关键词: 大豆种质, 豆腐, 豆乳, 得率, 遗传变异, 品种生态区

Abstract: It is the basis for high tofu and soymilk output breeding to characterize the genetic variability of the germplasm of both cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and wild soybean [Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.] from different varietal eco-regions. In the present study, 946 accessions, including 564 landraces, 101 released cultivars, 193 wild materials from various eco-regions in China and 88 released cultⅣars from abroad were tested for their dried tofu and soymilk output by using the mini-specimen technique established in our lab recently. Data obtained were analyzed with software of SAS 9.0 and SPSS 13.0 .The resulted indicated there existed large variation in dried tofu and soymilk output both in cultivated and wild soybeans in China, with a range of 25.32–69.59 and 25.52–85.89 g 100 g^-1 for dried tofu output and 40.75–82.86 and 39.05–91.86 g 100 g^-1 for dried soymilk output, respectively, and the averages of cultivated soybean were much larger than those of wild soybean. The results in various eco-regions showed a similar trend as in the whole country. The variation in dried tofu and soymilk output within an eco-region was more than that among eco-regions; and there existed a weak geographical variation for cultivated soybeans, especially in some southern eco-regions, which might be due to the accumulation from artificial selection since there was no similar trend naturally for wild soybean. About 2.75% of the cultivated accessions were with more than 75 g 100 g^-1 of dried tofu output and about 5.50% with more than 85 g 100 g^-1 of dried soymilk output, from which 14 elite accessions from Eco-region Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅵ with double high outputs were screened out for high output breeding purposes.