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295份国内外小麦种质资源条锈病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测

焦文娟1,白斌2,谢克莱·依拉木1,张飞飞1,贾秋珍3,耿洪伟1,程宇坤1,*   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学农学院 / 新疆农业大学优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐830052; 2 甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所, 甘肃兰州730070; 3 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-17 修回日期:2025-08-13 接受日期:2025-08-13 网络出版日期:2025-08-25
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由中国博士后科学基金项目(2021MD703887)资助。

Evaluation of stripe rust resistance in 295 domestic and foreign wheat germplasm resources and molecular detection of resistance genes

Jiao Wen-Juan1,Bai Bin2,Xiekelai Yilamu1,Zhang Fei-Fei1,Jia Qiu-Zhen3,Geng Hong-Wei1,Cheng Yu-Kun1,*   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Agricultural University Engineering Technology Research Center for High-quality and Special-purpose Wheat Crops, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China; 2 Wheat Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 3 Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-05-17 Revised:2025-08-13 Accepted:2025-08-13 Published online:2025-08-25
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021MD703887).

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摘要：

条锈菌强毒性小种对小麦生产造成巨大威胁，本研究通过评价295份国内外小麦品种(系)对中国当前条锈菌流行小种与致病类群在苗期和成株期的抗性水平，分析其可能含有的已知抗条锈基因，为选育持久抗条锈病新品种及抗病资源的有效利用提供参考。利用条锈菌流行小种CYR32和CYR34对品种(系)进行温室苗期抗性鉴定，并于2023—2024年在新疆陆港和甘肃清水2个田间环境下，利用由条锈菌流行小种(CYR32、CYR33、CYR34)、水源致病类群(Su11-4、Su11-5)、贵农22致病类群(G22-14)组成的混合菌进行成株期抗性鉴定。同时利用Yr9、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr80、Yr81、Yr82、Yr86、YrZH22、YrZH84共13个已知抗条锈病基因紧密连锁的侧翼分子标记或功能标记进行检测。抗性鉴定结果表明，70份品种(系)苗期对CYR32和CYR34均表现抗病性，Fr03733、矮抗58、济麦22、秦农151四个品种(系)对CYR32和CYR34均表现免疫；154份品种(系)在2个田间环境中均表现成株期抗性，43份(系)具有环境稳定高抗性；13份品种(系)苗期对CYR32和CYR34表现抗病，且成株期高抗CYR32、CYR33、CYR34、Su11-4、Su11-5、G22-14混合菌种。分子检测结果表明，11份品种(系)聚合4个抗病基因，39份品种(系)聚合3个抗病基因，82份品种(系)聚合2个抗病基因，115份品种(系)含有1个抗病基因，48份品种(系)未检测到抗性基因，推测可能携带其他已知或未知条锈病抗性基因。聚合不同Yr基因、抗性稳定的良好抗病性品种(系)可应用到抗病育种研究中。

关键词: 国内外小麦品种(系), 小麦条锈病, 抗病评价, Yr基因, 分子检测

Abstract:

Highly virulent races of stripe rust pose a serious threat to global wheat production. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of 295 domestic and international wheat varieties (lines) to the currently prevalent races and pathogenic groups of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici at both the seedling and adult plant stages. We also analyzed the presence of known stripe rust resistance genes to provide a foundation for breeding durably resistant varieties and for the effective utilization of resistant germplasm. Seedling-stage resistance was assessed under greenhouse conditions using the prevalent races CYR32 and CYR34. Adult-plant resistance was evaluated in the field during 2023–2024 at two locations—Lugang (Xinjiang) and Qingshui (Gansu)—using a composite inoculum comprising the prevalent races (CYR32, CYR33, and CYR34), the Shuiyuan pathogenic group (Su11-4 and Su11-5), and the Guinong 22 pathogenic group (G22-14). Molecular screening was performed using closely linked flanking or functional markers for 13 known resistance genes: Yr9, Yr15, Yr17, Yr18, Yr28, Yr29, Yr30, Yr80, Yr81, Yr82, Yr86, YrZH22, and YrZH84. Resistance identification results showed that 72 varieties (lines) were resistant to CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage. Four varieties (Fr03733, Aikang 58, Jimai 22, and Qinnong 151) displayed immune responses to both races. A total of 154 accessions showed adult-plant resistance across both field environments, with 43 accessions exhibiting consistently high levels of resistance (HR). Thirteen accessions demonstrated resistance to both CYR32 and CYR34 at the seedling stage and high adult-plant resistance to the composite pathogen mixture (CYR32, CYR33, CYR34, Su11-4, Su11-5, and G22-14). Molecular detection revealed that 11 varieties (lines) carried four resistance genes, 39 carried three, 82 carried two, 115 carried one, and 48 varieties (lines) did not carry any of the tested genes. It is speculated that these varieties may possess other known or novel stripe rust resistance genes. The combination of different Yr genes and stable, highly resistant varieties (lines) identified in this study provides valuable resources for future wheat breeding programs targeting durable stripe rust resistance.

Key words: domestic and international wheat varieties (lines), wheat stripe rust, disease resistance evaluation, Yr genes, molecular detection

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