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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1762-1775.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32053

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

一体化旱耕整地泡田模式对稻田还原性物质和机插秧早期生长的影响

程爽(), 邢志鹏*(), 田超, 胡群, 魏海燕, 张洪程*()   

  1. 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-08 接受日期:2024-04-02 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-04-16
  • 通讯作者: *张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn;邢志鹏, E-mail: zpxing@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1692135738@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2022338);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX[20]1012);江苏水稻产业技术体系项目(JATS[2022]485);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Effects of an integrated dryland tillage and soaking pattern on the reducing substances in rice field and early growth of machine transplanted rice

CHENG Shuang(), XING Zhi-Peng*(), TIAN Chao, HU Qun, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Cheng*()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-12-08 Accepted:2024-04-02 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-04-16
  • Contact: *E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; E-mail: zpxing@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(BE2022338);Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX[20]1012);Jiangsu Technical System of Rice Industry(JATS[2022]485);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

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摘要：

针对稻麦轮作地区稻田耕整地质量不高以及还原性物质积累不利于机插秧早期生长等问题, 探讨了应用一体化旱耕整泡田模式促进机插秧早期高质量生长的可行性。于2021—2022年在江苏省宿迁市泗洪县试验基地设置3种耕整地模式: 一体化旱耕整地+泡田模式(Treatment 1, T1)、旱旋+泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 2, T2)、泡田+水旋整地模式(Treatment 3, T3), 测定了稻田土壤氧化还原电位、不同土层还原性物质含量和机插稻生长早期根系和地上部性状。结果表明, 土壤氧化还原电位以T1最高, 在最低点较T2和T3分别提高19.3%~24.7%和31.6%~41.1%。不同耕整地模式显著影响了0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层内还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、亚铁离子和二价锰离子的含量。其中, 相较于T2和T3的均值, T1在0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层内活性还原性物质含量分别降低31.9%~37.6%和22.6%~23.5%, 亚铁离子含量分别降低30.5%~40.3%和25.3%~27.3%。这一结果主要与T1显著降低了0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层的土壤容重, 并提高了相应土层的土壤总孔隙度有关。机插秧根系性状(总根数、根干重、根系氧化力)和地上生长(茎蘖数、干物质积累量)均以T1最高, T2次之, T3最低。相比较于T2和T3的均值, 移栽后30 d条件下T1的总根数增加9.6%~32.9%, 根干重增加19.5%~53.8%, 根系氧化力增加27.3%~34.7%, 茎糵数增加9.0%~15.4%, 干物质积累量增加30.7%~44.7%。相关性分析表明, T1条件下机插秧早期的高质量生长主要是由于0~5 cm土层内还原性物质含量的降低, 特别是活性还原性物质和亚铁离子含量的显著降低(P<0.05)。综上, 在稻麦轮作地区应用一体化旱耕整地泡田模式有助于降低稻田土壤中还原性物质含量, 促进机插秧早期高质量生长。

关键词: 机插秧, 耕整地模式, 还原性物质, 秧苗生长

Abstract:

There were some problems in rice-wheat rotation areas, such as low quality of rice field soil preparation, and the accumulation of reducing substances was not conducive to the early growth of mechanically transplanting rice. We explored the feasibility of applying an integrated dry tillage and soaking pattern to promote high-quality early growth of machine transplanted rice. The experiment was carried out in the experimental base of Sihong county, Suqian city, Jiangsu province from 2021 to 2022. Three tillage patterns were conducted, namely integrated dryland tillage + soaking pattern (Treatment 1, T1), dryland rotary tillage + soaking + paddy rotary tillage pattern (Treatment 2, T2), and soaking + paddy rotary tillage pattern (Treatment 3, T3). The redox potential of paddy soil, the content of reducing substances in different soil layers, and the root and shoot traits of machine-transplanted rice at early growth stage were determined. The result showed that the soil redox potential of T1 was the highest, which was 19.3%-24.7% and 31.6%-41.1% higher than that of T2 and T3 at the lowest point, respectively. Different tillage patterns significantly affected the contents of total reducing substances, active reducing substances, ferrous ions, and divalent manganese ions in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers. Among them, compared with the mean values of T2 and T3, the content of active reducing substances in the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers of T1 decreased by 31.9%-37.6% and 22.6%-23.5%, respectively, and the content of ferrous ions decreased by 30.5%-40.3% and 25.3%-27.3%, respectively. This result was mainly related to the fact that T1 significantly reduced the soil bulk density of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers and increased the total soil porosity of the same soil layers. Root traits (root total number, root dry weight, and root oxidation capacity) and above-ground indexes (tiller number, dry matter accumulation) of T1 were the highest, followed by T2, and T3 was the lowest. Compared with the mean values of T2 and T3, the total root number, root dry weight, root oxidation force, the number of tillers, and the dry matter accumulation of T1 increased by 9.6%-32.9%, 19.5%-53.8%, 27.3%-34.7%, 9.0%-15.4%, and 30.7%-44.7%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the early high-quality growth of machine-transplanted rice under T1 was mainly due to the reduction of reducing substances within the 0-5 cm soil layer, especially the significant reduction of active reducing substances and ferrous ions (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the application of the integrated dryland tillage and soaking pattern can help to reduce the content of rice field reducing substances and promote the early high-quality growth of machine transplanted rice in rice-wheat rotation areas.

Key words: mechanically transplanted rice, tillage pattern, reducing substances, seedling growth

图1

2021-2022年水稻生长季内日均温度和日降雨量"

表1

不同耕整地处理的田间作业程序及其所用农机具"

耕整地模式
Tillage pattern		 田间作业程序及其所用农机具
Field operation procedures and agricultural machinery used
T1 使用2F-750型抛肥机施肥→采用2BFMZ-350型一体化旱地双轴旋耕平整机(配套动力220匹马力)实施双轴旋耕秸秆翻埋还田、初次镇压、单轴浅旋、二次镇压、开排水沟→灌水泡田。
Fertilization using 2F-750 fertilizer applicator → The 2BFMZ-350 integrated dryland biaxial rotary tillage and leveling machine (supporting power 220 horsepower) was used to implement biaxial rotary tillage straw burying, initial suppression, uniaxial shallow rotation, secondary suppression, and drainage ditch opening → Irrigation bubble field.
T2 使用2F-750型抛肥机施肥→采用1GS-360型旱地单轴旋耕平机(配套动力160匹马力)实施旱地旋耕秸秆还田→灌水泡田→采用1JS-280型水田单轴旋耕机进行1次作业以实施旋耕起浆和平整土地。
Fertilization using 2F-750 fertilizer applicator → The 1GS-360 type dryland single-axis rotary tillage machine (supporting power 160 horsepower) was used to implement dryland rotary tillage straw burying → Irrigation bubble field → The 1JS-280 paddy field single axis rotary machine was used for one operation to implement rotary tillage and soil leveling.
T3 使用2F-750型抛肥机施肥→灌水泡田→采用1JS-280型水田单轴旋耕机(配套动力160匹马力)进行2次作业以实施旋耕起浆和平整土地。
Fertilization using 2F-750 fertilizer applicator → Irrigation bubble field → The 1JS-280 paddy field single axis rotary machine was used for two operations to implement rotary tillage and soil leveling.

图2

不同耕整地模式对稻田土壤Eh的影响 T1: 一体化旱耕整地+泡田模式; T2: 旱旋+泡田+水旋整地模式; T3: 泡田+水旋整地模式。"

图3

不同耕整地模式对土壤容重和土壤总孔隙度的影响 标注不同小写字母的值在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图2。"

图4

不同耕整地模式对土壤还原性物质总量和土壤活性还原性物质的影响 标注不同小写字母的值在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图2。"

图5

不同耕整地方式下不同土层土壤亚铁离子和土壤二价锰离子的特征 标注不同小写字母的值在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图2。"

表2

不同耕整地模式对机插秧总根数的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 年份
Year		 耕整地模式
Tillage pattern		 移栽后天数Days after transplanted
5 d 10 d 20 d 30 d
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 2021 T1 1.9±0.15 a 2.8±0.31 a 4.4±0.49 a 9.9±0.92 a
T2 1.5±0.22 bc 2.3±0.22 abc 3.7±0.47 b 8.1±0.90 b
T3 1.1±0.16 d 1.8±0.13 c 3.0±0.28 c 6.8±0.49 c
2022 T1 1.8±0.20 ab 2.7±0.26 ab 4.4±0.35 a 9.4±0.92 a
T2 1.5±0.19 bc 2.2±0.28 bc 3.5±0.48 bc 7.9±0.57 b
T3 1.3±0.07 cd 1.9±0.21 c 3.0±0.34 c 6.8±0.35 c
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ns ns ns ns
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T ** ** ns ns
洪扬5号Hongyang 5 2022 T1 2.0±0.22 a 3.0±0.35 a 4.9±0.33 a 11.4±0.64 a
T2 1.7±0.14 ab 2.9±0.29 a 4.6±0.41 ab 11.0±0.42 a
T3 1.4±0.18 b 2.5±0.20 b 4.3±0.36 b 9.8±0.99 b
方差分析ANOVA
处理Treatment * * * *

表3

不同耕整地模式对机插秧根干重的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 年份
Year		 耕整地模式
Tillage pattern		 移栽后天数Days after transplanted
5 d 10 d 20 d 30 d
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 2021 T1 2.5±0.27 ab 4.1±0.49 a 25.5±3.6 a 65.3±6.5 a
T2 2.4±0.28 bc 3.7±0.35 b 23.0±1.6 bc 53.0±3.8 c
T3 2.3±0.21 bc 3.4±0.28 c 21.6±3.0 cd 31.9±2.3 d
2022 T1 2.7±0.20 a 3.8±0.42 b 24.5±2.4 ab 61.3±4.3 ab
T2 2.3±0.22 bc 3.6±0.27 bc 23.0±2.3 bc 54.3±4.6 bc
T3 2.2±0.13 c 3.4±0.29 c 20.8±1.4 d 32.0±3.2 d
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ns ns * ns
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T ns ns ns ns
洪扬5号Hongyang 5 2022 T1 2.4±0.16 a 2.8±0.15 a 18.6±1.6 a 47.2±2.0 a
T2 2.2±0.17 ab 2.7±0.19 b 16.0±1.9 b 42.0±2.4 b
T3 2.1±0.18 b 2.5±0.22 c 15.8±2.1 b 37.0±1.6 c
方差分析ANOVA
处理Treatment ns ** * *

表4

不同耕整地模式对机插秧根系氧化力的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 年份
Year		 耕整地模式
Tillage pattern		 移栽后天数Days after transplanted
5 d 10 d 20 d 30 d
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 2021 T1 83.2±4.7 b 102.7±11.6 ab 87.7±10.0 ab 139.0±17.7 a
T2 72.2±4.1 d 88.3±7.5 c 74.1±10.5 c 122.6±10.4 b
T3 58.3±4.2 e 70.4±10.0 d 61.1±6.9 d 95.2±6.7 c
2022 T1 91.3±6.4 a 111.5±9.5 a 92.0±9.1 a 145.3±14.4 a
T2 77.8±5.4 c 94.8±5.4 bc 82.6±8.2 b 125.4±8.8 b
T3 51.8±5.2 f 66.9±5.7 d 55.2±4.7 d 90.4±9.0 c
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) * ns ns ns
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T ** ns * ns
洪扬5号Hongyang 5 2022 T1 100.8±10.0 a 120.1±8.5 a 102.6±8.8 a 160.9±13.7 a
T2 80.8±6.9 b 103.3±7.3 b 82.6±3.5 b 131.7±13.0 b
T3 73.2±3.0 b 87.3±7.4 c 75.4±4.2 c 121.1±10.3 b
方差分析ANOVA
处理Treatment ** * ** **

图6

不同耕整地模式对机插秧茎蘖数的影响 标注不同小写字母的值在0.05概率水平差异显著。缩写同图2。"

表5

不同耕整地模式对机插秧地上干物质积累的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 年份
Year		 耕整地模式
Tillage pattern		 移栽后天数Days after transplanted
5 d 10 d 20 d 30 d
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 2021 T1 2.7±0.28 b 7.9±0.64 a 32.8±4.60 a 149.9±19.02 a
T2 2.8±0.21 a 7.4±1.06 ab 30.3±2.12 ab 139.6±15.84 ab
T3 2.7±0.35 b 4.9±0.71 c 20.1±2.26 bc 89.7±7.57 c
2022 T1 2.7±0.08 b 7.6±0.41 a 31.0±3.89 ab 138.8±11.70 ab
T2 2.8±0.14 a 6.7±0.42 b 25.5±3.61 abc 120.6±10.30 b
T3 2.8±0.13 a 4.5±0.24 c 17.5±1.48 c 71.3±9.10 c
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ns ns ns ns
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×处理Y×T ns ns ns ns
洪扬5号Hongyang 5 2022 T1 2.7±0.20 a 7.5±0.28 a 30.2±3.82 a 118.0±16.70 a
T2 2.8±0.11 a 6.3±0.31 b 22.6±2.62 b 86.8±6.20 b
T3 2.7±0.19 a 6.5±0.27 b 24.5±2.47 b 91.1±11.60 b
方差分析ANOVA
处理Treatment ns * ** **

图7

土壤氧化还原特性和机插秧生长早期指标的相关性分析 BD、TP、Eh、TRS、ARS、Fe2+和Mn2+分别表示土壤的容重、总孔隙度、氧化还原电位、还原性物质总量、活性还原性物质、亚铁离子和二价锰离子; TRN、RDW和ROA分别表示根系总数、根系干重、根系氧化力; DMA和STN分别表示干物质积累量和茎蘖数。土壤部分为移栽后10 d的数据, 其他指标均为移栽后30 d的数据。*表示在0.05概率水平显著相关。"

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