作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 1005-1016.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12006
柯健1(
), 陈婷婷1, 吴周2, 朱铁忠1, 孙杰1, 何海兵1, 尤翠翠1, 朱德泉1, 武立权1,3,*(
)
KE Jian1(
), CHEN Ting-Ting1, WU Zhou2, ZHU Tie-Zhong1, SUN Jie1, HE Hai-Bing1, YOU Cui-Cui1, ZHU De-Quan1, WU Li-Quan1,3,*(
)
摘要:
研究沿江双季稻北缘区晚季籼稻和粳稻产量差异, 明确适宜类型品种及高产形成机制。试验于2018—2019年在安徽庐江进行, 以当地常规种植的17个籼稻和17个粳稻优质品种(系)为研究对象, 比较和分析籼稻和粳稻在产量及构成、物质积累和生育进程方面的差异。结果表明, 粳稻与籼稻总体上产量水平相当, 但粳稻产量限制因子少, 安全齐穗性有优势, 具有更高的产量稳产性和生态安全性。高产粳稻主要是通过增加移栽-抽穗期干重来增加总干物质积累, 以提高总颖花量和产量。不同穗型粳稻品种生育前中期不同阶段的干物质积累对总颖花量的影响差异较大, 其中大穗型(每穗粒数102.3~112.0)和小穗型粳稻(每穗粒数52.0~99.7)干物质优势积累期分别为移栽-穗分化期和穗分化期-抽穗期, 与总颖花量的相关系数达到0.709和0.829。进一步分析发现, 大穗型粳稻品种移栽-穗分化期干物质积累受穗分化期分蘖数显著影响, 而小穗型粳稻品种穗分化-抽穗期干物质积累由抽穗期分蘖数和单茎干重共同影响。综上所述, 本研究认为粳稻是沿江双季稻北缘区适宜的双季晚稻品种类型, 高产粳稻群体颖花量为33.8×103~41.0×103 m-2, 成熟期干物质积累为15.2~16.6 t hm-2, 日产量为58.9~64.3 kg hm-2 d-1。在品种选择上, 高产大穗型粳稻应具有较强的分蘖能力, 如嘉58、武育粳6571和常优5号; 而小穗型品种则应具有适宜的抽穗期分蘖数和单茎干重, 如宁粳7号、武育粳5745和沪香粳151。另外, 应针对不同穗型的高产粳稻品种研究其配套的优化栽培技术, 以进一步发挥品种产量潜力。
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