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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (7): 1709-1720.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13042

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于温度带分区的中国粮食生产格局与热量资源利用效率研究

王凯澄(), 赵炯超, 韩桐, 石晓宇, 高真真, 薄晓智, 陈阜, 褚庆全()   

  1. 中国农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部农作制度重点实验室, 北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-02 接受日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2022-07-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 褚庆全
  • 作者简介:E-mail: s20203010006@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31871581);国家级大学生创新训练项目(202110019004)

Research on the grain production pattern and heat resource utilization efficiency based on temperature zone division in China

WANG Kai-Cheng(), ZHAO Jiong-Chao, HAN Tong, SHI Xiao-Yu, GAO Zhen-Zhen, BO Xiao-Zhi, CHEN Fu, CHU Qing-Quan()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2021-06-02 Accepted:2021-09-09 Published:2022-07-12 Published online:2021-10-19
  • Contact: CHU Qing-Quan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871581);National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110019004)

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摘要：

研究并揭示粮食生产格局及自然资源利用效率变化规律, 对于合理利用资源、保障国家粮食安全和实现可持续发展具有重要意义。本文利用ArcGIS空间分析方法, 基于1985—2015年中国县域粮食生产数据和全国683个气象站点数据, 分析了基于温度带分区的中国粮食生产格局变化及热量资源利用特征。研究表明, 在1985—2015年间, 中国粮食总产的90%左右由中温带、暖温带、北亚热带和中亚热带生产, 其占比分别为18.6%、25.6%、21.6%和25.9%。30年来一熟区的粮食产量比重增加了13.8%, 而二熟区和三熟区分别下降了2.7%和11.2%。其中一熟区的中温带粮食产量占比增加了13.9%, 播种面积和单产的同步增加是中温带粮食增产的驱动因素, 而三熟区中亚热带的粮食生产占比下降了13.9%。30年来不同温度带≥10℃年积温不断增加, 南方增温趋势较北方更明显, 但是热量资源利用效率增幅低于北方, 中国粮食生产格局变化与热量资源分布间存在“错位现象”。因此, 在进行区域粮食生产布局优化和策略制定时, 需要以区域自然资源特点为基础, 分析粮食生产与资源自然匹配的协调性, 从而提高中国粮食生产的资源利用效率。

关键词: 粮食生产, 空间格局, 温度带分区, 熟制, 热量资源利用效率

Abstract:

It is of great significance to reveal the changes of grain production pattern and natural resource utilization efficiency for rational utilization of natural resources, security of national food security, and sustainable development. Base on the data of county-scale grain production and 683 meteorological stations from 1985 to 2015 in China, ArcGIS spatial analysis method was adopted to analyze the grain production pattern changes and heat resource utilization characteristics considered temperature zone division. Studies had shown that about 90% of Chinese total grain output was produced in mid temperate, warm temperate, northern subtropical, and mid subtropical zones from 1985 to 2015, accounting for 18.6%, 25.6%, 21.6%, and 25.9%, respectively. In the past 30 years, the proportion of grain production in the single cropping region had increased by 13.8%, while it had decreased by 2.7% and 11.2% in the double and triple cropping region, respectively. The proportion of grain production had increased by 13.9% in the mid temperate zone of the single cropping region which was drove by the advance of planted acreage and yield, while the proportion decreased by 13.9% in the subtropical zones of the triple-cropping system. Over the past 30 years, the annual accumulated temperature above 10℃ had continued to increase in different temperature zones, and that was more evident in southern region than northern region. However, the increased magnitude of heat utilization efficiency for grain production in southern temperature zones was lower than northern region. There was a “dislocation phenomenon” between the changes of Chinese grain production pattern and the distributions of heat resources. Therefore, it was necessary to consider the coordination of grain production and natural resources matching as well as the characteristics of resource utilization for improving resource utilization efficiency when optimizing the layout of regional grain production and formulating strategies in China.

Key words: grain production, spatial pattern, divisions of temperature zones, multiple cropping system, heat resource utilization efficiency

图1

研究区气象站分布及高程DEM数据图 该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS (2019) 1822号的标准地图制作, 地图无修改。"

图2

中国温度带分区图"

表1

不同温度带的积温指标及土地利用状况"

熟区
Multiple cropping system		 温度带
Temperature zone		 ≥10℃年积温
Annual accumulated
temperature above 10℃ (℃ d)		 国土面积比重
Proportion of
land area (%)		 耕地面积比重
Proportion of cropland (%)
一年一熟
Single-cropping system		 寒温带Cold temperate zone 1154 0.8 0.2
中温带Middle temperate zone 2496 29.3 36.9
高原亚寒带Plateau sub-frigid zone 28 13.0 0.2
高原温带Plateau temperate zone 578 13.7 0.9
一年两熟
Double-cropping system		 暖温带Warm temperate zone 3917 16.4 23.9
北亚热带North subtropical zone 4473 6.8 14.0
高原亚热带Plateau subtropical zone 3721 0.7 0.003
一年三熟
Triple-cropping system		 中亚热带Middle subtropical zone 5017 12.4 16.6
南亚热带South subtropical zone 6489 6.1 6.5
热带Tropical zone 7574 0.9 1.0

图3

1985-2015 年中国不同温度带粮食播种面积和总产变化 I、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、HI、HII、HIII分别表示寒温带、中温带、暖温带、北亚热带、中亚热带、南亚热带、热带、高原亚寒带、高原温带、高原亚热带。"

图4

1985-2015 年中国不同温度带及熟制区粮食播种面积和产量集中度变化 SC、DC、TC分别表示一熟、二熟、三熟; 温度带缩写同图3。"

图5

1985-2015 年中国不同温度带粮食产量贡献主导类型分布情况 Y、A、Y+A、YA分别表示单产主导型、面积主导型、单产和面积主导型、互作主导型。"

图6

1985-2015 年中国不同温度带≥10℃年积温均值和气候倾向率"

图7

1985-2015 年中国不同温度带及熟制区热量资源利用效率变化 温度带和熟制区缩写同图4。"

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