 -0.6865 -0.2982
日温差 Diurnal temperature range (°C) 0.2399 -0.3817 0.2174
各时段≥12°C有效积温 GDD accumulation baseline 12 °C (°C) 0.0078 -0.3337 -0.0807
每日≥12°C有效积温 GDD baseline 12 °C (°C day) 0.0013 -0.9367 -0.0162

图2

脱叶催熟剂喷施后(7.0±1.0) d内叶片脱落率与平均温度(a)、最低温度(b)、最高温度(c)和有效积温(d, e)变化的关系"

表3

喷施脱叶催熟剂后(7.0±1.0) d内实现>55%叶片脱叶速率所需要的温度条件"

项目
Item		 叶片脱落率 Leaf abscission rate
> 55% > 60% > 65%
最高温度Maximum temperature (°C) 27.2 28.2 29.2
每日≥12°C有效积温GDD baseline 12 °C (°C day) 7.0 8.3 9.6
最低温度Minimum temperature (°C) 10.8 12.4 13.9

图3

新疆棉区各市县适宜喷施脱叶催熟剂的时间 市县的选择依据是2010-2015年各市县的棉花平均播种面积占新疆总播种面积的比例>1%。横坐标是日序, 244为9月1日。"

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