玉米氮密互作对黄淮海夏大豆夏玉米带状间作冠层光截获和群体产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63032

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3110-3127.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63032

玉米氮密互作对黄淮海夏大豆夏玉米带状间作冠层光截获和群体产量的影响

张少润(), 王敏, 雷新慧, 封亮, 刘席文, 杨峰, 王小春(), 杨文钰

四川农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心, 四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2026-03-10 接受日期:2026-07-15 出版日期:2026-10-12 网络出版日期:2026-07-21
通讯作者: * 王小春, E-mail: xchwang@sicau.edu.cn
作者简介:张少润, E-mail: 1853406280@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300902-02)

Effects of maize nitrogen-density interaction on canopy light interception and system yield in summer soybean-summer maize strip intercropping in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Zhang Shao-Run(), Wang Min, Lei Xin-Hui, Feng Liang, Liu Xi-Wen, Yang Feng, Wang Xiao-Chun(), Yang Wen-Yu

College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China

Received:2026-03-10 Accepted:2026-07-15 Published:2026-10-12 Published online:2026-07-21
Contact: * Wang Xiao-Chun, E-mail: xchwang@sicau.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300902-02)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大豆玉米带状间作系统中, 玉米氮密互作调控冠层光资源竞争与分配、协调玉米与大豆产量形成的机制尚不明确。针对该问题, 本研究于2023—2024年在黄淮海夏大豆夏玉米带状间作区开展2年大田裂区试验, 设玉米种植密度(D1: 5.25×10⁴株 hm^-2; D2: 6.75×10⁴株 hm^-2; D3: 8.25×10⁴株 hm^-2)与施氮量(2023年, N0 (0 kg hm^-2)、N120 (120 kg hm^-2)、N240 (240 kg hm^-2)、N360 (360 kg hm^-2); 2024年, N0 (0 kg hm^-2)、N240 (240 kg hm^-2)、N300 (300 kg hm^-2)、N360 (360 kg hm^-2)) 2因素处理, 系统分析群体光截获、叶片生长衰老、光合势及产量指标, 旨在明确氮密互作对冠层光截获及群体产量的调控机理。结果表明: (1) 增密显著提升玉米冠层光能截获率, 但过度密植(D3)加速叶片衰老, 适量施氮(240~300 kg hm^-2)可有效延缓。与D1相比, D2使玉米冠层上部光能截获率平均提高31.28%, 叶面积指数(LAI)及总光合势同步提升; D3则加剧种内光竞争, 衰老指数大幅上升。D2N240 (2023)和D2N300 (2024)处理冠层上部光能截获率较相应低密度对照分别提升5.56%和28.80%, LAI及总光合势亦显著提高。(2) 带状间作大豆光能截获率、LAI及光合势均受玉米增密抑制, 适量施氮可部分缓解。与D1相比, D3使大豆边行光能截获率平均降低5.10%。适量施氮(240~300 kg hm^-2)下, N240 (2023)和N300 (2024)大豆边行光能截获率较不施氮分别提高3.92%和10.70%, 但D3处理下大豆仍受严重抑制。D2N240 (2023)和D2N300 (2024)处理大豆边行光能截获率、LAI及总光合势较相应高密度处理降幅均明显减小。(3) 中密(D2)结合施氮(240~300 kg hm^-2)实现玉米与群体产量协同提升。D2N240 (2023)和D2N300 (2024)处理较相应低密度对照玉米产量分别提高15.86%和27.07%, 群体产量分别提高7.19%和16.05%。相关性分析表明, 玉米产量与其冠层中上部光能截获率及全生育期光合势呈极显著正相关, 而大豆产量主要取决于玉米吐丝期大豆冠层的光截获状况。因此, 在黄淮海平原大豆玉米带状间作系统中, 保证玉米种植密度6.75×10⁴株 hm^-2、施氮量240~300 kg hm^-2的配置, 通过氮密协同优化玉米冠层结构、延缓叶片衰老, 同时缓解对大豆的遮荫胁迫, 协调种内与种间光竞争, 实现系统产量协同提升, 可为该区域以“冠层光资源调控”为核心的高产高效栽培提供理论基础与技术支撑。

关键词: 氮密互作, 大豆玉米带状间作, 冠层光截获, 产量, 黄淮海平原

Abstract:

In soybean-maize strip intercropping systems, the mechanisms by which the maize nitrogen-density interaction regulates canopy light-resource competition and allocation and coordinates yield formation in maize and soybean remain unclear. To address this issue, a two-year split-plot field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 in the summer soybean-summer maize strip intercropping region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The treatments consisted of three maize planting densities, D1: 5.25×10⁴ plants hm^-2, D2: 6.75×10⁴ plants hm^-2, and D3: 8.25×10⁴ plants hm^-2, and four nitrogen application rates, namely N0, N120, N240, and N360 in 2023, corresponding to 0, 120, 240, and 360 kg hm^-2 N, and N0, N240, N300, and N360 in 2024, corresponding to 0, 240, 300, and 360 kg hm^-2 N. Canopy light interception, leaf growth and senescence, photosynthetic potential, and yield were systematically analyzed to elucidate the regulatory effects of the nitrogen-density interaction on canopy light interception and system yield. The results showed that increasing maize planting density significantly enhanced light interception by the maize canopy, but excessive density, D3, accelerated leaf senescence, whereas appropriate nitrogen application, 240-300 kg hm^-2 N, effectively delayed senescence. Compared with D1, D2 increased the light interception rate of the upper maize canopy by an average of 31.28% and also increased the leaf area index (LAI) and total photosynthetic potential. In contrast, D3 intensified intraspecific light competition and markedly increased the senescence index. Compared with the corresponding low-density controls, D2N240 in 2023 and D2N300 in 2024 increased the upper-canopy light interception rate by 5.56% and 28.80%, respectively, and significantly improved LAI and total photosynthetic potential. The light interception rate, LAI, and photosynthetic potential of strip-intercropped soybean were inhibited by increasing maize density, although appropriate nitrogen application partially alleviated this inhibition. Compared with D1, D3 reduced the light interception rate of border-row soybean by an average of 5.10%. Under appropriate nitrogen application, 240-300 kg hm^-2 N, the light interception rate of border-row soybean under N240 in 2023 and N300 in 2024 increased by 3.92% and 10.70%, respectively, compared with no nitrogen application. However, soybean growth remained severely inhibited under D3. Compared with the corresponding high-density treatments, D2N240 in 2023 and D2N300 in 2024 significantly alleviated the reductions in light interception rate, LAI, and total photosynthetic potential of border-row soybean. The combination of medium density, D2, and appropriate nitrogen application, 240-300 kg hm^-2 N, achieved a synergistic improvement in maize yield and system yield. Compared with the corresponding low-density controls, D2N240 in 2023 and D2N300 in 2024 increased maize yield by 15.86% and 27.07% and system yield by 7.19% and 16.05%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that maize yield was highly significantly and positively correlated with light interception rates in the upper and middle canopy layers and with total photosynthetic potential throughout the growth period, whereas soybean yield was mainly determined by canopy light interception at the maize silking stage. Therefore, in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a maize planting density of 6.75×10⁴ plants hm^-2 combined with a nitrogen application rate of 240-300 kg hm^-2 N can synergistically enhance system productivity. This improvement is achieved by optimizing maize canopy structure through the nitrogen-density interaction, delaying leaf senescence, alleviating shading stress on soybean, and coordinating intraspecific and interspecific competition for light resources. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation centered on canopy light-resource regulation in this region.

Key words: nitrogen-density interaction, soybean-maize strip intercropping, canopy light interception, yield, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

张少润, 王敏, 雷新慧, 封亮, 刘席文, 杨峰, 王小春, 杨文钰. 玉米氮密互作对黄淮海夏大豆夏玉米带状间作冠层光截获和群体产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(10): 3110-3127.

Zhang Shao-Run, Wang Min, Lei Xin-Hui, Feng Liang, Liu Xi-Wen, Yang Feng, Wang Xiao-Chun, Yang Wen-Yu. Effects of maize nitrogen-density interaction on canopy light interception and system yield in summer soybean-summer maize strip intercropping in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(10): 3110-3127.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63032

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2026/V52/I10/3110

图/表 14

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表2

玉米氮密互作对带状间作玉米光合势的影响"

年份 Year	种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	光合势LAD (m² d m^-2)
年份 Year	种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	播种期-拔节期 S0-V6	拔节期-吐丝期 V6-R1	吐丝期-灌浆期 R1-R2	灌浆期-蜡熟期 R2-R4	总光合势 Total LAD
2023	D1	N0	10.40±0.40 b	33.88±0.44 b	33.43±0.86 b	51.72±1.17 b	129.43±1.63 b
		N120	10.99±0.08 ab	39.16±1.54 a	39.14±0.90 a	61.08±2.88 a	150.37±3.23 a
		N240	11.27±0.15 a	41.56±0.63 a	40.83±0.41 a	63.70±0.49 a	157.36±1.16 a
		N360	11.33±0.10 a	38.91±1.17 a	39.89±0.89 a	61.30±2.25 a	151.43±4.38 a
	D2	N0	13.38±0.13 c	40.43±0.76 b	41.14±0.63 b	62.61±1.74 b	157.56±3.00 b
		N120	13.80±0.14 bc	50.11±0.21 a	50.53±0.29 a	78.00±0.28 a	192.45±0.75 a
		N240	15.07±0.39 a	52.39±0.42 a	51.20±1.90 a	79.68±3.64 a	198.34±5.49 a
		N360	14.23±0.24 b	50.70±1.68 a	50.21±1.60 a	76.61±2.83 a	191.75±4.39 a
	D3	N0	15.10±0.45 b	44.97±0.43 b	44.21±1.10 b	66.78±1.66 b	171.07±3.20 b
		N120	17.30±0.18 a	58.10±1.47 a	57.23±1.21 a	85.82±2.59 a	218.45±5.00 a
		N240	17.48±0.47 a	59.49±1.42 a	58.26±0.62 a	88.88±4.78 a	224.12±3.70 a
		N360	16.37±0.18 a	57.94±1.57 a	58.37±1.24 a	87.63±3.49 a	220.30±6.04 a
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			**	**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			**	**	**	**	**
D × N			*	*	*	ns	*
2024	D1	N0	8.12±0.15 b	38.50±0.23 c	37.95±0.52 b	23.83±0.96 b	108.41±1.52 b
		N240	8.46±0.34 b	43.60±0.01 bc	45.66±0.31 a	28.93±0.25 a	126.64±0.15 a
		N300	10.70±0.83 a	46.96±2.30 ab	43.44±1.80 a	26.80±0.78 ab	127.91±5.11 a
		N360	11.05±0.47 a	50.43±2.16 a	45.82±2.54 a	27.29±1.52 a	134.59±5.97 a
	D2	N0	10.08±0.68 a	44.04±0.71 b	41.98±0.06 b	25.28±0.61 c	121.38±1.09 c
		N240	10.23±0.79 a	53.76±0.78 a	53.55±0.82 a	46.69±1.60 a	164.23±3.31 a
		N300	12.36±1.12 a	54.74±1.48 a	54.83±0.62 a	47.20±2.91 a	169.14±1.22 a
		N360	11.10±1.21 a	51.20±2.07 a	51.39±2.79 a	37.91±1.92 b	151.60±6.58 b
	D3	N0	11.64±0.20 b	53.99±0.83 c	52.15±0.53 c	31.20±0.81 b	148.97±1.60 c
		N240	11.44±0.48 b	63.36±0.73 b	64.43±1.39 b	55.00±3.59 a	194.23±4.74 b
		N300	16.59±1.17 a	68.60±1.04 a	66.31±0.34 ab	47.39±3.32 a	198.88±1.54 ab
		N360	14.68±1.08 a	69.40±1.66 a	69.63±1.96 a	53.64±2.82 a	207.34±2.06 a
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			**	**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			**	**	**	**	**
D × N			ns	*	*	**	**

表2

表3

玉米氮密互作对带状间作大豆光合势的影响"

年份 Year	种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	光合势LAD (m² d m^-2)
年份 Year	种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	播种期-拔节期 S0-V6	拔节期-吐丝期 V6-R1	吐丝期-灌浆期 R1-R2	总光合势 Total LAD
2023	D1	N0	5.38±0.38 a	29.53±1.48 ab	25.67±0.64 a	60.58±2.46 a
		N120	4.66±0.32 a	27.31±1.20 b	24.08±0.79 a	56.04±2.26 a
		N240	5.79±0.35 a	31.68±0.68 a	24.38±0.41 a	61.85±0.73 a
		N360	5.04±0.35 a	30.79±1.12 ab	24.22±0.40 a	60.05±1.70 a
	D2	N0	4.58±0.35 bc	28.79±1.20 b	23.31±1.44 b	56.67±2.28 bc
		N120	3.84±0.28 c	30.65±0.93 b	25.42±0.80 ab	59.91±1.95 b
		N240	6.60±0.24 a	34.90±0.46 a	27.21±1.25 a	68.71±1.60 a
		N360	5.25±0.58 b	25.51±1.09 c	22.36±0.73 b	53.12±1.30 c
	D3	N0	5.69±0.41 a	24.22±0.73 ab	19.17±0.67 b	49.09±0.90 a
		N120	3.74±0.35 b	20.95±1.19 b	18.14±0.46 b	42.83±1.85 b
		N240	3.11±0.11 b	26.84±1.41 a	22.49±1.17 a	52.44±2.46 a
		N360	4.89±0.31 a	24.98±0.36 a	20.17±0.59 ab	50.04±0.66 a
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			**	**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			**	**	**	**
D × N			**	**	*	**
2024	D1	N0	14.88±2.36 ab	53.41±4.14 b	50.72±5.02 a	119.01±8.58 b
		N240	13.19±0.22 b	65.87±4.45 ab	65.39±6.12 a	144.46±10.62 ab
		N300	20.33±3.04 a	70.00±4.66 a	64.68±1.97 a	155.01±7.94 a
		N360	17.32±1.03 ab	57.79±3.75 ab	55.99±3.14 a	131.09±6.77 ab
	D2	N0	16.15±1.31 a	61.22±2.47 a	58.24±4.90 a	135.62±5.68 a
		N240	14.71±2.33 a	53.50±2.09 a	51.84±1.51 a	120.05±2.78 a
		N300	17.99±1.67 a	61.18±0.88 a	55.38±2.78 a	134.55±3.49 a
		N360	17.21±1.94 a	59.68±4.04 a	51.50±5.08 a	128.38±8.07 a
	D3	N0	18.55±5.31 a	53.46±6.09 a	47.66±3.70 a	119.66±14.29 a
		N240	20.70±5.66 a	53.98±1.44 a	45.96±4.92 a	120.64±3.41 a
		N300	21.26±2.17 a	57.88±2.48 a	49.29±3.64 a	128.43±4.58 a
		N360	17.26±0.24 a	59.88±3.82 a	51.55±1.37 a	128.69±4.90 a
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			ns	ns	*	ns
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			ns	ns	ns	ns
D × N			ns	ns	ns	ns

表3

表4

玉米氮密互作对带状间作玉米、大豆及群体产量的影响"

年份 Year	种植密度 Planting density	施氮量 Nitrogen application rate	玉米产量 Maize yield (kg hm^-2)	大豆产量 Soybean yield (kg hm^-2)	群体产量 Population yield (kg hm^-2)
2023	D1	N0	6515.35±82.33 d	1184.05±19.31 a	8883.44±74.64 d
		N120	7936.34±61.44 a	1180.41±38.35 a	10,297.17±123.76 a
		N240	7312.36±54.53 b	1238.99±2.35 a	9790.35±51.45 b
		N360	7107.19±35.19 c	1175.61±34.45 a	9458.41±51.87 c
	D2	N0	7034.62±32.02 d	1128.07±28.36 a	9290.74±51.84 c
		N120	7803.02±43.69 c	1061.52±17.42 ab	9926.05±13.49 b
		N240	8472.29±47.22 a	1011.11±7.96 bc	10,494.51±59.13 a
		N360	8156.03±59.28 b	928.42±42.31 c	10,012.88±28.38 b
	D3	N0	7097.80±53.10 c	828.88±29.34 bc	8755.56±108.34 c
		N120	7699.44±39.26 b	942.09±3.85 a	9583.61±43.93 ab
		N240	8348.49±45.15 a	919.41±46.56 ab	10,187.30±79.17 a
		N360	8223.31±55.67 a	765.96±20.81 c	9755.23±78.74 ab
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			**	**	**
D × N			**	**	**
2024	D1	N0	5547.32±184.22 b	1644.02±25.41 a	8835.37±231.39 ab
		N240	6015.33±132.64 a	1539.74±24.31 b	9094.81±147.44 a
		N300	6152.37±66.09 a	1331.10±31.41 c	8814.58±125.52 ab
		N360	5871.74±131.86 ab	1281.52±42.07 c	8434.79±47.75 b
	D2	N0	5574.06±143.98 c	1515.65±48.46 a	8605.36±176.27 b
		N240	6651.93±387.89 b	1367.10±44.60 a	9386.13±321.21 ab
		N300	7817.61±451.66 a	1206.02±65.04 b	10,229.66±531.52 a
		N360	6663.20±46.67 b	1198.35±27.39 b	9059.90±96.40 b
	D3	N0	5876.76±157.23 b	1190.94±47.43 a	8258.63±233.57 b
		N240	6303.72±75.70 ab	1176.59±51.50 a	8656.89±176.90 ab
		N300	6729.51±180.24 a	1180.66±47.91 a	9090.84±94.42 a
		N360	6256.77±200.97 ab	1140.60±22.01 a	8537.98±208.55 ab
显著性(P值) Significance (P-value)
种植密度Planting density (D)			**	**	**
施氮量Nitrogen application rate (N)			**	**	**
D × N			*	**	ns

表4

图9

图10

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年份 Year	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus (g kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)	pH
2023	25.77	1.47	0.88	15.90	115.53	64.58	270.20	7.39
2024	29.58	1.77	0.89	19.00	117.45	65.33	267.43	6.56

玉米氮密互作对黄淮海夏大豆夏玉米带状间作冠层光截获和群体产量的影响

Effects of maize nitrogen-density interaction on canopy light interception and system yield in summer soybean-summer maize strip intercropping in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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