作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (02): 339-346.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00339
• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇
蔡艳1,2,郝明德1,3,*,张丽琼1,臧逸飞1,何晓雁1
CAI Yan1,2,HAO Ming-De1,3,*,ZHANG Li-Qiong1,ZANG Yi-Fei1,HE Xiao-Yan1
摘要:
研究典型种植制度对旱地黑垆土微生物多样性的影响,对优化旱地作物种植制度、发挥土壤潜在肥力、实现土壤资源可持续利用有着重要的意义。通过27年长期定位试验,采用454测序技术分析了黄土高原旱作地区不同种植制度下黑垆土细菌、真菌多样性的变化情况。结果表明,不施肥低营养胁迫下,细菌多样性表现为粮豆轮作>小麦连作>裸地>苜蓿连作,真菌多样性表现为小麦连作≈苜蓿连作>裸地>粮豆轮作。施氮、磷肥条件下,粮草长周期轮作(苜蓿→ 苜蓿→ 苜蓿→ 苜蓿→ 马铃薯→ 小麦→ 小麦→ 小麦+苜蓿)中土壤微生物多样性大致表现出先降低后增加的趋势,第4年苜蓿或苜蓿茬后第1年小麦微生物Chao指数和Shannon指数最低,苜蓿茬后第2年小麦微生物多样性最高,细菌Chao指数和真菌Shannon指数比连作小麦高22.0%和79.2%;粮草短周期轮作(红豆草→小麦→小麦+红豆草)中土壤微生物多样性大致呈现增加趋势,至红豆草茬后第2年小麦土壤微生物多样性达到最高,真菌Chao指数和Shannon指数均分别比连作小麦高50.8%和51.0%。黄土高原旱地区黑垆土采取粮食作物与豆科作物轮作可提高土壤微生物多样性。
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