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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1360-1371.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02053

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对四川盆地杂交籼稻米饭食味品质的影响

李博, 张驰, 曾玉玲, 李秋萍, 任洪超, 卢慧, 杨帆, 陈虹, 王丽, 陈勇, 任万军*(), 邓飞*()   

  1. 四川农业大学 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室, 四川温江 611130
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-11 接受日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 任万军,邓飞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: libo5250@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD03000105);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300506);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301702);本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD030141-04);四川省育种攻关项目资助(2016NYZ0051)

Effects of sowing date on eating quality of indica hybrid rice in Sichuan Basin

LI Bo, ZHANG Chi, ZENG Yu-Ling, LI Qiu-Ping, REN Hong-Chao, LU Hui, YANG Fan, CEHN Hong, WANG Li, CHEN Yong, REN Wan-Jun*(), DENG Fei*()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Sichuan Province, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-08-11 Accepted:2020-12-01 Published:2021-07-12 Published online:2021-01-04
  • Contact: REN Wan-Jun,DENG Fei
  • Supported by:
    The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD03000105);The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300506);The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301702);The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD030141-04);the Sichuan Breeding Breakthrough Project(2016NYZ0051)

摘要:

为明确播期对四川盆地杂交籼稻米饭食味品质的影响, 以杂交籼稻宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为试验材料, 在四川大邑、南部、射洪3个地点设置大田播期试验, 利用米饭食味计和硬度黏度仪, 研究了不同地点间播期对杂交籼稻米饭外观、口感、综合评分、以及硬度和黏度的影响。结果表明: (1) 杂交籼稻的米饭食味品质是地点、品种、播期及其互作共同作用的结果。(2) 不同播期间, 米饭外观、口感和综合评分均表现为宜香优2115>川优6203>F优498, 硬度值则以F优498最高, 优质品种宜香优2115米饭食味品质明显较优; 不同地点间, 适宜推迟播期则可提高米饭外观、口感、综合评分, 进而提高米饭食味品质。(3) 相关分析表明, 综合评分与播种-抽穗期的积温和降雨量分别呈极显著正相关和显著负相关, 与抽穗-成熟期积温和日照时数, 以及全生育期降雨量呈显著或极显著负相关。(4) GGE模型分析表明, 在大邑播期推迟10 d具有较好的综合评分且稳定性好; 在南部和射洪, 播期推迟10~20 d具有较高的综合评分, 且稳定性较好。综合来看, 在四川盆地, 播期推迟10~20 d可以使水稻灌浆结实期处于较合理的温光环境, 进而有效改善杂交籼稻的米饭食味品质, 提高综合评分和稳定性。

关键词: 播期, 四川盆地, 水稻, 食味品质, 食味计

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of sowing date on the eating quality of indica hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted in Dayi, Nanbu, and Shehong, Sichuan province, using indica hybrid rice Yixiangyou 2115, F you 498, and Chuanyou 6203 as experimental materials. The effects of sowing dates in different locations on the appearance, taste, comprehensive score, hardness and viscosity of indica hybrid rice were investigated using the rice taste analyzer and the hardness and viscosity analyzer. The results showed as follows: (1) Location, variety, sowing date, and their interaction had significant influences on eating quality of indica hybrid rice. (2) The appearance, taste, and comprehensive score of rice were ranked as Yixiangyou 2115 > Chuanyou 6203 > F you 498 at each sowing date, while F you 498 possessed the highest hardness value, which indicated that the eating quality of Yixiangyou 2115 was obviously greater than others. The appearance, taste and comprehensive score of rice could be improved with appropriate delaying of sowing date at different locations, and then the quality of rice can be improved. (3) The correlation analysis showed that the comprehensive score was significantly and positively associated with the accumulated temperature, but negatively related to the rainfall from sowing stage to heading stage. Comprehensive score also significantly and negatively correlated to the accumulated temperature, sunshine hours from heading stage to maturity stage, as well as the rainfall during the whole growth period. (4) According to GGE model, a higher comprehensive score and stability was observed in Dayi by ten days postponing at sowing date; Whereas, 10 to 20 days delay at sowing date could improve both comprehensive score and stability in Nanbu and Shehong. In conclusion, the delayed sowing date of 10-20 days leaded to a more reasonable temperature and light condition during the grain filling stage of rice in Sichuan basin, thus contributed to the improvement in eating quality of indica hybrid rice by increasing both comprehensive score and stability.

Key words: sowing date, Sichuan basin, rice, eating quality, taste analyzer

表1

3个地点试验田土壤理化性质"

试点
Location
pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)
全氮
Total N content
(g kg-1)
全磷
Total P content
(g kg-1)
全钾
Total K content
(g kg-1)
碱解氮 Available N (mg kg-1) 速效磷 Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾 Available K (mg kg-1)
大邑Dayi 6.04 32.97 2.94 0.77 13.81 97.74 32.11 112.67
南部Nanbu 7.39 31.95 1.28 0.36 10.62 55.97 50.88 96.32
射洪Shehong 7.52 26.69 1.40 0.60 12.20 62.04 85.83 128.52

图1

3个地点2018-2019年气象数据 a: 大邑; b: 南部; c: 射洪。本试验水稻生长季大邑点2018年为3月25日至10月1日, 2019年为3月25日至10月3日; 南部点2018年为3月20日至9月25日, 2019年为3月20日至9月30日; 射洪点2018年为3月22日至9月27日, 2019年为3月22日至10月1日。"

表2

米饭食味值联合方差分析(F值)"

变异来源
Source of variation
综合评分
Comprehensive score
外观
Appearance
口感
Taste
硬度
Hardness
黏度
Viscosity
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
地点
Location
234.23** 133.68** 89.05** 69.83** 9.73** 10.96** 2.46 17.54** 13.12** 2.46
播期
Sowing date
61.42** 30.92** 58.45** 42.87** 38.43** 13.34** 1.75 5.68** 1.15 6.15**
品种
Variety
1181.41** 464.29** 586.89** 173.56** 467.00** 136.24** 181.53** 113.86** 64.95** 9.15**
地点×播期
Location × sowing date
20.35** 6.32** 14.86** 8.64** 10.55** 2.71* 3.61** 3.91** 2.66* 55.89**
地点×品种
Location × variety
23.39** 20.80** 21.06** 18.27** 14.19** 13.91** 0.51 5.34** 2.80* 3.67**
播期×品种
Sowing date × variety
13.05** 27.72** 21.50** 18.53** 19.53** 10.89** 2.99* 1.67 1.06 1.29
地点×播期×品种
Location × sowing date × variety
15.72** 34.42** 27.48** 16.60** 13.28** 12.05** 1.69 1.73 1.24 1.39

表3

播期对米饭食味品质的影响"

播期
Sowing date
综合评分 Comprehensive score 外观 Appearance 口感 Taste 硬度 Hardness 黏度Viscosity
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
A1 77.10 b 81.45 b 6.66 b 7.07 b 6.49 b 7.00 b 3.09 b 2.43 b 0.23 a 0.34 a
A2 77.01 b 81.41 b 6.48 c 6.89 c 6.39 c 6.98 b 3.19 ab 2.47 b 0.22 a 0.37 a
A3 78.14 a 80.58 c 6.91 a 7.01 b 6.60 a 6.99 b 3.19 ab 2.75 a 0.20 a 0.29 b
A4 75.19 c 82.80 a 6.49 c 7.39 a 6.37 c 7.25 a 3.32 a 2.68 a 0.21 a 0.27 b

表4

地点和播期对米饭食味品质的影响"

地点
Location
播期
Sowing date
综合评分
Comprehensive score
外观
Appearance
口感
Taste
硬度
Hardness
黏度
Viscosity
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
大邑
Dayi
A1 75.16 a 80.16 a 6.58 a 6.79 b 6.51 ab 6.96 bc 3.29 ab 2.44 c 0.16 a 0.36 a
A2 74.23 b 80.17 a 6.30 b 6.81 b 6.41 bc 7.07 ab 2.98 b 2.73 bc 0.19 a 0.36 a
A3 75.71 a 77.96 b 6.60 a 6.66 b 6.59 a 6.84 c 3.08 b 3.32 a 0.19 a 0.22 b
A4 73.93 b 80.93 a 6.39 b 7.12 a 6.31 c 7.20 a 3.50 a 2.79 b 0.20 a 0.24 b
平均Average 74.76 C 79.80 C 6.47 C 6.84 C 6.46 B 7.02 B 3.21 AB 2.82 A 0.18 B 0.30 B
南部
Nanbu
A1 79.62 b 80.88 c 7.01 a 6.97 b 6.71 a 6.86 b 2.70 b 2.60 a 0.23 a 0.37 a
A2 80.57 a 81.83 b 6.81 b 6.99 b 6.50 b 6.92 b 3.17 a 2.54 a 0.20 a 0.43 a
A3 79.10 b 81.51 bc 7.03 a 7.02 b 6.76 a 6.96 b 3.26 a 2.58 a 0.21 a 0.29 b
A4 76.31 c 82.91 a 6.66 c 7.46 a 6.39 b 7.18 a 3.25 a 2.64 a 0.20 a 0.26 b
平均Average 78.90 A 81.78 B 6.88 A 7.11 B 6.59 A 6.98 B 3.10 B 2.59 B 0.21 B 0.34 A
射洪
Shehong
A1 76.52 b 83.31 b 6.39 b 7.47 ab 6.23 c 7.19 b 3.28 a 2.25 b 0.29 a 0.30 a
A2 76.23 b 82.23 c 6.33 b 6.87 c 6.26 c 6.96 c 3.42 a 2.13 b 0.28 a 0.33 a
A3 79.61 a 82.27 c 7.10 a 7.34 b 6.92 a 7.17 b 3.22 a 2.35 ab 0.22 b 0.35 a
A4 75.33 c 84.56 a 6.42 b 7.60 a 6.40 b 7.38 a 3.21 a 2.61 a 0.21 b 0.31 a
平均Average 76.93 B 83.09 A 6.56 B 7.32 A 6.45 B 7.17 A 3.28 A 2.34 C 0.25 A 0.32 AB

图2

GGE双标图分析播期-地点(a)和播期-品种(b)适应性 图中数字1、2、3、4分别代表第1、第2、第3、第4播期; DY: 大邑; NB: 南部; SH: 射洪。G代表品种, 后面的数字1、2、3分别代表宜香优2115、F优498、川优6203。图a、b中2018、2019代表年份。"

表5

播期和品种对米饭食味品质的影响"

品种
Variety
播期
Sowing date
综合评分
Comprehensive
score
外观
Appearance
口感
Taste
硬度
Hardness
黏度
Viscosity
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
宜香优2115
Yixiangyou 2115
A1 81.97 a 82.68 b 7.21 a 7.19 b 7.04 a 7.12 b 2.08 b 1.89 b 0.21 a 0.33 ab
A2 82.11 a 83.47 b 7.30 a 7.12 b 7.16 a 7.17 b 2.55 a 1.99 b 0.25 a 0.36 a
A3 81.66 a 85.40 a 7.30 a 7.70 a 7.06 a 7.60 a 2.53 a 2.03 ab 0.22 a 0.35 ab
A4 78.94 b 84.91 a 6.96 b 7.77 a 6.76 b 7.61 a 2.81 a 2.36 a 0.21 a 0.28 b
平均值Average 81.17 A 84.11 A 7.19 A 7.44 A 7.00 A 7.38 A 2.49 C 2.07 C 0.22 B 0.33 B
F优498
F you 498
A1 71.46 b 78.34 b 6.14 b 6.73 b 5.96 b 6.63 b 4.23 a 3.06 b 0.15 a 0.25 ab
A2 72.07 b 77.52 c 5.67 d 6.43 c 5.54 d 6.59 b 3.93 a 3.11 b 0.14 a 0.26 a
A3 74.38 a 76.27 d 6.62 a 6.50 c 6.43 a 6.52 b 4.10 a 3.58 a 0.13 a 0.17 c
A4 69.81 c 80.39 a 5.91 c 7.12 a 5.79 c 6.00 a 4.10 a 3.30 ab 0.12 a 0.18 bc
平均值Average 71.93 C 78.13 C 6.09 C 6.70 C 5.93 C 6.66 C 4.09 A 3.26 A 0.13 C 0.21 C
川优6203
Chuanyou 6203
A1 77.88 a 83.32 a 6.62 b 7.30 a 6.46 b 7.24 a 2.97 a 2.34 ab 0.32 a 0.45 a
A2 76.86 b 83.24 a 6.48 c 7.11 b 6.47 b 7.19 a 3.09 a 2.30 b 0.28 ab 0.49 a
A3 78.39 a 80.07 b 6.81 a 6.82 c 6.78 a 6.84 b 2.94 a 2.64 a 0.26 b 0.35 b
A4 76.82 b 83.10 a 6.60 bc 7.29 a 6.56 b 7.24 a 3.05 a 2.39 ab 0.28 ab 0.36 b
平均值Average 77.49 B 82.43 B 6.63 B 7.13 B 6.56 B 7.13 B 3.01 B 2.42 B 0.28 A 0.41 A

图3

基于GGE双标图分析播期和综合评分的稳定性 图中G代表品种, 后面的数字1、2、3代表品种, 即宜香优2115、F优498、川优6203; 2018、2019代表年份; DY: 大邑(a); NB: 南部(b); SH: 射洪(c); 地点后面的数字1、2、3、4分别代表第1、第2、第3、第4播期。"

表6

气象因子与综合评分相关性分析"

气象因子
Meteorological factors
生态点
Location
播种-抽穗期
S-H
抽穗-成熟期
H-M
全生育期
Whole growth period
日平均温度
Daily average temperature
大邑Dayi -0.037 -0.224 -0.237
南部Nanbu -0.239 -0.185 -0.411*
射洪Shehomg -0.148 -0.328 -0.512*
3个生态点 3 ecological points -0.005 -0.039 -0.048
积温
Accumulated temperature
大邑Dayi -0.040 -0.464* -0.131
南部Nanbu 0.486* -0.364 0.354
射洪Shehomg 0.587** -0.646** 0.099
3个生态点 3 ecological points 0.354** -0.343** -0.179
日照时数
Sunshine hours
大邑Dayi -0.380 -0.578** -0.504*
南部Nanbu -0.181 -0.378 -0.295
射洪Shehomg 0.492* -0.549** 0.522**
3个生态点 3 ecological points 0.001 -0.275** -0.130
降雨量
Rainfall
大邑Dayi -0.520** -0.141 -0.597**
南部Nanbu -0.114 0.301 0.282
射洪Shehomg 0.330 0.506* -0.051
3个生态点 3 ecological points -0.267* -0.013 -0.246*

表7

抽穗至成熟期气象因子对综合评分的作用"

气象因子
Meteorological factors
通径系数 Path coefficient 贡献率
Contribution rate
直接作用
Direct effect
间接作用 Indirect effect
日平均温度
Daily average temperature
积温
Accumulated temperature
日照时数
Sunshine hours
降雨量
Rainfall
大邑 Dayi
日平均温度Daily average temperature 0.338 -0.014 -0.515 -0.033 0.076
积温 Accumulated temperature -0.269 0.018 -0.187 -0.025 0.125
日照时数 Sunshine hours -0.748 0.233 -0.067 0.005 0.432
降雨量 Rainfall -0.184 0.061 -0.037 0.019 0.026
南部 Nanbu
日平均温度Daily average temperature 0.311 0.030 -0.383 -0.143 -0.058
积温 Accumulated temperature -0.221 -0.042 -0.049 -0.053 0.077
日照时数 Sunshine hours -0.495 0.240 -0.022 -0.101 0.187
降雨量 Rainfall 0.222 -0.200 0.053 0.266 0.067
射洪 Shehong
日平均温度Daily average temperature -0.067 -0.122 -0.356 0.217 0.022
积温 Accumulated temperature -0.606 -0.013 -0.249 0.222 0.391
日照时数 Sunshine hours -0.411 -0.058 -0.367 0.287 0.226
降雨量 Rainfall -0.322 0.045 0.417 0.366 -0.163
3个地点 3 locations
日平均温度Daily average temperature 0.236 -0.119 -0.290 0.134 -0.009
积温 Accumulated temperature -0.409 0.069 -0.124 0.122 0.140
日照时数 Sunshine hours -0.397 0.173 -0.128 0.077 0.109
降雨量 Rainfall -0.228 -0.139 0.219 0.134 0.003
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