栽培稻与疣粒野生稻杂种二倍体和四倍体的鉴定及比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用基因组原位杂交(Genomic in situ hybridization，GISH)技术，对栽培稻(Oryza sativa L.)与疣粒野生稻(O. meyeriana)远缘杂种二倍体(AG)及四倍体(AAGG)进行鉴定。通过对其主要农艺性状和减数分裂的比较和分析，探讨染色体加倍对杂种的影响、明确杂种不育的原因及其利用潜力。GISH检测结果证实了杂种的真实性，杂种细胞中来自疣粒野生稻的染色体有红色杂交信号，而来自栽培稻的染色体上无杂交信号。杂种四倍体的株高、剑叶长、穗颖花数、颖壳长/宽等与二倍体相比明显增加，显示出明显的多倍体优势。二者的减数分裂也存在很大差异，杂种二倍体减数分裂过程紊乱，杂种四倍体减数分裂过程则基本正常。染色体加倍明显改善了杂种的减数分裂，但杂种四倍体仍不能结实，推测杂种的不育性很可能与核质亲和性有关。但杂种在新品种(系)或育种中间材料选育上仍具有改造和利用的潜力，无芒特性使其在芒的遗传研究及多倍体水稻芒的改造等方面同样具有重要作用。

关键词: 疣粒野生稻, 远缘杂种, 基因组原位杂交, 农艺性状, 减数分裂

Abstract:

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to identify the trueness of diploid and tetraploid hybrids of Oryza sativa and O. meyeriana in this research. To explore the effect of polyploidization on diploid hybrid, compared and analyzed the cause of sterility and the application potency of hybrids, the agronomic traits and meiosis of diploid and tetraploid hybrids. GISH detection proved the trueness of hybrids, since O. meyeriana chromosomes gave off red fluorescence signals, while cultivated rice chromosomes had no signals. Many agronomic traits, such as plant height, flag leaf length, spikelets per panicle, spikelet length and width of tetraploid hybrid increased much more than those of diploid hybrid, showing obvious predominance of polyploid. The meiosis behaviors of diploid and tetraploid hybrids were also different from each other. The meiosis was disorder in diploid hybrid, but normal in tetraploid hybrid. Doubling of chromosomes improved the meiosis obviously, but tetraploid hybrid was still acarpous which may be related to the nucleo-cytoplasmic incompatibility. But the hybrids had the potential to be modified in rice breeding. Their characteristic of non-awn will also play an important part in genetic research and awn improvement in rice.

Key words: Oryza meyeriana, Distant hybrid, GISH, Agronomic traits, Meiosis

宋兆建,杜超群,胡亚平,唐志强,陈冬玲,何玉池,何光存,蔡得田. 栽培稻与疣粒野生稻杂种二倍体和四倍体的鉴定及比较[J]. 作物学报, 2010, 36(07): 1144-1152.

SONG Zhao-Jian,DU Chao-Qun,HU E-Ping,TANG Zhi-Qiang,CHEN Dong-Ling,HE Yu-Chi. Identification and Comparison of diploid and Tetraploid Hybrids of Oryza sativa X O.meyeriana[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(07): 1144-1152.

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