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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 1005-1016.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

沿江双季稻北缘区晚稻适宜品种类型及高产群体特征

柯健1(), 陈婷婷1, 吴周2, 朱铁忠1, 孙杰1, 何海兵1, 尤翠翠1, 朱德泉1, 武立权1,3,*()   

  1. 1安徽农业大学, 安徽合肥 230036
    2安徽省庐江县农业技术推广中心, 安徽合肥 231500
    3江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-28 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-04-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-16
  • 通讯作者: 武立权
  • 作者简介:E-mail: Kej@ahau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300904);安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2019A0176);安徽省教育厅重点项目(KJ2018A0158);安徽省自然科学基金项目(1808085QC70);国家自然科学基金项目资助(31801286);国家自然科学基金项目资助(32071946)

Suitable varieties and high-yielding population characteristics of late season rice in the northern margin area of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River

KE Jian1(), CHEN Ting-Ting1, WU Zhou2, ZHU Tie-Zhong1, SUN Jie1, HE Hai-Bing1, YOU Cui-Cui1, ZHU De-Quan1, WU Li-Quan1,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
    2Lujiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Hefei 231500, Anhui, China
    3Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-01-28 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-04-12 Published online:2021-07-16
  • Contact: WU Li-Quan
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300904);Key Research Fund of the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2019A0176);Key Research Fund of the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2018A0158);National Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(1808085QC70);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801286);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071946)

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摘要：

研究沿江双季稻北缘区晚季籼稻和粳稻产量差异, 明确适宜类型品种及高产形成机制。试验于2018—2019年在安徽庐江进行, 以当地常规种植的17个籼稻和17个粳稻优质品种(系)为研究对象, 比较和分析籼稻和粳稻在产量及构成、物质积累和生育进程方面的差异。结果表明, 粳稻与籼稻总体上产量水平相当, 但粳稻产量限制因子少, 安全齐穗性有优势, 具有更高的产量稳产性和生态安全性。高产粳稻主要是通过增加移栽-抽穗期干重来增加总干物质积累, 以提高总颖花量和产量。不同穗型粳稻品种生育前中期不同阶段的干物质积累对总颖花量的影响差异较大, 其中大穗型(每穗粒数102.3~112.0)和小穗型粳稻(每穗粒数52.0~99.7)干物质优势积累期分别为移栽-穗分化期和穗分化期-抽穗期, 与总颖花量的相关系数达到0.709和0.829。进一步分析发现, 大穗型粳稻品种移栽-穗分化期干物质积累受穗分化期分蘖数显著影响, 而小穗型粳稻品种穗分化-抽穗期干物质积累由抽穗期分蘖数和单茎干重共同影响。综上所述, 本研究认为粳稻是沿江双季稻北缘区适宜的双季晚稻品种类型, 高产粳稻群体颖花量为33.8×103~41.0×103 m-2, 成熟期干物质积累为15.2~16.6 t hm-2, 日产量为58.9~64.3 kg hm-2 d-1。在品种选择上, 高产大穗型粳稻应具有较强的分蘖能力, 如嘉58、武育粳6571和常优5号; 而小穗型品种则应具有适宜的抽穗期分蘖数和单茎干重, 如宁粳7号、武育粳5745和沪香粳151。另外, 应针对不同穗型的高产粳稻品种研究其配套的优化栽培技术, 以进一步发挥品种产量潜力。

关键词: 沿江双季稻北缘区, 双季晚稻, 品种类型, 产量, 群体特征

Abstract:

To clarify the suitable types of rice varieties and the mechanism of high yield formation, we mainly analyzed the yield difference between indica and japonica rice in late season in the northern margin of the double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River. The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in Lujiang, Anhui province. The differences of yield and yield components, dry matter accumulation, and growth period between indica and japonica rice were compared and analyzed through 17 indica rice and 17 japonica rice varieties (strains) which were cultivated in this local area. The results showed that the overall yield level of japonical rice was similar to that of indica rice. However, compared with indica rice, the japonica rice had the characteristics of fewer yield-limiting factors, superior safety of panicle fullness, higher yield stability, and ecological safety. High-yield japonica rice mainly increased the total dry matter accumulation from transplanting to heading stage so as to improve total spikelets and yield. The effects of dry matter accumulation at different stage with different panicle types on total spikelets were quite different. Among them, the dominance period of dry matter accumulation of medium-large panicle (102.3-112.0 grains per panicle) and small panicle japonica rice (52.0-99.7 grains per panicle) are transplanting to panicle differentiation and panicle differentiation to heading stage respectively and the correlation coefficients with total spikelets were 0.709 and 0.829, respectively. Further analysis revealed that dry matter accumulation during transplanting to panicle differentiation stage of large panicle japonica rice was significantly affected by the number of tillers at tillering stage, while the dry matter accumulation during panicle differentiation to heading stage of small panicle japonica rice was affected by the number of tillers and dry weight of single stem at heading stage. In summary, this study suggested that japonica rice was a suitable late season rice variety in the northern margin area of double-cropping rice along the Yangtze River. The number of spikelets in the high-yielding japonica rice was 33.8×103-41.0×103 m-2, the dry matter accumulation at maturity was 15.2-16.6 t hm-2, and the daily yield was 58.9-64.3 kg hm-2 d-1. Regarding the selection of varieties, high-yield large-panicle japonica rice, such as Jia 58, Wuyujing 6571, and Changyou 5, should have strong tillering ability; while small-panicle rice varieties, such as Ningjing 7, Wuyujing 5745 and Huxiangjing 151, should have a suitable number of tillers at heading stage and dry weight of single stem. In addition, it was necessary to study the optimized cultivation techniques for high-yielding japonica rice varieties with different panicle types in order to further develop the yield potential.

Key words: the northern margin area of Yangtze River, double-cropping late rice, variety types, grain yield, group characteristics

图1

2018-2019年晚稻生长季气象数据"

表1

品种和年份对水稻产量影响的方差分析"

品种类型
Cultivar type		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
DF		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean square		 F值
F-value		 P值
P-value
籼稻 年份 Year 1 1.76 1.76 43.27 0
Indica rice 品种 Cultivar 16 157.87 9.87 242.51 0
年份 × 品种 Year × Cultivar 16 0.30 0.02 0.46 0.96
粳稻 年份 Year 1 1.23 1.23 30.97 0
Japonica rice 品种 Cultivar 16 112.12 7.01 176.49 0
年份 × 品种 Year × Cultivar 16 0.50 0.03 0.79 0.69

图2

不同类型水稻品种的产量差异"

图3

不同类型水稻产量的系统聚类分析"

表2

不同类型水稻品种各产量水平下的产量及构成因素"

类型
Cultivar type		 产量水平
Yield level		 有效穗数
Panicles
(m-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 总颖花量
Spikelets
(×103 m-2)		 结实率
Grain filling percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
IR HY 440.8±47.2 a 107.8±13.1 a 47.0±1.8 a 81.8±4.0 a 24.5±0.8 a 9.4±0.1 a
MY 405.8±53.4 a 122.0±18.4 a 49.0±6.3 a 65.0±10.3 b 24.4±1.5 a 7.6±0.4 b
LY 401.7±47.7 a 81.7±12.8 b 33.0±7.4 b 75.1±6.3 ab 25.6±5.8 a 6.1±0.6 c
JR HY 373.2±33.0 a 100.8±10.5 ab 37.4±3.6 a 87.6±7.0 a 27.1±1.1 a 8.8±0.3 a
MY 317.5±17.8 a 102.2±4.2 a 32.6±2.6 b 87.0±5.6 a 27.6±1.5 a 7.8±0.3 b
LY 371.0±93.0 a 82.3±24.6 b 29.0±3.8 b 83.6±7.3 a 26.3±1.6 a 6.3±0.4 c
Cultivar type (C) ** ns ** ** * ns
Yield level (Y) ns ** ** * ns **
C×Y ns ns * * ns *

图5

晚粳稻总颖花量与产量和干物质积累与总颖花量的关系 缩写同表3。"

表3

不同类型水稻品种各产量水平下的干物质积累和收获指数"

品种类型
Cultivar type		 产量水平
Yield level		 干物质积累 DMA (t hm-2) 收获指数
Harvest index
移栽-穗分化期
TP-PI		 穗分化-抽穗期
PI-HS		 抽穗-成熟期
HS-MS		 移栽-成熟期
TP-MS
IR HY 5.1±0.7 a 7.4±1.4 a 5.1±1.6 ab 17.6±0.6 a 0.53±0.02 a
MY 4.8±0.7 a 5.5±1.0 b 5.7±1.4 a 16.0±1.0 b 0.48±0.04 b
LY 5.0±0.4 a 7.4±1.3 a 3.5±1.2 b 15.8±1.7 b 0.39±0.04 c
JR HY 2.9±0.6 a 8.1±1.8 a 4.8±1.3 a 15.9±0.7 a 0.56±0.04 a
MY 2.1±0.3 a 6.2±1.1 b 5.5±2.8 a 13.8±2.3 ab 0.58±0.10 a
LY 2.7±0.8 a 4.5±1.1 b 4.6±1.9 a 11.8±1.7 b 0.54±0.10 a
Cultivar type (C) ** ns ns ** **
Yield level (Y) ns ** ns ** *
C×Y ns ** ns ns ns

图4

不同类型水稻品种各产量水平下生育期和日产量 缩写同表2。"

图6

不同穗型晚粳稻总颖花量与干物质积累的关系 缩写同表3。"

图7

不同穗型晚粳稻各产量水平下的分蘖数和单茎干重 缩写同表2和表3。"

图8

晚粳稻阶段干物质积累与分蘖数和单茎干重的关系 缩写同表3。"

表4

沿江地区近20年籼稻的安全齐穗期"

起止年份
Beginning and ending years		 安全齐穗期
Safe dates of full heading
(month/day)		 平均安全
齐穗期
The average of the safe dates of full heading (month/day)		 齐穗期变异
的标准差
Standard
deviation of
dates of full
heading (d)		 50%保证率下的安全齐穗期
50% of the safe dates of full heading (month/day)		 80%保证率下的安全齐穗期
80% of the safe dates of full heading (month/day)		 90%保证率下的安全齐穗期
90% of the safe dates of full heading (month/day)
最早年
The earliest year		 最晚年
The latest year
1998-2017 9/13 10/7 9/24 5.8 9/24 9/18 9/16
1998-2007 9/13 10/7 9/24 7.4 9/24 9/21 9/20
2008-2017 9/17 9/28 9/23 4.0 9/23 9/20 9/19
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