欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 2028-2039.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02028

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮方式对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响

董茜1,雍太文1,刘小明1,刘文钰1,徐婷1,宋春1,2,王小春1,杨文钰1,*   

  1. 1 四川农业大学农学院 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川成都 611130; 2 四川农业大学资源环境学院生态环境研究所, 四川成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-07 修回日期:2014-07-06 出版日期:2014-11-12 网络出版日期:2014-08-04
  • 通讯作者: 雍太文, E-mail: scndytw@qq.com; 杨文钰, E-mail: wenyu.yang@263.net
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271669, 31201169)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203096)资助。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Methods on Crop Yield and Grain Filling Characteristics of Maize in Maize-Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System

DONG Qian1,YONG Tai-Wen1,*,LIU Xiao-Ming1,LIU Wen-Yu1,XU Ting1,SONG Chun1,2,WANG Xiao-Chun1,YANG Wen-Yu1,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China; 2 Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
  • Received:2014-01-07 Revised:2014-07-06 Published:2014-11-12 Published online:2014-08-04
  • Contact: 雍太文, E-mail: scndytw@qq.com; 杨文钰, E-mail: wenyu.yang@263.net

PDF

1284

被引次数

14

摘要：

氮肥的过量施用和低效利用, 造成资源浪费和环境污染, 不利于农业的可持续发展。为了减少氮肥的投入量, 发挥氮肥的增产效益, 本研究对玉米-大豆套作模式的施氮量和施肥距离进行优化调整。通过两年田间试验, 探讨了减氮36% (RN36%)、减氮18% (RN18%)和习惯施氮(CN) 3种施氮水平和距离窄行玉米0 cm (D1)、15 cm (D2)、30 cm (D3)、45 cm (D4) 4种施肥距离对作物产量和玉米花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明, 与习惯施氮相比, 减氮18%处理的玉米花后干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率分别提高了22.65%、18.75%和15.90%, 籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率提高了9.79%和10.76%; 玉米、大豆产量及系统周年产量提高了4.95%、7.07%和5.35%; 各施肥距离间, 以距离窄行玉米15~30 cm的施肥效果最佳。减氮18%时, D2处理下玉米的平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、穗粒数及百粒重比玉米常规穴施(D1)处理分别提高了10.32%、10.92%、9.08%和4.75%; 玉米、大豆产量和系统总产最高。玉米-大豆套作体系下, 减氮18%和距离窄行玉米15~30 cm施肥有利于增加玉米花后干物质的积累, 促进干物质向籽粒中转运, 增大灌浆速率, 增加百粒重和穗粒数, 提高玉米产量和大豆产量, 以实现系统周年作物增产。

关键词: 玉米-大豆套作, 减量施氮, 干物质积累与转移, 籽粒灌浆, 产量

Abstract:

Nitrogen fertilizer overused and low use efficiency in agricultural system leads to wasting resources and environment pollution, which is unfavorable for the sustainable agricultural production.In order to improve the nitrogen use efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping system, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different N application rates and distances on dry matter accumulation and translocation during post-anthesis and grain filling of maize, and the total crop yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. The experiment included three N application rates [210, 270, and 330 N kg ha-1, which represent reduced 36% (RN36%), 18% (RN18%), and conventional N application amount (CN) , respectively] and four fertilizer application locations [the N fertilizer was applied in the area between the maize and soybean plant rows, the distance from the fertilizer application locations to maize rows was 0 cm (D1),15 cm (D2), 30 cm (D3) and 45 cm (D4), respectively]. The results showed that, compared with CN, dry matter translocation amount and rate, and its contribution to grain yield during maize post-anthesis in the RN18% treatment increased by 22.65%, 18.75%, and 15.90%, respectively, the average filling rate and the maximal filling rate of maize increased by 9.79% and 10.76%, the grain yield of maize, soybean and total crop yield in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system increased by 4.95%, 7.07%, and 5.35%, respectively. The fertilizer application locations significantly affected the dry matter accumulation and contribution to grain yield during maize post-anthesis. The fertilizer effect was optimal when the fertilizer application distance was between 15 and 30 cm. With the reduced 18% N application, the average filling rate, the maximal filling rate, grain number per spike and 100-kernel weight of maize in the treatment of D2 were increased by 10.32%, 10.92%, 9.08%, and 4.75%, respectively, compared with the treatment of D1. The maximal grain yields of maize and soybean in this maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system were observed in the treatment of RN18% and D2. It is concluded that reduced N application rate (RN18%) and properly N application locations (15–30 cm to maize row) could promote the dry matter accumulation and translocation during maize post-anthesis, increase the maize grain filling rate, grain number per spike and 100-kernel weight, which could further improve the total grain yield of maize and soybean in this intercropping system.

Key words: Maize-soybean relay strip intercropping, Reduction of N application, Dry matter accumulation and translocation, Grain filling, Yield

[1] 张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 崔振岭, 马文奇, 陈新平, 江荣风. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45: 915-924



Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, Cui Z L, Ma W Q, Chen X P, Jiang R F. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin, 2008, 45: 915–924 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[2] Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y, Shen J L, Han W X, Zhang W F, Christie P, Goulding K W T, Vitousek P M, Zhang F S. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 2010, 327: 1008–1010



[3] 李录久, 王家嘉, 李东平, 吴萍萍. 减量施氮对水稻生长和肥料利用效率的影响. 安徽农业科学, 2013, 41(1): 99–103



Li J L, Wang J J, Li D P, Wu P P. Effect of decreasing nitrogen application rate on rice growth and nitrogen use efficiency. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2013, 41(1): 99–103 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[4] 邹晓锦, 张鑫, 安景文. 氮肥减量后移对玉米产量和氮素吸收利用及农田氮素平衡的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2011, (6): 25–29



Zhou X J, Zhang X, An J W. Effect of reducing and postponing of N application on yield, plant N uptake, utilization and N balance in maize. Soil Fert Sci China, 2011, (6): 25–29 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[5] 刘学军, 巨晓棠, 张福锁. 减量施氮对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中氮利用与平衡的影响. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15: 458–462



Liu X J, Ju X T, Zhang F S. Effect of reduced N application on N utilization and balance in winter wheat summer maize cropping system. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2004, 15: 458–462 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[6] 韩晓增, 邹文秀, 尤梦阳. 减氮、加菌、改善土壤物理性状提高大豆固氮能力. 大豆科技, 2011, (1): 14–16



Han X Z, Zhou W X, You M Y. Advance soybean nitrogen fixation by decreasing nitrogen, adding rhizobium and improving soil physical properties. Soybean Sci Technol, 2011, (1): 14–16 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[7] Ruan W B, Ren T, Chen Q, Zhu X, Wang J G. Effects of conventional and reduced N inputs on nematode communities and plant yield under intensive vegetable production. Appl Soil Ecol, 2013, 66: 48–55



[8] 战秀梅, 李亭亭, 韩晓日, 左殿博, 左仁辉, 叶冰. 不同施肥方式对春玉米产量、效益及氮素吸收和利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 861–868



Zhan X M, Li T T, Han X R, Zuo D B, Zuo R H, Ye B. Effects of nitrogen fertilization methods on yield, profit and nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 861–868 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[9] Constantin J, Mary B, Laurent F, Aubrion G, Fontaine A, Kerbeillant P, Beaudoin N. Effects of catch crops, no till and reduced nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen leaching and balance in three long-term experiments. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2010, 135: 268–278



[10] Szumigalski A R, Van Acker R C. Nitrogen yield and land use efficiency in annual sole crops and intercrops. Agron J, 2006, 98: 1030–1040



[11] Zhang G G, Yang Z B, Dong S T. Interspecific competitiveness affects the total biomass yield in an alfalfa and corn intercropping system. Field Crops Res, 2011, 124: 66–73



[12] Li L, Sun J H, Zhang F S, Li X L, Yang S, Zdenko R . Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping: I. Yield advantage and interspecific interactions on nutrients. Field Crops Res, 2001, 71: 123–137



[13] Willey R W, Osiru D S O. Studies on mixtures of maize and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) with particular reference to plant population. J Agric Sci, 1972, 79: 517–529



[14] Oljaca S, Cvetkovic R, Kovacevic D, Vasic G, Momirovic N. Effect of plant arrangement pattern and irrigation on efficiency of maize (Zea mays) and bean (Phaeolus vulgaris) intercropping system. J Agric Sci (Cambridge), 2000, 135: 261–270



[15] West T D, Griffith D R. Effect of strip intercropping corn and soybean on yield and profit. J Prod Agric, 1992, 5: 107–110



[16] Ghafarzadeh M, Prechac F G, Cruse R M. Grain yield response of corn, soybean, and oat grown in a trip intercropping system. Am Alt Agric, 1994, 9: 171–177



[17] Kushwaha H S, Chandel A S. Effect of soybean (Glycine max) intercropping under different nitrogen levels on yield, yield attributes and quality of maize (Zea mays). Indian J Agric Sci, 1997, 67: 249–252



[18] 雍太文, 杨文钰, 任万军, 樊高琼, 向达兵. 两种三熟套作体系中的氮素转移及吸收利用. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 3170–3178



Yong T W,Yang W Y, Ren W J, Fan G Q, Xiang D B. Analysis of the nitrogen transfer, nitrogen uptake and utilization in the two relay-planting systems. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 3170–3178 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[19] 杨文钰, 雍太文, 任万军, 樊高琼, 牟锦毅, 卢学兰. 发展套作大豆, 振兴大豆产业. 大豆科学, 2008, 27(1): 1–7



Yang W Y, Yong T W, Ren W J, Fan G Q, Mou J Y, Lu X L. Develop relay-planting soybean, revitalize soybean industry. Soybean Sci, 2008, 27(1): 1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[20] Uhart S A, Andrade F H. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: II. Carbon-nitrogen interaction effects on kernel number and grain yield. Crop Sci, 1995, 35: 1384–1389



[21] 徐祥玉, 张敏敏, 翟丙年, 李生秀. 施氮对不同基因型夏玉米干物质累积转移的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报. 2009, 15: 786–792



Xu X Y, Zhang M M, Zhai B N. Li S X. Effects of nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation and translocation of different genotypes of summer maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2009, 15: 786–792 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[22] 王小春, 杨文钰, 龚江洪, 卢小红, 李燕蓉. 播期对不同株型玉米灌浆特性的影响. 作物杂志, 2009, (2): 55–57



Wang X C, Yang W Y, Gong J H, Lu X H, Li Y R. Effects of sowing date on grain filling characteristics of maize with different plant types. Crops, 2009, (2): 55–57 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[23] 熊淑萍, 谷秋荣, 何建国, 马新明, 李琳. 水分处理对不同专用型小麦籽粒灌浆特征好产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2005, 23(4): 113–118



Xiong S P, Gu Q R, He J G, Ma X M, Li L. The effect of different water treatments on characteristics of wheat grain fill and yield of wheat with specialized end-uses. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2005, 23(4): 113–118 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[24] 申丽霞, 王璞, 张软斌. 施氮对不同种植密度下夏玉米产量及子粒灌浆的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11: 314–319



Shen L X, Wang P, Zhang R B. Effect of nitrogen supply on yield and grain filling in summer maize with different crop density. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2005, 11: 314–319 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[25] 雍太文, 杨文钰, 向达兵, 陈小容, 万燕. 小麦/玉米/大豆套作的产量、氮营养表现及其种间竞争力的评定. 草业学报, 2012, 21(1): 50–58



Yong T W, Yang W Y, Xiang D B, Chen X R, Wan Y. Production and N nutrient performance of wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system and evaluation of interspecies competition. Acta Pratacult Sin, 2012, 21(1): 50–58 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[26] 雍太文, 杨文钰, 向达兵, 万燕, 刘卫国, 王小春. 小麦/玉米/大豆和小麦/玉米/甘薯套作对土壤氮素含量及氮素转移的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 148–158



Yong T W, Yang W Y, Xiang D B, Wan Y, Liu W G, Wang X C. Effect of wheat/maize/soybean and wheat/maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping on soil nitrogen content and nitrogen transfer. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 148–158 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[27] 沈宏, 杨存义, 范小威, 严小龙. 大豆根系分泌物和根细胞壁对难溶性磷的活化. 生态环境, 2004, 13: 633–635



Shen H, Yang C Y, Fan X W, Yan X L. Mobilization of sparingly soluble phosphates by root exudates and root cell wall of soybean seedlings. Ecol Environ, 2004, 13: 633–635 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[28] 李文娟, 何萍, 金继运. 钾素营养对玉米生育后期干物质和养分积累与转运的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15: 799–807



Li W J, He P, Jin J Y. Potassium nutrition on dry matter and nutrients accumulation and translocation at reproductive stage of maize. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2009, 15: 799–807 (in Chinese with English abstract)



[29] 雍太文, 刘小明, 刘文钰, 苏本营, 宋春, 杨峰, 王小春, 杨文钰. 减量施氮对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及养分吸收利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25: 474–482



Yong T W, Liu X M, Liu W Y, Su B Y, Song C, Yang F, Wang X C, Yang W Y. Effect of reduced N application on yield and nutrient uptake and utilization in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2014, 25: 474–482 (in Chinese with English abstract)
[1] 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846.
[2] 马胜乾, 王志平, 陈浩天, 窦淑贤, 张燕, 邓艾兴, 张卫建, 原向阳, 宋振伟. 秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
[3] 张思思, 赵向辉, 周洋, 姚云凤, 朱荣昱, 董元杰, 胡国庆, 徐通, 刘兆新. 冬闲期翻耕和绿肥还田对连作花生田土壤理化性质和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1472-1486.
[4] 张宁宁, 滕雨菲, 任娜娜, 魏兴卓, 闫书豪, 樊可心, 王永宏, 陈文康, 张兴华, 朱万超, 徐淑兔, 薛吉全. 201份玉米自交系抗旱表型评价及可塑性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1309-1325.
[5] 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[6] 闫安, 蒋昆炜, 王蓉圆, 田林, 张璐, 王韵, 徐建龙. 水稻剑叶小维管束数基因SVN7的鉴定与克隆[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1364-1372.
[7] 刘昕萌, 任昊, 张继波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 王洪章. 茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)缓解高温影响玉米雌穗分化的生理机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1561-1572.
[8] 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521.
[9] 张鸿蓉, 王菲儿, 李盼, 仇海龙, 朱静, 赵连豪, 南运有, 何蔚, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 柴强, 殷文. 减量20%灌水与25%有机肥替代化肥提高青贮玉米产量的光合特性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1487-1500.
[10] 王宇诚, 张露, 刘阿康, 黄见良, 彭少兵, 袁珅. 基于产量差的作物大面积单产提升策略与展望[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1279-1290.
[11] 赵佳雪, 周龙昊, 郭岂源, 尚伦霄, 王涵, 刘志涛, 陈曦, 张晓佩, 宋宪亮, 毛丽丽. 长期秸秆还田与深松通过改善土壤环境与棉花光合特性提高滨海盐碱地棉花产量[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1548-1560.
[12] 郭星宇, 胡丹, 林苏期, 王梦凯, 谭文峰, 黄传琴. 生物炭配施化肥提高玉米‖大豆下玉米产量和土壤生态系统多功能性[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1536-1547.
[13] 蔡宏玮, 于爱忠, 姜科强, 王鹏飞, 王玉珑, 霍建喆, 庞小能, 尹波, 尚永盼. 干旱灌区有机肥替代部分化肥促进甜玉米产量提升的关键机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1166-1180.
[14] 崔雪梅, 柳妍娣, 刘景辉, 米俊珍, 武俊英, 赵宝平. 不同基因型燕麦强弱势粒生理特性与产量关系研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1220-1235.
[15] 杨锐, 陈敬东, 黄郢, 张学昆, 周登文, 刘清云, 徐劲松, 谢伶俐, 许本波. 长江下游冬油菜区应对气候变化的育种和栽培策略研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1153-1165.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备15008789号-2