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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (08): 1478-1490.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01478

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施氮水平对超高产夏玉米氮磷钾积累与分配的影响

景立权1,赵福成1,2,王德成1,袁建华3,陆大雷1,陆卫平1,*   

  1. 1扬州大学农学院 / 农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009;2浙江省东阳玉米研究所,浙江东阳322100;3江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-15 修回日期:2013-04-22 出版日期:2013-08-12 网络出版日期:2013-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 陆卫平, E-mail: wplu@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979377
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30971731,31000684,31271640)和江苏省三项工程项目[SX(2010)086]资助。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium of Summer Maize under Super-High Yield Conditions

JING Li-Quan1,ZHAO Fu-Cheng1,2,WANG De-Cheng1,YUAN Jian-Hua2,LU Da-Lei1,LU Wei-Ping1,*   

  1. 1Agronomy College of Yangzhou / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China;2 Dongyang Institute of Maize Research, Dongyang 322100, China; 3 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
  • Received:2012-11-15 Revised:2013-04-22 Published:2013-08-12 Published online:2013-05-22
  • Contact: 陆卫平, E-mail: wplu@yzu.edu.cn, Tel: 0514-87979377

摘要:

为探明不同施氮水平下玉米超高产(13 500 kg hm-2)群体氮磷钾积累及分配规律,通过苏玉20、浚单20两品种3年不同氮肥运筹方案的试验,实现了籽粒最高产量14 753 kg hm-2的目标。结果表明:(1)随着生育进程,两品种氮磷钾在植株、籽粒中积累逐渐增大,在叶片、茎秆、叶鞘中呈先单峰变化趋势,叶片氮钾峰值在大口期,磷峰值在开花期。增大灌浆期植株氮积累量及叶片氮转移率,促使成熟期籽粒氮磷较大积累量,利于超高产玉米群体的形成。(2)籽粒产量、1 kg氮生产籽粒量、氮肥的农学效率、氮素利用率、植株(及叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、籽粒等器官)氮磷钾含量在450 kg hm-2施氮水平达到最大值,其值(苏玉20)分别为14753 kg hm-244.0 kg19.24%38.63%335.4 kg hm-2178.2 kg hm-2230.7 kg hm-2,过高过低施氮均使氮磷钾积累量及产量下降。(3)由两品种产量与施氮水平的回归方程,确定了超高产时的最佳施氮量、超高产施氮水平和最佳施氮范围,苏玉20分别为457.0 kg hm-2418.3~495.7 kg hm-2418.5~495.4 kg hm-2;浚单20分别为452.7 kg hm-2(最佳施氮量)410.8~494.6 kg hm-2 (最佳施氮范围)

关键词: Maize, Nitrogen Application, Super-high yield, NPN, Accumulation and distribution

Abstract:

Establishing a high quality population is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield. Nitrogen (N) application is one of the most important practices in maize (Zea mays L.) production and plays a critical role in regulating population quality. To explore the effects of N application on accumulation and distribution of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of summer maize under the conditions of super-high yield (≥13 500 kg ha-1), we planted two maize cultivars (Suyu 20 and Xundan 20), wtih different N application levels across three years, and the highest grain yield reached to14 753 kg ha-1. The results showed that in the growth process, N, P, K accumulation increased gradually in the plants and grains of Suyu 20 and Xundan 20, and showed a curvilinear change in leaves, stems and sheatheswith a peak value at trumpeting stage and anthesis stage, respectively. The increasing of N accumulation and transfer rate in leaves at filling stage promoted the N and P accumulation of grain at mature stage, leading to super-high yield groups. In Suyu 20, yield, grain production per kg N, N agronomy efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N, P, K content in leaves, stems and sheathes were the highest at 450 kg ha-1 which were 14 753 kg ha-1, 44.0 kg, 19.24%, 38.63%, 335.4 kg ha-1, 178.2 kg ha-1, 230.7 kg ha-1, respectively. But N, P, K accumulation and yield decreased when N application level was too high or too low. According to the regression equations between N application rate and yield of two varieties, for Xundan 20 the optimal N amount was 457.0 kg ha-1, the range of optimum N was 418.5-495.4 kg ha-1, 418.3-495.7 kg ha-1 for super-high yield groups; and for Xundan 20, the optimal N was 452.7 kg ha-1, the range of optimum N was 410.8-494.6 kg ha-1

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen Application, Super-high yield, NPN, Accumulation and distribution

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