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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3318-3333.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.65013

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生种质资源抗旱性鉴定及综合评价

吴帅霞1，尚随腾1，于冰洁1，苗昊翠1,*，万丽云2,*，侯献飞1，李强1，贾东海1，顾元国1   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所 / 农业农村部乌鲁木齐野外综合观测站, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830091; 2 江西农业大学 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室, 江西南昌 330045
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28 修回日期:2026-08-21 接受日期:2026-08-21 出版日期:2026-11-12 网络出版日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 苗昊翠, E-mail: mc09876@163.com; 万丽云, E-mail: wanliyun2019@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项“利用全基因组关联分析和QTLs发掘花生耐旱分子标记” (xinkywdzc-2023001-27), 新疆维吾尔自治区油料产业技术体系(XJARS)和江西省油料产业技术体系(JXARS-03)资助。

Drought resistance identification and comprehensive evaluation of peanut germplasm resources

Wu Shuai-Xia1,Shang Sui-Teng1,Yu Bing-Jie1,Miao Hao-Cui1,*,Wan Li-Yun2,*,Hou Xian-Fei1,Li Qiang1,Jia Dong-Hai1,Gu Yuan-Guo1   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Urumqi Field Comprehensive Observation Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China; 2 Jiangxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2026-02-28 Revised:2026-08-21 Accepted:2026-08-21 Published:2026-11-12 Published online:2026-09-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Stability Support Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences “Using Genome-wide Association Analysis and QTLs to Explore Peanut Drought Tolerance Molecular Markers” (xinkywdzc-2023001-27), the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Oilseed Industry Technology System (XJARS) and the Jiangxi Oilseed Industry Technology System (JXARS-03).

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摘要： 干旱作为主要非生物胁迫，波及全球40%耕地及60%花生产区，导致减产20%~50%。系统解析其表型响应并构建抗旱评价体系，对产业发展具有重要理论与实践价值。本研究以384份花生种质为材料，采用田间全生育期与盆栽干旱处理相结合的方法，测定农艺性状，利用隶属函数法进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明，干旱胁迫显著降低了苗期及全生育期的农艺与产量性状，各性状抗旱系数与基于隶属函数法计算的抗旱性综合度量值(D值)之间呈极显著正相关。基于D值进行聚类分析，共筛选出强抗旱型种质资源1份(濮花9号)、较强抗旱型种质资源5份(GH01648、zy-496、GH01608、粤油1821、Z5199)、较敏感型种质资源37份(贺油11、泉红花1号、W3701、zy-487、Z5189等)、干旱敏感型种质资源5份(Z5187、Z5223、zy-1097、豫花144、黎城花生)。通过综合分析表现差异较大的花生种质资源性状，发现主茎高、地上部鲜重、根鲜重和根干重的降幅可作为苗期抗旱的鉴定指标，主茎高、有效枝长、荚果鲜重、地上部鲜重、地上部干重、单株生产力和单株生物量的降幅可作为全生育期抗旱的鉴定指标。

关键词: 花生, 苗期, 全生育期, 干旱胁迫, 抗旱系数, 抗旱等级划分

Abstract: As a major abiotic stress, drought affects 40% of the world's arable land and 60% of peanut-growing regions, resulting in a 20%–50% reduction in peanut yield. Systematically analyzing the phenotypic responses of peanut to drought stress and establishing a robust drought resistance evaluation system are of great theoretical and practical value for the development of the peanut industry. In this study, 384 peanut germplasm accessions were evaluated using a combination of field-based whole-growth-period drought stress and pot-based drought treatments. Agronomic traits were measured, and drought resistance was comprehensively assessed using the membership function method. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced agronomic and yield traits at both the seedling stage and the whole growth period. The drought resistance coefficients of individual traits showed highly significant positive correlations with the comprehensive drought resistance value (D value) calculated by the membership function method. Based on cluster analysis of the D values, one highly drought-resistant germplasm accession (Puhua 9), five moderately drought-resistant accessions (GH01648, zy-496, GH01608, Yueyou 1821, Z5199), 37 moderately sensitive accessions (Heyou 11, Quanhonghua 1, W3701, zy-487, Z5189, etc.), and five sensitive accessions (Z5187, Z5223, zy-1097, Yuhua 144, Licheng Huasheng) were identified. Analysis of peanut germplasm accessions exhibiting substantial differences in overall performance revealed that reductions in main stem height, aboveground fresh weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight can serve as indicators for drought resistance at the seedling stage, while decreases in main stem height, effective branch length, pod fresh weight, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, pod yield per plant, and biomass per plant can be used as indicators for drought resistance throughout the entire growth period.

Key words: peanut, seedling stage, whole growth period, drought stress, drought resistance coefficient, drought resistance classification

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