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基于“标准差系数加权法”的水稻全生育期耐盐碱鉴定与资源筛选

孙现军1,于太飞1,胡正1, 申鑫萍1,戈文艺2,姜雪敏2,王世佳2,于思佳2,武书羽2,韩龙植1,张辉1,*,姜奇彦1,3,*   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室, 北京 100081; 2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农业农村部粮食作物基因资源评价利用重点实验室, 北京 100081; 3 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心, 山东东营 257000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 姜奇彦, E-mail: jiangqiyan@caas.cn; 张辉, E-mail: zhanghui06@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200501), 山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(ZDYF2023LZGC001), 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP No. CAAS-ZDRW202407, 01-ICS-02), 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2025JC23)和江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心和现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心项目(CIC-MCP)资助。

Assessment of salt-alkali tolerance throughout the rice growth period and germplasm screening based on the coefficient of standard deviation weighting method

SUN Xian-Jun1,YU Tai-Fei1,HU Zheng1,SHEN Xin-Ping1,GE Wen-Yi2,JIANG Xue-Min2,WANG Shi-Jia2,YU Si-Jia2,WU Shu-Yu2,HAN Long-Zhi1,ZHANG Hui1,*,JIANG Qi-Yan1,3,*   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Grain Crop Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utlization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying 257000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-23
  • Contact: 姜奇彦, E-mail: jiangqiyan@caas.cn; 张辉, E-mail: zhanghui06@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1200501), the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (Agricultural Seed Improvement Project) (ZDYF2023LZGC001), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ASTIP No. CAAS-ZDRW202407, 01-ICS-02), the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (Y2025JC23), and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry (CIC-MCP).

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摘要： 在盐碱地上种植适生的水稻种质资源是有效利用盐碱地的主要途径之一，水稻全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价对精准筛选耐盐碱种质资源起着关键作用。为全面评价水稻种质资源在0.5%盐碱处理下全生育期的耐盐碱能力，本研究每隔7~10 d调查一次，采用“标准差系数加权法”综合多次调查数据，对水稻种质资源进行耐盐碱鉴定评价。该方法操作步骤如下：首先将种质资源的耐盐等级重新赋值，分别将1级、3级、5级、7级、9级的耐盐等级依次赋值为0、1、2、3、4；然后以每次调查时材料间重新赋值的标准差为动态权重系数，对水稻种质资源多次调查的耐盐等级进行加权平均计算；最后依据加权平均值计算出各材料的盐害指数，综合判定供试水稻种质资源的耐盐等级。利用上述鉴定方法对来自国内外的1200份水稻种质资源进行耐盐碱鉴定评价发现，耐盐等级为1级、2级、3级、4级、5级的水稻种质资源数量依次为32份、437份、396份、301份和34份，其中1级耐盐碱材料占比2.7%。结合0.3%盐碱胁迫下的水稻种质资源全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价结果分析表明，“R223”“12-1819”“大粮317”“秭归糯”“恩恢1899”5份水稻种质资源依据耐盐碱表型(0.5%盐碱处理下)和依据产量判定的耐盐等级(0.3%盐碱处理下)均为1级。筛选出的兼顾耐盐碱表型好和产量耐盐指数高的耐盐碱水稻资源，为后续深入研究水稻耐盐碱机制以及培育耐盐碱水稻新品种提供了宝贵的种源创新基础。

关键词: 水稻种质资源, 标准差系数加权法, 盐害指数, 全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价, 耐盐碱资源筛选

Abstract:

Cultivating suitable rice germplasm on saline-alkali land is a key strategy for the efficient utilization of such soils. Accurately evaluating salt-alkali tolerance throughout the entire growth period is essential for identifying tolerant germplasm. To comprehensively assess the salt-alkali tolerance of rice germplasm under 0.5% saline-alkali stress across the full growth period, this study conducted field surveys at 7–10 d intervals and applied the coefficient of standard deviation weighting method to integrate data from multiple assessments. The procedure involved three main steps: first, reassigning salt tolerance grades (original grades 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were converted to 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively); second, calculating the standard deviation of these reassigned values across different materials in each survey to serve as dynamic weighting coefficients; and third, computing a weighted average of salt tolerance scores for each germplasm, from which a salt damage index was derived to determine the final tolerance grade. Using this method, a total of 1,200 domestic and international rice germplasm resources were evaluated. The results showed that 32, 437, 396, 301, and 34 germplasm accessions fell into salt tolerance grades 1 through 5, respectively, with grade 1 (highest tolerance) accounting for 2.7%. When combined with results from a separate evaluation under 0.3% saline-alkali stress, five germplasm accessions—“R223”, “12-1819”, “Daliang 317”, “Ziguinuo”, and “Enhui 1899”—consistently exhibited grade 1 tolerance in both phenotypic (0.5%) and yield-based (0.3%) assessments. These elite salt-alkali tolerant rice germplasm resources, characterized by both strong phenotypic performance and high yield potential under saline-alkali stress, provide valuable genetic materials for future studies on the mechanisms of salt-alkali tolerance and for breeding new tolerant rice varieties.

Key words: rice germplasm resources, coefficient of standard deviation weighting method, salt damage index, identification and evaluation of salt-alkali tolerance throughout the growth period, screening of salt-alkali tolerant resources

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