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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1351-1359.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03051

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

夏玉米不同栽培模式花后叶片光合性能的差异

李静, 王洪章, 刘鹏*(), 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-29 接受日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 刘鹏
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xli3260@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究是由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106);本研究是由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300603);国家自然科学基金项目(31771713);国家自然科学基金项目(3207150188);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目资助(SDAIT-02-08)

Differences in photosynthetic performance of leaves at post-flowering stage in different cultivation modes of summer maize (Zea mays L.)

LI Jing, WANG Hong-Zhang, LIU Peng*(), ZHANG Ji-Wang, ZHAO Bin, REN Bai-Zhao   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-08-29 Accepted:2020-12-01 Published:2021-07-12 Published online:2021-01-04
  • Contact: LIU Peng
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300106);This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300603);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771713);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3207150188);the Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08)

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摘要：

光合作用是作物生长发育及产量形成的重要生理过程, 不同栽培模式会显著影响夏玉米花后叶片光合性能。本研究于2018—2019年设置大田试验, 以登海605为试验材料, 当地农户栽培管理模式(farmer management mode, FP)为对照, 通过综合优化种植密度、肥料运筹和种植方式等措施设置超高产栽培模式(super high yield mode, SH)、高产高效栽培模式(high-yield and efficient mode, HH)。分析不同栽培模式叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、气体交换参数和快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)等的变化特点, 探究栽培模式对夏玉米花后叶片光合性能的调控效应。结果表明, 不同栽培模式可显著影响夏玉米成熟期群体生物量, SH、HH模式较FP两年分别平均提高27.77%和7.43%, 且HH模式花后群体生物量显著增加。不同栽培模式夏玉米花后叶片光合速率均呈现下降趋势, 吐丝后30 d (R1+30 d)时下降幅度较大。与FP相比, SH、HH在R1和R1+30 d净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate, Pn)显著提高, 可维持较高的光合能力, 分别提高21.63%、12.96%和35.37%、12.37%; 另外, 气孔导度(stomatal conductance, Gs)分别提高18.36%、16.66%和26.16%、10.74%, 胞间二氧化碳浓度(intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, Ci)分别降低12.85%、7.34%和14.08%、9.75%, 不同栽培模式间光合性能的差异是由非气孔因素引起的。SH、HH的Wk和Vj较FP显著降低, 表明其PSII反应中心供、受体侧性能均有明显改善, 增大了PSII电子传递效率(φE0)及向下游传递电子的能力, PSII反应中心活性及PSII与PSI之间的协调性提高。因此, SH、HH处理有效地改善了光系统性能, 提高光合速率、延长了叶片光合高值持续期, 是群体生物量增加, 实现高产的原因。

关键词: 夏玉米, 栽培模式, 光合性能, 叶绿素荧光参数

Abstract:

Photosynthesis plays an important role in crop growth and yield formation. Different cultivation patterns can significantly affect the photosynthetic performance of leaves at post-flowering stage in summer maize. In order to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the photosynthetic performance of summer maize leaves at post-flowering stage, field experiments were carried out with Denghai 605 maize hybrid variety as experimental material from 2018 to 2019 in Tai’an, Shandong, China. With the local farmer management mode (FP) as the control, the super-high-yield cultivation mode (SH) and high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode (HH) by comprehensively optimizing the planting density, fertilizer planting and management mode were set in this study. Leaf area index, chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP) were evaluated, which indicated significant differences in biomass of different cultivation modes at maturity stage. Compared with FP, the biomass of SH and HH increased by 27.77% and 7.43%, respectively, and the population biomass at post-flowering stage of HH increased significantly as well. Besides, the photosynthetic rate all declined in different cultivation modes, reaching the highest degree of decline on the 30th day at post-flowering stage (R1+30 d). In contrast with FP, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of SH and HH increased at post-flowering stage stage (R1) by 21.63% and 12.96%, respectively, and on the 30th day (R1+30 d) at post-flowering stage by 35.37% and 12.37%, respectively, which could maintain a higher level of photosynthetic capacity. In addition, these results revealed that the differences of net photosynthetic rate among the different cultivation modes were caused by non-stomatal factors. The stomatal conductance (Gs) of SH and HH was increased at the silking stage by 18.36%, 16.66%, 26.16%, and 10.74%, respectively, and while on the 30th day at post-flowering stage intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci) declined by 12.85%, 7.34%, 14.08%, and 9.75%, respectively. Compared with FP, Wk and Vj of SH and HH significantly decreased, indicating that SH and HH apparently improved the performances of both electron donor and acceptor sides of electron transport chain in PSII reaction center, the quantum yield of electron transfer (φE0), the electron transfer ability as well as the reaction center activities of PSII and the coordination between PSI and PSII. In conclusion, SH and HH effectively improved the photosystems performance, increased the net photosynthetic rate, and prolonged duration of high photosynthesis rate, resulting in the increase of the population biomass and high yield.

Key words: summer maize, cultivation modes, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

表1

播前试验田0~20 cm土层养分含量"

年份
Year		 有机质
Soil organic matter
(g kg-1)		 速效氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
2018 9.22 70.54 35.75 137.57
2019 9.51 72.54 32.25 135.35

图1

玉米生育期内的日平均气温、日光合有效辐射、日降雨量"

表2

密度及肥料运筹"

处理
Treatment		 种植密度
Planting density
(plant hm-2)		 行距
Row spacing (cm)		 肥料类型
Fertilizer		 肥料用量
Dosage
(kg hm-2)		 比例Proportion
播种
Seeding		 大口
V12		 开花
VT		 乳熟
R3
SH 82,500 80+40 有机肥
Organic fertilizer		 7500 100%
N 540 30% PU+10% U 30% U 20% U 10% U
P2O5 180 100%
K2O 360 75% 25%
HH 82,500 60+60 有机肥
Organic fertilizer		 7500 100%
N 225 30% PU+10% U 30% U 20% U 10% U
P2O5 150 100%
K2O 300 75% 25%
FP 67,500 60+60 种肥同播, 复合肥 (N-P2O5-K2O=14-16-15) 750 kg hm-2
Compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=14-16-15) 750 kg hm-2

图2

栽培模式对夏玉米群体生物量的影响 SH: 超高产模式; HH: 高产高效模式; FP: 农户管理模式; R1: 吐丝期; R6: 成熟期。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图3

栽培模式对夏玉米花后叶片气体交换参数的影响 SH: 超高产模式; HH: 高产高效模式; FP: 农户管理模式; R1: 吐丝期; R1+15: 吐丝后15 d; R1+30: 吐丝后30 d; R1+45: 吐丝后45 d。 *和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上处理之间差异显著。不同小写字母表示P < 0.05差异显著。"

表3

夏玉米不同栽培模式花后比叶重、叶面积指数及叶绿素含量的差异"

年份
Years		 处理
Treatment		 比叶重
Specific leaf weight
(mg cm-2)		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 叶绿素a含量
Chlorophyll a
(mg dm-2)		 叶绿素b含量
Chlorophyll b
(mg dm-2)		 叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b
R1 R1+30 d R1 R1+30 d R1 R1+30 d R1 R1+30 d R1 R1+30 d
2018 SH 4.75 a 4.38 a 6.2 a 5.3 a 5.53 a 5.04 a 2.70 a 2.31 a 2.04 a 2.16 a
HH 4.63 ab 4.34 ab 5.4 b 4.8 b 5.21 b 4.77 b 2.66 a 2.26 ab 1.95 b 2.11 ab
FP 4.53 b 4.11 b 4.8 c 4.5 c 5.06 b 4.59 c 2.63 a 2.24 b 1.92 b 2.05 b
2019 SH 4.69 a 4.39 a 7.1 a 6.6 a 5.42 a 5.01 a 2.71 a 2.35 a 1.99 a 2.13 a
HH 4.55 ab 4.30 a 6.1 b 5.5 b 5.18 b 4.71 b 2.67 a 2.25 ab 1.94 b 2.09 ab
FP 4.38 b 4.16 ab 5.0 c 4.6 c 5.04 c 4.52 c 2.66 a 2.21 b 1.90 b 2.04 b

图4

栽培模式对夏玉米叶片光系统II (PSII)反应中心性能的影响 处理和缩写同图3。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图5

栽培模式对夏玉米Wk与Vj的影响 处理和缩写同图3。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

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