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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1822-1831.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12021

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

再生稻头季和再生季稻米重金属含量的比较研究

袁珅(), 彭少兵()   

  1. 作物遗传改良国家重点实验室 / 湖北洪山实验室 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 湖北武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-26 接受日期:2021-10-20 出版日期:2022-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 彭少兵
  • 作者简介:E-mail: syuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(32061143038);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻, CARS-01-20)资助

Comparison of grain heavy metal concentration between main and ratoon seasons of ratoon rice

YUAN Shen(), PENG Shao-Bing()   

  1. National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2021-03-26 Accepted:2021-10-20 Published:2022-07-12 Published online:2021-11-15
  • Contact: PENG Shao-Bing
  • Supported by:
    Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143038);Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (Rice, CARS-01-20)

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摘要：

稻米镉(Cd)和砷(As)污染已经引起了广泛的关注。再生稻种植面积逐渐扩大并且越来越受农民的欢迎。但是, 目前关于再生稻稻米重金属污染的研究还很少。因此, 本研究目的是分析再生稻稻米Cd和As含量并比较稻米Cd和As含量在头季和再生季之间的差异。该研究于2016年在湖北省12个主要再生稻种植地区进行, 在每个采样点选取3块有代表性的农民种植的再生稻田块, 取样并测定头季和再生季稻米Cd和As元素的含量。与头季相比, 再生季稻米Cd含量在5个采样点显著增加, 在3个采样点显著降低, 在其他4个采样点没有显著变化。与稻米Cd含量表现不同的是, 再生季稻米As含量在12个采样点中均显著低于头季。在12个采样点中, 再生季稻米As含量为68.6~147.4 μg kg-1, 比头季稻米As含量低36.5%~77.4%。值得注意的是, 在所有采样点中, 再生季稻米As含量都低于国家规定的稻米As限量标准(GB2762-2012)。试验结果表明, 在再生稻生产中不管是头季还是再生季都有可能出现稻米重金属污染的问题, 因此关于品种、环境、栽培管理特别是水分管理及这些因素的互作效应对再生稻稻米重金属含量的影响还需要更多的研究, 从而为应对稻米重金属污染问题提供理论依据。

关键词: 砷, 镉, 头季, 再生季, 再生稻

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) pollution in rice has caused global concern. Ratoon rice has been traditionally practiced and is becoming more attractive to farmers. However, information on grain heavy metal concentration of ratoon rice is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate grain Cd and As concentrations of ratoon rice and to explore the differences in grain Cd and As concentrations between main and ratoon seasons. In this study, we determined Cd and As concentrations of rice grain in main and ratoon seasons, which were collected from farmers’ fields in 12 sample plots of Hubei province in 2016. In comparison with that of main season, grain Cd of ratoon season increased and decreased in 5 and 3 out of 12 sample plots, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference in grain Cd between main and ratoon seasons in the rest of 4 sample plots. Rice ratooning significantly reduced grain As contamination of ratoon season compared with main season in all sample plots. Grain As of ratoon season across 12 sample plots was between 68.6-147.4 μg kg-1, which was 36.5%-77.4% lower than that of main season. Notably, grain As of ratoon season in 12 sample plots were lower than that of the corresponding national standard (GB2762-2012). Overall, these results indicated that grain heavy metal contamination might occur in both main and ratoon seasons of ratoon rice. This study suggested that more research on the effects of rice variety, environment, crop management especially water management and/or their interactions on grain heavy metal concentration needs to be conducted for reducing grain heavy metal concentration of ratoon rice.

Key words: arsenic, cadmium, main season, ratoon season, ratoon rice

图1

12个采样点的地理位置 地图数据来源于国家地理信息公共服务平台(http://www.tianditu.gov.cn/)。● 表示的是采样点的位置, 分别是蕲春(Qichun)、武穴(Wuxue)、浠水(Xishui)、团风(Tuanfeng)、黄州(Huangzhou)、咸宁(Xianning)、洪湖(Honghu)、监利(Jianli)、江陵(Jiangling)、荆州(Jingzhou)、沙市(Shashi)和枝江(Zhijiang)。"

表1

12个采样点的水稻品种和肥料用量"

序号
No.		 采样点
Sample plot		 水稻品种
Rice variety		 氮磷钾施用量
N-P-K rate (kg hm-2)
1 蕲春Qichun 两优6326 Liangyou 6326 300-40-180
2 武穴Wuxue 黄华占 Huanghuazhan 322-40-184
3 浠水Xishui 深两优5814 Shenliangyou 5814 280-38-121
4 团风Tuanfeng 准两优199 Zhunliangyou 199 261-26-50
5 黄州Huangzhou 新两优223 Xinliangyou 223 347-52-100
6 咸宁Xianning 准两优608 Zhunliangyou 608 277-29-149
7 洪湖Honghu 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 246-24-57
8 监利Jianli 丰优9918 Fengyou 9918 226-34-103
9 江陵Jiangling 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 201-34-143
10 荆州Jingzhou 天两优616 Tianliangyou 616 229-34-103
11 沙市Shashi 丰两优香1号 Fengliangyouxiang 1 187-36-106
12 枝江Zhijiang 两优33 Liangyou 33 338-26-62

图2

12个采样点再生稻生长阶段(从头季播种到再生季收获)的降雨量 降雨量数据来源于中国气象局气象信息中心和美国国家海洋和大气局。"

图3

12个采样点再生稻头季和再生季稻米镉(Cd)含量 蓝色虚线表示的是国家规定的稻米中Cd的限量值标准200 μg kg-1 (GB2762-2012)。不同的大写字母、同一采样点柱子上方不同的小写字母分别表示在0.05水平上12个采样点平均的头季和再生季之间、同一采样点头季和再生季之间差异显著(LSD)。"

图4

12个采样点再生稻头季和再生季稻米砷(As)含量 蓝色虚线表示的是国家规定的稻米中As的限量值标准 200 μg kg-1 (GB2762-2012)。不同的大写字母、同一采样点柱子上方不同的小写字母分别表示在0.05水平上12个采样点平均的头季和再生季之间、同一采样点头季和再生季之间差异显著(LSD)。"

表2

头季和再生季稻米镉(Cd)含量与气象因素及土壤理化性质的关系"

季节
Season		 降雨量
Precipitation		 最高温
Tmax		 最低温
Tmin		 黏土比例
Clay		 沙土比例
Sand		 pH 土壤容重
Bulk density		 阳离子交换量
CEC
头季 Main -0.02ns 0.20ns 0.39ns 0.63* -0.36ns -0.51ns -0.38ns 0.29ns
再生季 Ratoon -0.16ns 0.02ns 0.24ns 0.38ns -0.56* 0.58* 0.25ns 0.36ns
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