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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 389-404.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51071

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

小偃麦辐射诱变种质芽期和苗期耐盐鉴定、筛选及耐盐指标评价

亓青松1(), 牛翔雨1, 刘冰可1, 康禄1, 王琛1, 封德顺1,2,*()   

  1. 1小麦育种全国重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
    2农业农村部作物水分生理与抗旱种质改良重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-04 接受日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2026-02-12 网络出版日期:2025-11-11
  • 通讯作者: *封德顺 E-mail:dsfeng@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2023120037@sdau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    2025年泰安市科技创新重大专项(国家级重大创新平台配套)项目(GZ-JSGG04);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC199);山东农业大学“双一流”建设项目(SKL81113)

Salt tolerance identification, screening and salt tolerance index evaluation of wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium radiation mutagenesis germplasm at germination and seedling stage

Qi Qing-Song1(), Niu Xiang-Yu1, Liu Bing-Ke1, Kang Lu1, Wang Chen1, Feng De-Shun1,2,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement / College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Key Laboratory of Crop Water Physiology and Drought-Tolerance Germplasm Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published:2026-02-12 Published online:2025-11-11
  • Contact: *Feng De-Shun E-mail:dsfeng@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Tai’an Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (National Major Innovation Platform Support) 2025(GZ-JSGG04);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023MC199);Funding for the “Double First Class” Construction Project of Shandong Agricultural University(SKL81113)

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摘要：

我国盐碱地面积非常广泛, 土壤盐碱化严重限制了作物的生长, 筛选耐盐农作物品种是提高盐碱地利用的重要手段。本研究以40份辐射诱变的小偃麦材料、3份常规品种和小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系SN6306为试验材料, 以中国春(Chinese Spring, CS)为盐敏感对照、山融3号(Shanrong 3, SR3)为抗盐对照, 通过水培培养, 综合分析小麦在水培条件下的表型, 筛选出小麦芽期和苗期最佳盐处理浓度。采用多元统计方法, 对44个试验材料进行苗期和芽期耐盐性评价, 将试验材料分为4个等级, 其中一级抗盐材料5份(A275、A051等), 二级抗盐材料31份(A079、A262等), 盐敏感材料7份(A140、A284等), 所用的盐敏感对照小麦CS为高度敏感。同时, 利用各个材料的抗盐得分与所测生理指标和生物量指标的相对耐盐系数建立了逐步回归方程, D值= 0.033-0.050×K+-S+0.002×Na+-R+0.237× K+-R+0.176×GP+0.139×GR-0.005×PC+0.197×SFW+0.088×WCS-0.110×RDW+0.242×SL+0.019×MRL (R2 = 0.999), 确定地上部钾离子含量、地下部钠离子含量、地下部钾离子含量、发芽势、发芽率、脯氨酸含量、苗鲜重、苗含水量、根干重、苗高、最大根长为筛选小麦抗盐材料的显著影响指标。本研究建立了一个小麦抗盐评价的回归方程, 有助于对小麦抗盐能力进行评估, 筛选出的抗盐和盐敏感材料为进一步分子机制研究以及培育抗盐品种提供了材料基础。

关键词: 培育抗盐品种, 芽期和苗期耐盐性, 辐射诱变, 多元统计, 抗盐评估

Abstract:

Saline-alkali land is widespread in China and poses a significant limitation to crop growth. Screening for salt-tolerant crop varieties is a key strategy to enhance the utilization of saline-alkali soils. In this study, 40 radiation-induced wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium lines, three conventional wheat varieties, and the wheat-Th. intermedium disomic addition line SN6306 were used as experimental materials. Chinese Spring (CS) was used as a salt-sensitive control, and Shanrong 3 (SR3) served as a salt-tolerant control. Phenotypic traits were comprehensively analyzed under hydroponic conditions, and the optimal salt treatment concentrations for both germination and seedling stages were determined. Using multivariate statistical analysis, salt tolerance of the 44 experimental materials was evaluated at the seedling and germination stages. Based on the results, the materials were classified into four salt tolerance levels: five highly salt-tolerant lines (e.g., A275, A051), thirty-one moderately salt-tolerant lines (e.g., A079, A262), seven salt-sensitive lines (e.g., A140, A284), with CS identified as highly sensitive. A stepwise regression model was established using the salt tolerance scores and the relative salt tolerance coefficients of physiological and biomass indices: D-value = 0.033-0.050×K+-S+0.002×Na+-R+0.237×K+-R+0.176×GP+0.139×GR-0.005×PC+0.197×SFW+0.088×WCS-0.110×RDW+0.242×SL+0.019×MRL (R2= 0.999). Significant indicators for identifying salt-tolerant wheat included potassium ion content in shoots and roots, sodium ion content in roots, germination potential and rate, proline content, seedling fresh weight, water content, root dry weight, seedling height, and maximum root length. This study established a reliable regression model for evaluating wheat salt tolerance and identified both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines, providing valuable genetic resources for further research on the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and for breeding salt-tolerant wheat varieties.

Key words: cultivate salt-resistant varieties, salt tolerance at germination and seedling stage, radiation mutagenesis, multivariate statistics, salt resistance evaluation

图1

不同浓度NaCl条件下山融3号和中国春的发芽率 SR3: 山融3号; CS: 中国春。"

图2

不同盐浓度下中国春和山融3号幼苗的生长状况 SR3: 山融3号; CS: 中国春。标尺为5 cm。"

图3

不同盐浓度下中国春和山融3号幼苗的叶片盐害指数 SR3: 山融3号; CS: 中国春; SDL: 盐害指数。标尺为5 cm。ns代表无显著差异; ***代表在0.001水平显著差异。"

表1

不同盐胁迫下小麦芽期和苗期各性状的表型分析"

指标
Index		 处理
Treatment		 平均值
Average		 最小值
Minimum		 最大值
Maximum		 标准差
Standard deviation		 变异系数
Coefficient of variation (%)
地上部钠离子含量
Na+-S (mg g-1)		 T0 1.171 0.142 2.869 0.466 39.79
T1 73.518 32.145 144.649 21.381 29.08
地上部钾离子含量
K+-S (mg g-1)		 T0 95.234 65.907 122.815 10.650 11.18
T1 62.775 5.377 85.689 12.712 20.25
地上部钠钾比Na+/K+-S T0 0.012 0.002 0.031 0.005 40.09
T1 1.282 0.474 14.841 1.227 95.72
地下部钠离子含量
Na+-R (mg g-1)		 T0 2.430 1.276 8.472 1.366 56.21
T1 46.727 14.274 101.404 19.842 42.46
地下部钾离子含量
K+-R (mg g-1)		 T0 44.146 16.082 66.396 12.094 27.40
T1 9.829 1.424 25.775 5.164 52.54
地下部钠钾比Na+/K+-R T0 0.057 0.022 0.159 0.027 47.03
T1 5.680 1.785 18.487 3.006 52.93
发芽势
GP (%)		 T0 86.600 60.000 100.000 0.097 11.23
T2 35.800 4.000 78.000 0.154 43.16
发芽率
GR (%)		 T0 96.200 84.000 100.000 0.034 3.51
T2 62.800 16.000 90.000 0.178 28.38
脯氨酸含量
PC (µg g-1)		 T0 50.949 16.318 113.877 24.155 47.41
T1 259.159 87.261 386.968 84.746 32.70
苗鲜重
SFW (g)		 T0 0.367 0.140 0.673 0.093 25.40
T1 0.188 0.091 0.389 0.052 27.58
苗含水量
WCS (g)		 T0 0.334 0.108 0.617 0.088 26.28
T1 0.160 0.072 0.360 0.049 30.56
根鲜重
RFW (g)		 T0 0.086 0.041 0.160 0.025 28.45
T1 0.067 0.038 0.126 0.020 29.28
根含水量
RWC (g)		 T0 0.081 0.037 0.150 0.023 28.98
T1 0.062 0.034 0.118 0.018 29.67
鲜重根冠比
R/S-FW		 T0 0.238 0.177 0.351 0.041 17.22
T1 0.363 0.185 0.562 0.079 21.68
苗干重
SDW (g)		 T0 0.033 0.018 0.057 0.008 24.21
T1 0.027 0.007 0.013 0.517 23.90
根干重
RDW (g)		 T0 0.006 0.003 0.011 0.002 28.59
T1 0.005 0.002 0.008 0.001 28.67
干重根冠比
R/S-DW		 T0 0.173 0.116 0.259 0.030 17.15
T1 0.165 0.118 0.234 0.027 16.11
苗高
SL (cm)		 T0 14.031 5.600 29.400 4.314 30.75
T1 10.983 4.000 22.700 2.833 25.79
最大根长
MRL (cm)		 T0 27.851 12.000 52.100 6.527 23.44
T1 22.749 9.200 38.500 5.431 23.87

表2

盐处理下不同指标耐盐系数之间的相关性"

相关性
Correlation		 地上部钠
Na⁺-S		 地上部钾
K⁺-S		 地上部钠钾比Na⁺/K⁺-S 地下部钠
Na⁺-R		 地下部钾
K⁺-R		 地下部钠钾比Na⁺/K⁺-R 发芽势
GP		 发芽率
GR		 脯氨酸含量
PC		 苗鲜重
SFW		 苗含水量
WSC		 根鲜重
RFW		 根含水量
RWC		 鲜重根冠比
R/S-FW		 苗干重
SDW		 根干重
RDW		 干重根冠比
D/S-DW		 苗高
SL		 最大根长
MRL
地上部钠Na⁺-S 1.000
地上部钾K⁺-S 0.221 1.000
地上部钠钾比Na⁺/K⁺-S 0.586** −0.258 1.000
地下部钠Na⁺-R −0.076 0.179 −0.085 1.000
地下部钾K⁺-R 0.148 −0.117 0.131 0.185 1.000
地下部钠钾比Na⁺/K⁺-R −0.141 0.186 −0.155 0.618** −0.521** 1.000
发芽势GP 0.147 0.022 0.190 0.047 0.228 −0.186 1.000
发芽率GR −0.107 0.012 −0.018 0.107 0.288 −0.149 0.736** 1.000
脯氨酸含量PC −0.06 0.083 −0.215 0.058 −0.178 0.256 −0.286 −0.191 1.000
苗鲜重SFW 0.177 −0.072 0.303* 0.059 −0.064 0.069 0.197 0.051 −0.287 1.000
苗含水量WSC 0.208 −0.021 0.235 −0.036 −0.032 −0.043 0.149 −0.002 −0.232 0.852** 1.000
根鲜重RFW 0.124 0.072 0.044 0.248 0.164 −0.104 0.135 0.008 −0.257 0.121 0.063 1.000
根含水量RWC 0.136 0.083 0.049 0.268 0.17 −0.092 0.126 −0.006 −0.25 0.127 0.071 0.999** 1.000
鲜重根冠比
R/S-FW		 −0.096 0.026 −0.214 0.116 0.176 −0.132 −0.134 −0.063 0.168 −0.785** −0.665** 0.454** 0.452** 1.000
苗干重SDW −0.014 0.046 −0.065 0.052 −0.094 0.103 0.175 0.135 0.216 −0.281 −0.390** 0.329* 0.312* 0.366* 1.000
根干重RDW −0.172 −0.146 −0.103 −0.260 −0.012 −0.263 0.182 0.266 −0.212 −0.093 −0.143 0.329* 0.28 0.187 0.444** 1.000
干重根冠比
D/S-DW		 −0.136 −0.169 −0.036 −0.300* 0.089 −0.353* −0.001 0.087 −0.422** 0.171 0.248 −0.004 −0.031 −0.157 −0.580** 0.460** 1.000
苗高SL −0.143 −0.095 −0.091 0.166 0.166 0.043 0.052 −0.065 −0.301* 0.209 0.258 −0.116 −0.103 −0.210 −0.403** −0.240 0.229 1.000
最大根长MRL −0.007 −0.145 0.035 0.117 −0.015 0.189 −0.283 −0.383* 0.145 0.194 0.140 −0.039 −0.027 −0.184 −0.076 −0.258 −0.131 0.084 1.000

表3

各指标的主成分分析"

指标
Index		 主成分分析 Principal component analysis
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
地上部钠离子含量 Na+-S 0.190 0.199 0.374 0.141 -0.668 0.198 -0.323
地上部钾离子含量 K+-S -0.162 -0.103 0.281 0.233 0.115 -0.015 -0.800
地上部钠钾比 Na+/K+-S 0.355 0.257 0.239 0.113 -0.631 0.139 0.188
地下部钠离子含量 Na+-R -0.155 -0.100 0.634 0.126 0.523 0.304 0.105
地下部钾离子含量 K+-R 0.023 0.456 -0.053 -0.004 -0.003 0.732 0.170
地下部钠钾比 Na+/K+-R -0.096 -0.563 0.500 0.172 0.378 -0.241 0.040
发芽势 GP 0.128 0.591 0.038 0.648 0.129 0.041 0.101
发芽率 GR 0.002 0.506 -0.180 0.682 0.314 0.042 0.115
脯氨酸含量 PC -0.376 -0.578 0.039 0.160 -0.197 -0.042 0.089
苗鲜重 SFW 0.779 0.178 0.418 0.020 0.053 -0.311 0.094
苗含水量 WCS 0.792 0.155 0.313 -0.049 0.024 -0.222 -0.054
根鲜重 RFW -0.328 0.649 0.531 -0.381 0.082 -0.099 -0.041
根含水量 RWC -0.319 0.628 0.558 -0.381 0.079 -0.070 -0.049
鲜重根冠比 R/S-FW -0.844 0.182 -0.054 -0.276 -0.006 0.286 -0.062
苗干重 SDW -0.687 0.178 0.213 0.271 -0.153 -0.335 0.283
根干重 RDW -0.273 0.575 -0.337 -0.107 0.076 -0.528 0.109
干重根冠比 R/S-DW 0.423 0.356 -0.512 -0.398 0.226 -0.122 -0.187
苗高 SL 0.448 -0.045 -0.013 -0.189 0.490 0.381 0.032
最大根长 MRL 0.180 -0.367 0.320 -0.354 -0.095 0.042 0.440
方差贡献率Contribution rate (%) 18.400 16.427 12.419 9.565 9.331 8.133 6.286
权重 Weight (%) 22.839 20.390 15.416 11.873 11.583 10.096 7.803
特征值 Eigenvalue 3.496 3.121 2.360 1.817 1.773 1.545 1.194

表4

不同材料的主成分因子得分"

材料
Material		 主成分因子得分 Principal component factor score
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
中国春 Chinese Spring -1.898 -2.358 -0.098 -1.062 -2.497 1.002 -0.364
山农27 Shannong 27 0.010 1.273 -0.230 -1.880 -1.759 0.021 0.818
山农6306 Shannong 6306 -0.521 0.734 -0.658 0.171 -0.685 0.109 0.743
山融3号 Shanrong 3 0.457 -0.214 -3.213 -1.398 1.198 1.800 0.033
A024 0.474 0.622 -0.101 -0.759 -0.404 -0.201 -0.187
A049 1.985 0.322 -0.329 -1.218 0.009 -1.136 0.239
A050 0.791 0.013 0.154 0.253 0.935 -0.704 -1.028
A051 0.061 1.889 1.228 1.611 -2.219 0.535 0.228
A060 -0.245 0.693 -1.425 1.850 -1.495 0.417 -2.032
A079 -1.201 0.912 0.919 0.721 1.262 0.917 0.340
A092 -0.474 0.815 -0.181 -0.254 -0.450 1.765 1.938
A094 -0.954 1.144 0.863 -0.131 -0.291 -0.230 -1.265
A109 0.349 0.687 0.152 2.300 -1.087 0.075 -0.016
A140 -1.608 -0.855 0.714 0.234 1.144 -1.314 0.347
A149 -0.311 -0.171 0.148 0.586 1.197 0.927 -1.320
A152 2.558 -0.045 0.582 -0.955 -0.686 0.571 0.654
A154 1.341 -1.040 -0.172 0.928 0.920 -1.160 0.740
A156 -0.256 0.602 0.706 -1.599 0.489 -1.532 1.319
A157 0.451 0.278 -0.436 0.756 0.315 -1.490 0.533
A158 1.483 0.763 0.236 1.094 -0.900 0.119 1.486
A219 0.146 0.265 -0.754 -0.703 0.457 -1.364 0.539
A226 -0.392 0.142 -1.730 -0.320 0.018 0.743 0.855
A249 -1.029 0.608 0.667 0.396 1.263 -0.824 0.878
A253 -0.299 -0.104 -1.615 0.417 -0.123 -0.895 -0.399
A256 0.351 0.687 -0.616 -0.501 0.730 -1.119 -0.446
A262 0.655 -0.963 -0.149 1.137 0.321 1.574 0.039
A272 -0.837 0.560 0.618 0.298 0.495 0.034 -1.555
A275 1.451 -0.820 0.737 1.176 1.714 1.747 1.053
A280 -1.696 1.472 -0.636 -0.219 0.412 -0.827 -0.679
A284 -0.050 -0.400 -1.826 0.373 -0.354 -0.265 -0.581
A294 2.160 0.840 0.690 0.010 -0.443 0.763 -1.952
A350 0.277 -0.153 0.627 -0.126 0.632 0.133 1.322
A352 -0.232 -0.827 -1.094 1.099 0.613 -0.762 -0.147
A356 -0.618 -1.201 0.655 -0.146 0.009 -0.918 -0.559
A359 -1.350 0.438 -1.225 0.199 0.440 0.824 1.481
A371 0.130 0.220 0.731 0.829 0.765 -1.196 -0.326
A372 0.241 -2.460 1.761 0.211 -0.304 -0.065 0.247
A375 0.641 -0.246 0.255 -1.798 -1.131 -1.453 -0.915
A377 -1.158 -0.436 1.097 -0.858 0.172 1.211 1.112
A391 0.304 0.145 0.693 -1.970 1.349 1.712 -2.455
A397 -1.143 0.373 1.442 -0.051 0.093 0.511 -0.486
A404 0.129 -0.150 1.055 -1.117 0.458 0.879 -0.322
A406 0.078 -2.913 -0.801 0.703 -0.639 -0.303 -0.503
A407 -0.250 -1.141 0.562 -0.287 -1.942 -0.633 0.596

表5

不同材料的隶属函数值"

材料
Material		 隶属函数值 Membership function value
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7
中国春 Chinese Spring 0.000 0.115 0.626 0.213 0.000 0.760 0.476
山农27 Shannong 27 0.428 0.872 0.600 0.021 0.175 0.466 0.745
山农6306 Shannong 6306 0.309 0.759 0.514 0.501 0.430 0.492 0.728
山融3号 Shanrong 3 0.528 0.562 0.000 0.134 0.877 1.000 0.566
A024 0.532 0.736 0.626 0.284 0.497 0.399 0.516
A049 0.871 0.674 0.580 0.176 0.595 0.119 0.613
A050 0.603 0.609 0.677 0.521 0.815 0.248 0.325
A051 0.439 1.000 0.893 0.839 0.066 0.620 0.611
A060 0.371 0.751 0.359 0.895 0.238 0.585 0.096
A079 0.156 0.797 0.831 0.630 0.893 0.735 0.636
A092 0.320 0.776 0.609 0.402 0.486 0.989 1.000
A094 0.212 0.845 0.819 0.431 0.524 0.391 0.271
A109 0.504 0.750 0.676 1.000 0.335 0.482 0.555
A140 0.065 0.429 0.789 0.516 0.865 0.065 0.638
A149 0.356 0.571 0.676 0.599 0.877 0.738 0.258
A152 1.000 0.597 0.763 0.238 0.430 0.631 0.708
A154 0.727 0.390 0.611 0.679 0.811 0.112 0.727
A156 0.368 0.732 0.788 0.087 0.709 0.000 0.859
A157 0.527 0.664 0.558 0.639 0.668 0.012 0.680
A158 0.759 0.766 0.693 0.718 0.379 0.495 0.897
A219 0.459 0.662 0.494 0.297 0.702 0.050 0.681
A226 0.338 0.636 0.298 0.386 0.597 0.683 0.753
A249 0.195 0.733 0.780 0.554 0.893 0.213 0.759
A253 0.359 0.585 0.321 0.559 0.564 0.191 0.468
A256 0.505 0.750 0.522 0.344 0.766 0.124 0.457
A262 0.573 0.406 0.616 0.728 0.669 0.932 0.568
A272 0.238 0.723 0.770 0.531 0.711 0.470 0.205
A275 0.752 0.436 0.794 0.737 1.000 0.984 0.798
A280 0.045 0.913 0.518 0.410 0.691 0.212 0.404
A284 0.415 0.523 0.279 0.549 0.509 0.380 0.427
A294 0.911 0.782 0.785 0.464 0.488 0.689 0.114
A350 0.488 0.575 0.772 0.432 0.743 0.499 0.860
A352 0.374 0.434 0.426 0.719 0.739 0.231 0.525
A356 0.287 0.357 0.778 0.427 0.595 0.184 0.431
A359 0.123 0.698 0.400 0.508 0.697 0.707 0.896
A371 0.455 0.653 0.793 0.656 0.775 0.101 0.485
A372 0.480 0.094 1.000 0.511 0.521 0.440 0.615
A375 0.570 0.555 0.697 0.040 0.324 0.023 0.351
A377 0.166 0.516 0.867 0.260 0.634 0.823 0.812
A391 0.494 0.637 0.785 0.000 0.913 0.973 0.000
A397 0.169 0.684 0.936 0.449 0.615 0.613 0.448
A404 0.455 0.575 0.858 0.200 0.702 0.723 0.486
A406 0.443 0.000 0.485 0.626 0.441 0.369 0.444
A407 0.370 0.369 0.759 0.394 0.132 0.270 0.694

表6

不同材料的D值及排名"

材料
Material		 D值
D-value		 排序
Rank		 材料
Material		 D值
D-value		 排序
Rank
A275 0.748 1 A377 0.527 23
A158 0.685 2 A256 0.526 24
A294 0.678 3 山农6306 Shannong 6306 0.520 25
A152 0.665 4 A094 0.519 26
A051 0.659 5 A359 0.514 27
A079 0.628 6 A156 0.514 28
A109 0.622 7 山融3号 Shanrong 3 0.498 29
A262 0.611 8 A372 0.496 30
A092 0.607 9 山农27 Shannong 27 0.496 31
A350 0.603 10 A226 0.496 32
A154 0.582 11 A060 0.494 33
A049 0.575 12 A219 0.491 34
A371 0.575 13 A352 0.475 35
A050 0.573 14 A280 0.458 36
A404 0.569 15 A140 0.442 37
A149 0.569 16 A284 0.440 38
A391 0.568 17 A253 0.438 39
A249 0.564 18 A356 0.430 40
A157 0.549 19 A375 0.423 41
A397 0.544 20 A407 0.420 42
A024 0.540 21 A406 0.373 43
A272 0.529 22 中国春 Chinese Spring 0.259 44

图4

44份材料的耐盐性综合评价D值的聚类分析 SED: 平方欧式距离; SR3: 山融3号; CS: 中国春; SN27: 山农27; SN6306: 山农6306。"

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