作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 695-703.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14038
丁红(), 徐扬, 张冠初, 秦斐斐, 戴良香*(
), 张智猛*(
)
DING Hong(), XU Yang, ZHANG Guan-Chu, QIN Fei-Fei, DAI Liang-Xiang*(
), ZHANG Zhi-Meng*(
)
摘要:
为明确不同生育期干旱胁迫与氮肥施用对花生氮素吸收利用的影响, 利用15N示踪技术, 研究了不同水分条件下氮肥施用对花生各器官肥料氮吸收利用以及氮肥残留和损失情况的影响。水分设置为正常供水(WW, 75%~80%田间持水量)、花针期轻度干旱胁迫(FD, 55%~60%田间持水量)和结荚期轻度干旱胁迫(PD, 55%~60%田间持水量) 3个条件, 氮肥水平设置为不施氮(LN)、中氮(MN, 90 kg hm-2)、高氮(HN, 180 kg hm-2)。结果表明, 与正常供水条件相比, 不同生育期干旱胁迫均降低了花生产量和植株氮素积累量, 且花针期干旱胁迫的降低幅度大于结荚期干旱胁迫。花生籽仁的氮素积累量占全株氮素积累量的68.42%~77.67%。与WWMN处理相比, FDMN处理下花生各器官氮肥吸收比例(Ndff, the percentage of N derived from 15N fertilizer)和15N积累量显著提高, 且促进了氮素向籽仁的转运, PDMN处理下籽仁15N积累量却显著降低。花生对15N标记氮肥的回收率为30.20%~38.42%, 残留率为37.12%~48.83%, 损失率为12.75%~32.68%。FDMN处理下氮肥回收率最高, 损失率最低。表明90 kg hm-2的施氮水平促进了干旱胁迫下花生产量的提高和氮素吸收利用, 降低了肥料氮的损失。
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