不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640产量和氮素吸收利用的特点

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12070

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2285-2299.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12070

不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640产量和氮素吸收利用的特点

周群¹^,²(), 袁锐¹^,², 朱宽宇¹^,², 王志琴¹^,², 杨建昌¹^,²^,^*()

1.江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 扬州大学农学院, 江苏扬州 225009
2.江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009

收稿日期:2021-10-12 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-09-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-15
通讯作者: 杨建昌
作者简介:E-mail: qunzhou19890812@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(XKYCX17_052);国家自然科学基金项目(32071943)

Characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of indica/japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 under different nitrogen application rates

ZHOU Qun¹^,²(), YUAN Rui¹^,², ZHU Kuan-Yu¹^,², WANG Zhi-Qin¹^,², YANG Jian-Chang¹^,²^,^*()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
2. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-10-12 Accepted:2022-01-05 Published:2022-09-12 Published online:2022-07-15
Contact: YANG Jian-Chang
Supported by:
Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(XKYCX17_052);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071943)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探明在不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻产量、氮素吸收利用及损失的特点。2018—2019年籼/粳杂交稻品种甬优2640和常规粳稻品种连粳7号(对照品种1)和常规籼稻品种扬稻6号(对照品种2)种植于大田, 设置6种施氮量(0、100、200、300、400和500 kg hm^-2)处理和¹⁵N示踪微区试验。3个供试品种的产量均随施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势, 甬优2640在施氮量为400 kg hm^-2时产量最高, 连粳7号和扬稻6号均在施氮量为300 kg hm^-2时产量最高。在相同施氮量下, 甬优2640的产量高于对照品种。¹⁵N示踪试验表明, 适量增加施氮量(甬优2640≤400 kg hm^-2、连粳7号和扬稻6号≤300 kg hm^-2), 可以增加成熟期植株和穗中肥料氮积累量、土壤中的残留量、肥料氮对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率、肥料氮的损失量和损失率, 降低土壤氮对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率、肥料氮的植株吸收利用率和在土壤的残留率。在相同施氮量下, 甬优2640的肥料氮吸收量、在穗中的积累量、对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率均高于对照品种, 肥料氮的损失量、损失率、在土壤的残留率均低于对照品种。肥料氮的21.0%~35.7%、6.7%~23.7%和42.3%~72.6%分别被植株吸收、残留在土壤中以及流失到了生态系统中。在相同施氮量条件下, 与常规高产品种相比, 籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640的产量和氮吸收利用率均较高, 氮损失率较低。在本试验条件下, 甬优2640产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高的施氮量为300 kg hm^-2, 产量可达13.0 t hm^-2。

关键词: 籼/粳杂交稻, 施氮量, 产量, ¹⁵N示踪, 氮素吸收利用

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen (N) absorption, distribution, utilization, and loss in indica/japonica hybrid rice under different N application rates. In 2018 and 2019, an indica/japonica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 2640 (YY2640), a high-yielding japonica inbred rice cultivar Lianjing 7 (LJ-7, CK 1) and a high-yielding inbred indica rice cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD-6, CK2) were grown in the field, with six N rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 kg hm^-2) and an ¹⁵N tracer micro-plot experiment. With the increase in N application rates, the grain yield of each test cultivar was increased first and then was decreased, and the highest grain yield was at the N rate of 400 kg hm^-2 for YY2640 and 300 kg hm^-2 for both check cultivars. At the same N rate, the grain yield of YY2640 was higher than that of either LJ-7 or YD-6. The ¹⁵N tracer experiment showed that when the rate of N application was less than 400 kg hm^-2 for YY2640 and less than 300 kg hm^-2 for LJ-7 and YD-6, the application of N increased the fertilizer-N accumulation in panicles at maturity stage, the accumulation of fertilizer-N in plants, residual-N in the soil, the contribution rate of fertilizer-N to aboveground plant-N accumulation, and the loss fertilizer-N into environment for all the test cultivars, whereas the contribution rate of soil-N to the plant-N accumulation, fertilizer-N absorption and utilization rate, and soil-N residue rate were decreased. At the same N rate, the amount of fertilizer-N accumulation in plants especially in panicles, the contribution rate of fertilizer-N to aboveground plant-N accumulation, fertilizer-N absorption and utilization rate were higher for YY2640 than for the two check cultivars. In contrast, the loss amount, loss rate, and the residue rate in the soil of fertilizer-N were lower for YY2640 than for the two check cultivars. Overall, 21.0%-35.7%, 6.7%-23.7%, and 42.3%-72.6% of fertilizer-N were absorbed by plants, remained in soil and lost to ecosystem, respectively. At the same N rate, compared with inbred rice cultivars, the indica/japonica hybrid rice cultivar YY2640 exhibited higher grain yield, N uptake, utilization, and less N loss. Under the conditions of the present experiment, N application rate of YY2640 for the synergistic increase of yield and N use efficiency was 300 kg hm^-2, and the grain yield could reach 13.0 t hm^-2.

Key words: indica-japonica hybrid rice, nitrogen application rate, grain yield, ¹⁵N tracer, nitrogen absorption and utilization

周群, 袁锐, 朱宽宇, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640产量和氮素吸收利用的特点[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(9): 2285-2299.

ZHOU Qun, YUAN Rui, ZHU Kuan-Yu, WANG Zhi-Qin, YANG Jian-Chang. Characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of indica/japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 under different nitrogen application rates[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(9): 2285-2299.

图/表 9

表1

不同施氮量下的水稻产量及其构成因素"

年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	产量 Grain yeild (t hm^-2)	穗数 Panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花数 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
2018
甬优2640	0	7.6 ± 0.10 h	128.2 ± 2.9 k	267.2 ± 2.8 d	342.5 ± 5.2 k	87.6 ± 0.2 bc	25.4 ± 0.07 e
YY2640	100	9.6 ± 0.12 e	156.5 ± 2.2 i	289.4 ± 4.0 c	453.2 ± 6.0 f	86.3 ± 1.0 c	25.3 ± 0.18 e
	200	11.7 ± 0.02 b	182.6 ± 3.3 h	317.3 ± 3.4 b	579.4 ± 8.8 c	85.7 ± 0.7 cd	25.3 ± 0.11 e
	300	12.9 ± 0.07 a	192.3 ± 1.9 g	340.1 ± 5.9 a	654.0 ± 5.0 b	82.7 ± 0.6 e	24.9 ± 0.23 f
	400	13.3 ± 0.16 a	200.6 ± 1.9 f	342.6 ± 3.0 a	687.3 ± 12.0 a	80.3 ± 0.5 f	24.5 ± 0.18 f
	500	13.0 ± 0.13 a	205.1 ± 1.4 ef	336.2 ± 4.3 a	689.5 ± 6.2 a	78.2 ± 0.6 g	24.3 ± 0.13 f
连粳7号	0	6.4 ± 0.10 i	221.9 ± 2.1 d	119.9 ± 2.2 k	266.1 ± 4.4 m	91.0 ± 1.5 a	27.4 ± 0.20 c
LJ-7	100	8.3 ± 0.05 g	260.9 ± 1.9 c	131.9 ± 3.3 j	344.1 ± 7.9 k	90.6 ± 2.2 a	27.3 ± 0.25 c
	200	10.1 ± 0.10 d	290.3 ± 1.1 b	154.0 ± 3.2 i	447.0 ± 5.8 g	89.3 ± 2.3 b	27.2 ± 0.14 cd
	300	10.7 ± 0.11 c	308.2 ± 2.2 a	163.7 ± 4.6 h	504.1 ± 11.7 e	85.1 ± 2.0 d	26.6 ± 0.18 d
	400	10.3 ± 0.16 cd	309.0 ± 1.6 a	165.4 ± 2.2 h	511.3 ± 8.5 d	82.1 ± 1.2 e	26.3 ± 0.16 d
	500	9.6 ± 0.16 e	304.6 ± 1.3 a	162.9 ± 2.8 h	499.4 ± 4.7 e	80.6 ± 1.7 f	26.1 ± 0.23 d
扬稻6号	0	6.0 ± 0.02 j	139.1 ± 2.0 j	166.4 ± 2.3 h	231.4 ± 6.0 n	87.0 ± 1.2 c	30.9 ± 0.24 a
YD-6	100	7.3 ± 0.05 h	159.5 ± 3.2 i	185.0 ± 3.3 g	295.1 ± 7.1 l	85.9 ± 0.9 cd	30.5 ± 0.11 a
	200	8.5 ± 0.11 g	183.8 ± 2.6 h	197.1 ± 4.3 f	362.3 ± 7.9 k	84.8 ± 1.4 d	30.1 ± 0.16 ab
	300	9.4 ± 0.25 ef	205.3 ± 3.8 ef	207.2 ± 5.5 e	425.2 ± 11.3 h	83.5 ± 2.3 de	29.8 ± 0.14 b
	400	9.1 ± 0.11 f	211.6 ± 1.6 e	197.7 ± 3.3 f	417.5 ± 9.5 i	82.3 ± 0.9 e	29.7 ± 0.13 b
	500	8.6 ± 0.08 g	206.8 ± 1.5 ef	196.3 ± 2.0 f	404.7 ± 5.8 j	80.7 ± 2.6 f	29.5 ± 0.11 b
2019
甬优2640	0	7.4 ± 0.13 f	126.6 ± 3.6 k	266.7 ± 2.3 f	337.8 ± 6.4 k	87.4 ± 0.2 c	25.5 ± 0.04 e
YY2640	100	9.4 ± 0.15 d	154.3 ± 2.7 i	287.2 ± 3.3 e	443.1 ± 7.3 f	86.6 ± 1.2 cd	25.5 ± 0.10 e
	200	11.6 ± 0.03 b	176.1 ± 4.0 h	325.0 ± 2.9 d	572.3 ± 10.9 c	85.8 ± 0.9 d	25.4 ± 0.06 e
	300	13.1 ± 0.09 a	189.6 ± 2.4 g	340.9 ± 4.9 b	646.3 ± 6.2 b	83.4 ± 0.7 e	24.9 ± 0.13 f
	400	13.4 ± 0.21 a	199.1 ± 2.3 f	341.0 ± 2.5 a	678.9 ± 14.8 a	81.8 ± 0.8 f	24.7 ± 0.10 f
	500	13.2 ± 0.18 a	204.7 ± 1.7 ef	338.2 ± 3.6 c	692.3 ± 7.8 a	79.2 ± 0.8 g	24.4 ± 0.07 f
年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	产量 Grain yeild (t hm^-2)	穗数 Panicles per m²	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花数 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grain (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
连粳7号	0	6.3 ± 0.13 g	218.6 ± 2.6 d	118.7 ± 1.8 o	259.5 ± 5.4 m	91.4 ± 1.9 a	27.4 ± 0.11 c
LJ-7	100	8.3 ± 0.07 e	255.9 ± 2.3 c	132.7 ± 2.8 n	339.6 ± 9.8 k	90.8 ± 2.7 a	27.3 ± 0.14 c
	200	10.1 ± 0.13 c	284.1 ± 1.4 b	154.1 ± 2.7 m	437.8 ± 7.1 f	89.3 ± 2.9 b	27.2 ± 0.08 c
	300	10.5 ± 0.14 c	297.2 ± 2.6 a	164.9 ± 3.9 l	490.1 ± 14.2 de	85.3 ± 2.5 d	26.8 ± 0.10 d
	400	10.3 ± 0.21 c	301.8 ± 1.9 a	165.1 ± 1.8 l	498.3 ± 10.3 d	82.3 ± 1.5 ef	26.5 ± 0.09 d
	500	9.5 ± 0.21 d	297.2 ± 1.6 a	163.1 ± 2.3 l	481.3 ± 5.7 e	80.3 ± 2.1 g	26.3 ± 0.13 d
扬稻6号	0	6.0 ± 0.03 g	137.4 ± 2.5 j	167.5 ± 1.9 k	230.1 ± 7.5 n	87.2 ± 1.5 c	30.6 ± 0.13 a
YD-6	100	7.2 ± 0.07 f	158.2 ± 4.0 i	173.4 ± 2.6 j	274.3 ± 8.3 l	86.1 ± 1.1 d	30.5 ± 0.06 a
	200	8.4 ± 0.14 e	186.8 ± 3.3 g	191.3 ± 3.5 i	357.3 ± 9.8 j	85.2 ± 1.8 d	30.3 ± 0.10 ab
	300	9.3 ± 0.32 d	203.7 ± 4.7 ef	209.5 ± 4.6 g	426.8 ± 14.2 g	83.3 ± 2.9 e	29.9 ± 0.08 b
	400	9.1 ± 0.15 d	208.4 ± 2.0 e	199.1 ± 2.8 h	414.9 ± 11.8 h	82.1 ± 1.1 ef	29.7 ± 0.11 b
	500	8.6 ± 0.10 e	203.8 ± 1.9 ef	197.8 ± 1.7 h	403.1 ± 7.2 i	80.9 ± 3.3 fg	29.6 ± 0.06 b
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C×N		**	**	**	**	**	*
Y×C×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表1

图1

表2

不同施氮量下水稻肥料氮和土壤氮吸收量和吸收率"

年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	氮吸收总量 Total N uptake (kg hm^-2)	植株吸收肥料氮量 PNdff (kg hm^-2)	植株吸收土壤氮量 PNdfs (kg hm^-2)	植株吸收肥料氮率 PNdff (%)	植株吸收土壤氮率 PNdfs (%)
2018
甬优2640	100	151.3 ± 2.7 f	36.2 ± 1.2 j	115.1 ± 0.9 e	23.9 ± 0.7 i	76.1 ± 0.9 a
YY2640	200	195.1 ± 5.6 d	58.0 ± 1.2 g	137.1 ± 4.0 c	29.7 ± 0.4 g	70.3 ± 1.6 c
	300	237.5 ± 4.7 b	85.6 ± 1.3 d	151.9 ± 6.2 a	36.0 ± 0.7 f	64.0 ± 1.9 d
	400	255.2 ± 6.5 a	109.2 ± 3.3 b	146.0 ± 2.5 b	42.8 ± 1.3 e	57.2 ± 0.1 e
	500	258.7 ± 2.8 a	122.0 ± 0.9 a	138.7 ± 5.5 ab	46.4 ± 2.0 c	53.6 ± 1.2 h
连粳7号	100	139.8 ± 4.1 g	32.7 ± 0.3 l	107.1 ± 2.5 f	23.4 ± 0.7 i	76.6 ± 1.6 a
LJ-7	200	179.2 ± 3.5 e	50.2 ± 0.7 i	129.0 ± 4.4 d	28.0 ± 0.5 h	72.0 ± 0.6 b
	300	205.6 ± 4.2 c	73.6 ± 0.4 f	132.0 ± 5.5 cd	35.8 ± 0.2 f	64.2 ± 2.6 d
	400	208.5 ± 3.7 c	90.9 ± 1.9 c	117.6 ± 5.8 e	43.6 ± 0.3 d	56.4 ± 1.4 f
	500	213.2 ± 5.2 c	107.7 ± 0.8 b	105.5 ± 1.2 f	50.5 ± 1.6 a	49.5 ± 1.5 j
扬稻6号	100	146.4 ± 3.4 f	34.6 ± 1.5 k	111.8 ± 5.5 e	23.6 ± 0.8 i	76.4 ± 1.4 a
YD-6	200	188.4 ± 3.8 d	55.2 ± 1.4 h	133.2 ± 5.5 cd	29.3 ± 1.1 g	70.7 ± 0.8 c
	300	227.0 ± 4.9 b	81.0 ± 2.8 e	146.0 ± 3.4 b	35.7 ± 1.0 f	64.3 ± 1.9 d
	400	231.7 ± 4.2 b	108.2 ± 0.8 b	133.5 ± 4.7 cd	44.8 ± 1.8 c	55.2 ± 1.8 g
	500	235.2 ± 5.4 b	120.1 ± 5.9 a	129.1 ± 5.7 d	48.2 ± 0.5 b	51.8 ± 2.3 i
2019
甬优2640	100	152.8 ± 2.2 f	36.6 ± 0.2 j	116.2 ± 5.3 e	24.1 ± 0.3 i	75.9 ± 3.7 a
YY2640	200	198.4 ± 4.6 d	59.0 ± 2.6 g	139.4 ± 6.8 c	30.2 ± 1.4 g	69.8 ± 2.0 c
	300	243.9 ± 3.9 b	87.9 ± 1.0 d	156.0 ± 7.3 a	37.0 ± 1.9 f	63.0 ± 2.3 d
	400	257.8 ± 5.3 a	107.3 ± 3.6 b	150.5 ± 2.3 ab	41.6 ± 1.0 e	58.4 ± 2.6 e
	500	261.9 ± 2.3 a	123.5 ± 2.7 a	138.4 ± 1.0 b	47.2 ± 1.3 c	52.8 ± 2.1 g
连粳7号	100	141.6 ± 3.3 g	33.1 ± 1.6 l	108.5 ± 4.7 f	23.7 ± 0.4 i	76.3 ± 0.5 a
LJ-7	200	181.1 ± 2.8 e	50.7 ± 1.9 i	130.4 ± 6.5 d	28.3 ± 1.1 h	71.7 ± 2.4 b
	300	203.8 ± 3.3 c	73.0 ± 2.5 f	130.8 ± 3.3 cd	35.5 ± 1.5 f	64.5 ± 1.5 d
	400	213.1 ± 3.0 c	92.9 ± 2.1 c	120.2 ± 2.0 e	44.6 ± 1.0 d	55.4 ± 2.5 f
	500	216.5 ± 4.2 c	109.4 ± 3.2 b	107.1 ± 5.0 f	51.3 ± 0.1 a	48.7 ± 0.8 i
扬稻6号	100	146.1 ± 2.7 f	34.5 ± 0.6 k	111.6 ± 1.2 e	23.6 ± 1.1 i	76.4 ± 0.7 a
YD-6	200	189.7 ± 3.1 d	55.6 ± 1.3 h	134.1 ± 5.2 cd	29.5 ± 0.8 g	70.5 ± 2.5 c
	300	230.7 ± 4.0 b	82.3 ± 2.8 e	148.4 ± 1.6 b	36.3 ± 0.1 f	63.7 ± 1.1 d
	400	232.8 ± 3.4 b	108.7 ± 0.7 b	134.1 ± 4.0 cd	45.0 ± 0.2 c	55.0 ± 1.4 f
	500	235.8 ± 4.3 b	120.4 ± 3.0 a	129.4 ± 3.2 d	48.3 ± 0.2 b	51.7 ± 2.3 h
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	*	*
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C×N		**	**	**	**	**
Y×C×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表2

图2

表3

不同施氮量下肥料氮在水稻成熟期地上部分的分配"

年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	肥料氮分配量 Fertilizer-derived N distribution (kg hm^-2)			肥料氮的分配率 Distribution rate of fertilizer-derived N in plants (%)
年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Ear	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Ear
2018
甬优2640	100	7.8 ± 0.4 n	3.0 ± 0.1 l	25.4 ± 0.4 j	21.5 ± 0.5 n	8.3 ± 0.3 h	70.2 ± 0.4 a
YY2640	200	14.9 ± 0.3 k	4.2 ± 0.2 j	38.9 ± 1.4 c	25.7 ± 1.0 m	7.2 ± 0.2 i	67.1 ± 0.1 b
	300	25.6 ± 0.6 h	6.1 ± 0.1 h	53.8 ± 1.0 b	29.9 ± 1.2 k	7.1 ± 0.3 i	62.9 ± 0.9 c
	400	36.8 ± 1.1 e	10.8 ± 0.3 e	61.6 ± 0.3 a	33.7 ± 0.7 i	9.9 ± 0.1 f	56.4 ± 2.4 f
	500	46.2 ± 0.3 c	15.0 ± 0.4 c	60.7 ± 1.9 a	37.9 ± 0.9 f	12.3 ± 0.4 d	49.8 ± 1.2 i
连粳7号	100	9.1 ± 0.1 m	3.5 ± 0.2 k	20.1 ± 0.2 k	27.8 ± 1.1 l	10.7 ± 0.1 e	61.5 ± 1.5 d
LJ-7	200	17.3 ± 0.4 j	4.8 ± 0.1 i	28.2 ± 0.6 i	34.4 ± 0.7 h	9.5 ± 0.4 fg	56.1 ± 0.2 f
	300	27.7 ± 0.6 g	7.2 ± 0.2 g	38.7 ± 0.7 c	37.6 ± 0.3 f	9.8 ± 0.1 f	52.6 ± 0.6 h
	400	40.8 ± 0.7 d	12.5 ± 0.1 d	37.6 ± 1.0 d	44.9 ± 1.9 d	13.8 ± 0.3 c	41.4 ± 1.3 k
	500	54.0 ± 0.8 b	18.7 ± 0.3 b	35.0 ± 1.3 g	50.1 ± 0.9 b	17.4 ± 0.2 a	32.5 ± 1.4 m
扬稻6号	100	11.2 ± 0.5 l	3.6 ± 0.1 k	19.8 ± 0.9 k	32.4 ± 1.6 j	10.4 ± 0.4 e	57.2 ± 1.9 e
YD-6	200	20.0 ± 0.3 i	5.1 ± 0.2 i	30.1 ± 0.6 h	36.2 ± 1.3 g	9.2 ± 0.4 g	54.5 ± 2.4 g
	300	34.2 ± 1.5 f	10.0 ± 0.4 f	36.8 ± 1.3 e	42.2 ± 0.1 e	12.3 ± 0.4 d	45.4 ± 2.1 j
	400	53.7 ± 0.9 b	18.3 ± 0.5 b	36.2 ± 0.3 f	49.6 ± 0.3 c	16.9 ± 0.8 b	33.5 ± 1.6 l
	500	55.9 ± 1.1 a	19.4 ± 0.2 a	34.9 ± 0.2 g	50.7 ± 2.3 a	17.6 ± 0.2 a	31.7 ± 1.2 n
2019
甬优2640	100	7.5 ± 0.3 n	2.8 ± 0.2 l	24.8 ± 0.6 j	21.4 ± 0.7 n	8.0 ± 0.3 h	70.7 ± 2.4 a
YY2640	200	14.6 ± 0.3 k	4.1 ± 0.1 j	38.6 ± 1.6 c	25.5 ± 0.8 m	7.2 ± 0.2 i	67.4 ± 0.3 b
	300	25.2 ± 0.4 h	6.0 ± 0.2 h	53.8 ± 1.0 b	29.6 ± 0.8 k	7.1 ± 0.1 i	63.3 ± 1.8 c
	400	35.9 ± 0.2 e	10.6 ± 0.1 e	61.1 ± 2.1 a	33.4 ± 1.4 i	9.9 ± 0.3 f	56.8 ± 1.7 f
	500	45.3 ± 2.1 c	14.8 ± 0.3 c	60.5 ± 0.5 a	37.6 ± 0.2 f	12.3 ± 0.1 d	50.2 ± 2.4 i
连粳7号	100	8.9 ± 0.1 m	3.4 ± 0.1 k	20.1 ± 0.8 k	27.5 ± 0.8 l	10.5 ± 0.3 e	62.0 ± 0.9 d
LJ-7	200	17.2 ± 0.3 j	4.7 ± 0.2 i	28.4 ± 0.1 i	34.2 ± 0.2 h	9.3 ± 0.1 g	56.5 ± 1.2 f
	300	26.6 ± 0.3 g	6.9 ± 0.1 g	37.8 ± 0.9 c	37.3 ± 0.3 f	9.7 ± 0.5 f	53.0 ± 0.7 h
	400	39.0 ± 1.8 d	11.6 ± 0.2 d	36.1 ± 1.5 d	45.0 ± 0.1 d	13.4 ± 0.4 c	41.6 ± 1.4 k
	500	51.8 ± 1.6 b	17.1 ± 0.3 b	34.3 ± 0.2 g	50.2 ± 0.8 b	16.6 ± 0.1 b	33.2 ± 1.7 m
扬稻6号	100	11.1 ± 0.5 l	3.5 ± 0.1 k	19.9 ± 0.8 k	32.2 ± 1.0 j	10.1 ± 0.1 ef	57.7 ± 1.3 e
YD-6	200	20.7 ± 0.3 i	5.2 ± 0.3 i	31.6 ± 0.9 h	36.0 ± 1.1 g	9.0 ± 0.4 g	55.0 ± 2.8 g
	300	33.9 ± 0.5 f	9.9 ± 0.2 f	37.1 ± 1.0 e	41.9 ± 1.3 e	12.2 ± 0.3 d	45.9 ± 0.4 j
	400	50.6 ± 2.5 b	17.6 ± 0.7 b	35.3 ± 0.7 f	48.9 ± 0.1 c	17.0 ± 0.7 b	34.1 ± 1.5 l
	500	56.4 ± 0.3 a	20.2 ± 0.6 a	34.2 ± 1.0 g	50.9 ± 0.3 a	18.2 ± 0.8 a	30.9 ± 0.3 n
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	**	**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Y×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C×N		**	**	**	**	**	**
Y×C×N		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表3

表4

不同施氮量下水稻植株肥料氮吸收利用率、土壤残留率和损失率"

年度/品种 Year/cultivar	施氮量 N rate (kg hm^-2)	肥料氮吸收利用率 RE-¹⁵N (%)	肥料氮土壤残留率 NRS (%)	肥料氮损失率 Loss (%)
2018
甬优2640	100	36.2 ± 0.4 a	21.1 ± 0.3 c	42.7 ± 1.3 h
YY2640	200	29.0 ± 1.1 d	12.4 ± 0.6 f	58.7 ± 1.5 f
	300	28.5 ± 0.9 d	9.2 ± 0.1 i	62.3 ± 3.1 d
	400	27.3 ± 0.6 ef	7.6 ± 0.4 k	65.1 ± 0.8 c
	500	24.4 ± 0.1 hi	7.0 ± 0.1 m	68.6 ± 2.4 b
连粳7号	100	32.7 ± 0.4 c	23.7 ± 0.2 a	43.6 ± 0.2 g
LJ-7	200	25.1 ± 0.1 g	15.4 ± 0.1 d	59.5 ± 1.7 e
	300	24.5 ± 0.7 h	11.0 ± 0.5 g	64.5 ± 1.5 c
	400	22.7 ± 0.8 j	8.8 ± 0.2 j	68.5 ± 0.8 b
	500	21.5 ± 0.3 k	7.4 ± 0.3 l	71.1 ± 0.4 a
扬稻6号	100	34.6 ± 1.5 b	23.1 ± 1.0 b	42.3 ± 1.8 h
YD-6	200	27.6 ± 1.4 e	13.8 ± 0.4 e	58.6 ± 2.1 f
	300	27.0 ± 0.9 f	10.5 ± 0.2 h	62.5 ± 2.8 d
	400	27.0 ± 0.6 f	8.6 ± 0.1 j	64.4 ± 0.8 c
	500	24.0 ± 0.6 i	7.3 ± 0.1 l	68.7 ± 0.8 b
2019
甬优2640	100	35.2 ± 1.3 a	20.9 ± 0.9 c	43.9 ± 1.4 j
YY2640	200	28.6 ± 0.3 d	11.9 ± 0.1 f	59.5 ± 0.4 h
	300	28.3 ± 0.7 d	9.0 ± 0.1 i	62.7 ± 1.4 g
	400	26.9 ± 0.5 e	7.0 ± 0.1 j	66.1 ± 2.5 f
	500	24.1 ± 0.5 h	6.4 ± 0.1 k	69.5 ± 2.8 c
连粳7号	100	32.5 ± 1.2 c	23.6 ± 0.4 a	43.9 ± 0.4 j
LJ-7	200	25.2 ± 0.9 g	15.5 ± 0.7 d	59.3 ± 2.5 h
	300	23.8 ± 1.1 i	9.8 ± 0.1 h	66.4 ± 1.4 f
	400	21.7 ± 0.2 j	6.6 ± 0.1 k	71.7 ± 1.1 b
	500	20.6 ± 0.5 k	5.2 ± 0.1 l	74.2 ± 1.4 a
扬稻6号	100	34.6 ± 0.3 b	23.1 ± 0.4 b	42.3 ± 0.1 k
YD-6	200	28.7 ± 1.3 d	14.9 ± 0.7 e	56.4 ± 2.1 i
	300	26.9 ± 0.8 e	10.4 ± 0.2 g	62.7 ± 2.4 g
	400	25.9 ± 1.3 f	7.0 ± 0.3 j	67.1 ± 3.2 e
	500	24.0 ± 0.3 hi	7.3 ± 0.3 j	68.7 ± 0.6 d
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS
品种Cultivar (C)		**	**	**
施氮量N rate (N)		**	**	**
Y×C		NS	NS	NS
Y×N		NS	NS	NS
C×N		*	**	*
Y×C×N		NS	NS	NS

表4

图3

图4

图5

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不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640产量和氮素吸收利用的特点

Characteristics of grain yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of indica/japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 under different nitrogen application rates

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