作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 1485-1495.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01485
雍太文1,陈平1,刘小明1,2,周丽1,3,宋春4,王小春1,杨峰1,刘卫国1,杨文钰1,*()
Tai-Wen YONG1,Ping CHEN1,Xiao-Ming LIU1,2,Li ZHOU1,3,Chun SONG4,Xiao-Chun WANG1,Feng YANG1,Wei-Guo LIU1,Wen-Yu YANG1,*()
摘要:
土壤氮素氨化、硝化及固氮作用是影响作物氮素吸收及氮肥损失的主要因素, 为揭示氮肥减量下玉米-大豆套作系统的土壤氮素转化特性及排放规律, 利用大田定位试验研究了3种模式(玉米单作MM、大豆单作MS、玉米-大豆套作IMS)和3种施氮水平(不施氮NN: 0; 减量施氮RN: 180 kg hm -2; 常量施氮CN: 240 kg hm -2)对土壤硝化作用、氨化作用、固氮作用及氨挥发、N2O排放、NO3 --N累积的影响。结果表明, IMS较相应单作提高了土壤硝化和氨化作用, IMS的氨挥发损失率和N2O损失率较MM降低21.6%和29.7%; IMS下玉米土壤的NO3 --N积累量显著高于MM, 而大豆土壤的NO3 --N积累量显著低于MS。各施氮处理间, RN较CN降低了玉米土壤的氨化与硝化作用, 增加了大豆土壤的硝化和固氮作用。IMS下RN的玉米、大豆全生育期固氮作用较CN增加29.7%和32.0%, 年均氨挥发总量和N2O排放量较CN降低37.2%和41.0%。玉米-大豆套作系统在减量施氮下通过提高土壤氮素氨化、硝化与固氮作用, 减少氮素排放损失, 增强耕层土壤NO3 --N积累, 为作物氮素吸收提供了充足氮源。
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