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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2325-2338.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12043

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源钼对水稻产量形成及氮素利用的影响

陈志青(), 冯源, 王锐, 崔培媛, 卢豪, 魏海燕, 张海鹏*(), 张洪程   

  1. 农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江州225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-21 接受日期:2021-11-29 出版日期:2022-09-12 网络出版日期:2021-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 张海鹏
  • 作者简介:E-mail: MX120190550@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);国家自然科学基金项目(31901447);国家自然科学基金项目(41701329);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏省“双创博士”(JSSCBS20211062)

Effects of exogenous molybdenum on yield formation and nitrogen utilization in rice

CHEN Zhi-Qing(), FENG Yuan, WANG Rui, CUI Pei-Yuan, LU Hao, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHANG Hai-Peng*(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng   

  1. Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaris / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-06-21 Accepted:2021-11-29 Published:2022-09-12 Published online:2021-12-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Hai-Peng
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300503);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901447);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701329);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27);Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Jiangsu Province(JSSCBS20211062)

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摘要：

为探明纳米钼和离子钼对水稻产量形成和氮素利用的影响, 以南粳9108为试验对象, 采用盆栽试验研究了纳米钼和离子钼在0、180、225、270和315 kg N hm-2条件下对水稻的产量、产量构成、干物质积累及氮素积累利用的影响。研究结果表明, 纳米钼和离子钼的施用均能有效提高水稻产量。相同氮肥施用水平下, 施用纳米钼处理的水稻产量均显著高于施用离子钼处理。水稻生育后期叶面积指数和干物质的积累量显著高于施用离子钼处理。施用纳米钼能够改善水稻生育后期干物质形成, 提高抽穗后剑叶SPAD值、光合势和净光合速率, 有效促进了水稻生育后期干物质的合成及在籽粒中的积累, 最终实现促进水稻增产的目的。相同氮肥施用水平下, 离子钼和纳米钼的施用均提高了水稻各器官的氮浓度和氮积累量, 并促进了氮肥偏生产力、氮素农学利用率、氮素生理利用率和氮素吸收利用率的提高。

关键词: 水稻, 纳米钼, 干物质积累, 产量构成, 氮素利用

Abstract:

To explore the effects of nano-molybdenum (Nano-Mo) and ionic-molybdenum (Ionic-Mo) on rice yield formation and nitrogen utilization, pot experiments were conducted at nitrogen fertilizer application level of 0, 180, 225, 270, and 315 kg N hm-2 using Nanjing 9108 as the test object. Rice yield, yield composition, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation, and utilization were analyzed. Results showed that the application of Nano-Mo and Ionic-Mo could effectively increase rice yield compared with non-molybdenum treatments. Rice yields of Nano-Mo treatments were significantly higher than those of Ionic-Mo treatments at the same N application level. Moreover, the same trend was also observed in LAI and the accumulation of dry matter in the late stage of rice growth. The application of Nano-Mo could improve the dry matter formation in the late stage of rice growth by increasing the SPAD value, photosynthetic potential, and net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf after heading. Nano-Mo application promoted the synthesis of dry matter and the accumulation in the grain in the late stage of rice growth, and ultimately increased rice yield. In the same level of nitrogen fertilizer application, compared with non-molybdenum treatments Nano-Mo and Ionic-Mo application both increased the nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation in rice stalks, leaves and grains, and promoted the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen agronomic utilization rate, nitrogen physiological utilization rate, and nitrogen absorption and utilization.

Key words: rice, nano-molybdenum, dry matter accumulation, yield composition, nitrogen utilization

表1

外源钼施用对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 单位面积穗数
Panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelet per
panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 2019产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 2020产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
Non-Mo 0N 266.8 d 106.0 e 91.1 a 26.84 bc 6.27 e 5.83 d
12N 357.2 c 115.1 d 90.8 a 26.67 c 9.64 d 9.44 c
15N 368.8 bc 122.5 c 91.2 a 26.88 bc 9.65 d 9.46 c
18N 376.4 b 128.1 bc 91.5 a 26.97 bc 9.93 d 9.64 c
21N 385.0 ab 131.9 b 91.6 a 27.14 b 10.67 bc 10.35 b
平均 Mean 350.8 120.7 91.2 26.90 9.23 8.94
Ionic-Mo 0N 267.6 d 109.2 de 91.2 a 26.93 bc 6.32 e 5.99 d
12N 366.2 bc 118.5 cd 91.5 a 27.26 b 10.10 d 9.75 c
15N 375.0 bc 125.9 bc 91.8 a 27.45 ab 10.32 cd 9.98 bc
18N 383.2 ab 132.1 b 92.1 a 27.49 ab 10.59 c 10.35 b
21N 389.6 ab 137.3 a 92.3 a 27.60 ab 11.08 b 10.71 ab
平均 Mean 356.3 124.6 91.8 27.35 9.68 9.36
Nano-Mo 0N 272.4 d 112.0 de 91.4 a 27.02 bc 6.42 e 6.02 d
12N 371.4 bc 128.4 bc 91.5 a 27.29 b 10.21 cd 9.80 c
15N 378.6 b 130.2 b 91.9 a 27.50 ab 10.38 cd 10.10 bc
18N 387.4 ab 137.1 a 92.4 a 27.69 ab 10.74 bc 10.40 b
21N 398.0 a 140.5 a 92.7 a 27.83 a 11.69 a 11.23 a
平均 Mean 361.6 129.6 92.0 27.47 9.89 9.51
钼肥处理 Mo * ** ns ns ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ns ns ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns ns ns ns

图1

外源钼施用对水稻茎蘖动态的影响 处理和缩写同表1。"

图2

外源钼施用对水稻茎蘖成穗率的影响 处理和缩写同表1。"

表2

外源钼施用对水稻不同时期干物质积累量及比例的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 移栽-拔节TS-JS 拔节-抽穗JS-HS 抽穗-成熟HS-MS
积累量
Accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 积累量
Accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)		 积累量
Accumulation
(t hm-2)		 比例
Ratio
(%)
Non-Mo 0N 3.83 f 28.54 ab 5.33 d 39.68 a 4.27 f 31.77 g
12N 5.86 c 27.36 b 8.50 c 39.73 a 7.04 e 32.91 f
15N 5.72 d 26.42 bc 8.54 c 39.46 a 7.38 de 34.12 e
18N 5.74 d 25.92 c 8.66 c 39.10 b 7.74 d 34.98 d
21N 6.13 ab 26.12 bc 9.18 b 39.11 b 8.16 c 34.76 d
平均 Mean 5.45 26.87 8.04 39.42 6.92 33.71
Ionic-Mo 0N 3.95 e 28.88 a 5.33 d 39.03 bc 4.39 f 32.09 g
12N 5.89 c 26.73 bc 8.69 c 39.44 a 7.46 d 33.83 e
15N 5.70 d 25.50 cd 8.72 c 38.96 bc 7.95 cd 35.54 c
18N 5.85 c 25.11 cd 8.86 bc 38.07 de 8.57 bc 36.82 b
21N 6.07 b 24.85 cd 9.47 ab 38.80 c 8.88 b 36.35 b
平均 Mean 5.49 26.19 8.22 38.82 7.47 34.98
Nano-Mo 0N 3.84 f 27.78 ab 5.49 d 39.67 a 4.50 f 32.54 fg
12N 6.04 b 27.27 b 8.65 c 39.08 bc 7.45 d 33.65 e
15N 5.73 d 25.26 cd 8.68 c 38.29 d 8.26 c 36.45 b
18N 5.81 cd 24.49 d 8.97 bc 37.81 e 8.95 b 37.70 a
21N 6.20 a 24.45 d 9.69 a 38.17 d 9.48 a 37.37 a
平均 Mean 5.52 25.85 8.30 38.60 7.73 35.54
钼肥处理 Mo ns ** * ns ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** ns ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns ns ** ns

表3

外源钼施用对水稻叶面积指数的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 拔节期
Jointing		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 叶面积衰减速率
Decreasing rate of leaf area (LAI d-1)
Non-Mo 0N 2.81 d 4.97 d 2.03 f 0.0588 d
12N 4.17 c 7.05 c 3.20 d 0.0770 bc
15N 4.21 c 7.16 bc 3.20 d 0.0791 bc
18N 4.46 b 7.43 bc 3.28 d 0.0830 ab
21N 4.66 ab 7.77 ab 3.52 c 0.0849 a
平均 Mean 4.06 6.89 3.05 0.0770
Ionic-Mo 0N 2.85 d 5.05 d 2.30 e 0.0549 e
12N 4.21 c 7.13 c 3.43 cd 0.0741 c
15N 4.23 c 7.30 bc 3.50 c 0.0760 c
18N 4.55 ab 7.44 bc 3.61 bc 0.0766 c
21N 4.68 a 7.95 a 3.75 b 0.0840 ab
平均 Mean 4.10 6.98 3.32 0.0731
Nano-Mo 0N 2.85 d 5.00 d 2.29 e 0.0543 e
12N 4.15 c 7.20 bc 3.46 c 0.0748 c
15N 4.35 bc 7.27 bc 3.53 c 0.0747 c
18N 4.50 ab 7.51 b 3.74 b 0.0753 c
21N 4.66 ab 7.97 a 3.94 a 0.0806 b
平均 Mean 4.10 6.99 3.39 0.0719
钼肥处理 Mo ns ns ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns ns

表4

外源钼施用对水稻光合势的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 移栽-拔节
TS-JS		 拔节-抽穗
JS-HS		 抽穗-成熟
HS-MS
Non-Mo 0N 91.28 d 136.08 d 174.85 f
12N 135.48 c 196.32 c 256.19 d
15N 136.83 c 198.96 c 259.05 d
18N 144.95 b 208.08 bc 267.75 c
21N 151.52 ab 217.53 ab 282.31 b
平均 Mean 132.01 191.39 248.03
Ionic-Mo 0N 92.74 d 138.26 d 183.76 e
12N 136.76 c 198.48 c 264.01 cd
15N 137.59 c 201.90 bc 270.20 c
18N 147.76 ab 209.76 b 276.29 bc
21N 152.16 a 221.11 a 292.65 a
平均 Mean 133.40 193.90 257.38
Nano-Mo 0N 92.71 d 137.41 d 182.14 e
12N 134.99 c 198.62 c 266.30 c
15N 141.35 bc 203.29 bc 270.00 c
18N 146.10 ab 210.09 b 281.31 b
21N 151.35 ab 220.98 a 297.84 a
平均 Mean 133.30 194.08 259.52
钼肥处理 Mo ns ns **
氮肥用量 N ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns

表5

外源钼施用对水稻SPAD值和净光合速率的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate (μmol m-2 s-1)
齐穗后5 d
5 days after full heading		 齐穗后25 d
25 days after full heading		 衰减率
Attenuation rate (%)		 齐穗后5 d
5 days after full heading		 齐穗后25 d
25 days after full heading		 衰减率
Attenuation rate (%)
Non-Mo 0N 37.61 c 28.70 e 31.05 a 17.85 d 11.70 e 52.56 a
12N 41.79 b 32.41 c 28.94 bc 19.21 cd 12.92 cd 48.75 b
15N 42.56 b 33.18 bc 28.27 bc 19.81 c 13.37 c 48.19 bc
18N 43.19 ab 33.90 bc 27.40 cd 20.30 bc 13.73 bc 47.85 bc
21N 43.91 ab 34.78 ab 26.25 d 20.89 b 14.19 b 47.16 bc
平均 Mean 41.81 32.59 28.38 19.61 13.18 48.90
Ionic-Mo 0N 38.76 c 29.86 de 29.81 ab 18.69 d 12.31 de 51.80 a
12N 42.90 ab 33.52 bc 27.98 bc 19.84 c 13.38 c 48.23 bc
15N 43.31 ab 34.11 b 26.97 cd 20.31 bc 13.77 bc 47.48 bc
18N 44.10 ab 34.93 ab 26.25 d 20.64 bc 14.08 bc 46.66 bc
21N 44.38 ab 35.34 ab 25.58 d 21.44 ab 14.69 ab 45.94 c
平均 Mean 42.69 33.55 27.32 20.18 13.65 48.02
Nano-Mo 0N 39.37 c 30.49 d 29.12 b 19.07 cd 12.65 d 50.74 ab
12N 43.68 ab 34.21 b 27.68 c 19.85 c 13.40 c 48.20 bc
15N 44.03 ab 34.81 ab 26.49 cd 20.67 bc 14.02 bc 47.41 bc
18N 44.45 ab 35.25 ab 26.10 d 21.39 ab 14.66 ab 45.90 c
21N 44.96 a 35.94 a 25.10 d 22.17 a 15.27 a 45.21 c
平均 Mean 43.30 34.14 26.90 20.63 14.00 47.49
钼肥处理 Mo * ** ** ** ** *
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns ns ns ns

表6

外源钼施用对水稻氮素积累的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 氮浓度N concentration (mg g-1) 氮积累量N accumulation (kg hm-2)
茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain		 总株
Total
Non-Mo 0N 3.1 f 7.3 d 8.7 d 14.4 h 11.5 g 66.0 f 91.8 g
12N 3.5 de 7.9 cd 9.7 c 21.4 g 20.2 f 118.9 e 160.5 f
15N 3.9 cd 8.3 c 10.3 b 25.8 ef 23.4 e 134.1 cd 183.4 d
18N 4.4 b 8.8 b 10.7 ab 30.7 c 30.0 bc 144.7 bc 205.4 bc
21N 4.8 a 9.0 b 10.7 ab 33.8 b 29.4 c 146.3 bc 209.5 b
平均 Mean 3.9 8.3 10.0 25.2 22.9 122.0 170.1
Ionic-Mo 0N 3.2 e 7.5 d 9.1 d 15.0 h 12.4 g 70.1 f 97.4 g
12N 3.8 cd 8.1 c 9.9 bc 24.7 f 21.1 f 123.6 de 169.3 ef
15N 4.2 b 8.7 bc 10.4 b 28.5 d 25.4 d 140.1 c 194.0 c
18N 4.7 a 9.3 ab 10.9 ab 33.2 b 30.7 b 150.1 b 213.9 b
21N 4.9 a 9.4 ab 10.8 ab 36.0 a 32.1 a 152.3 ab 220.4 ab
平均 Mean 4.2 8.6 10.2 27.5 24.3 127.2 179.0
Nano-Mo 0N 3.3 e 7.5 d 9.2 d 15.6 h 12.3 g 72.1 f 100.1 g
12N 3.7 d 8.0 c 10.2 bc 23.9 f 20.8 f 129.2 d 173.9 e
15N 4.0 c 8.8 b 10.7 ab 26.2 e 25.0 d 148.3 b 199.5 c
18N 4.7 a 9.7 a 11.1 a 34.1 b 30.7 b 157.0 a 221.8 ab
21N 4.8 a 9.6 a 10.8 ab 35.7 a 33.0 a 157.8 a 226.5 a
平均 Mean 4.1 8.7 10.4 27.1 24.3 132.9 184.3
钼肥处理 Mo ** ** * ** ** ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** ** ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns * * ns ns

表7

外源钼施用对水稻抽穗期至成熟期群体各器官氮素转运的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 茎鞘 Stem-sheath 叶片 Leaf 穗部氮增加量
N increased
in panicle
(kg hm-2)		 氮转运贡献率
Contribution
rate of N
translocation
(%)
氮转运量
N translocation
(kg hm-2)		 氮转运率
Efficiency of N translocation
(%)		 氮转运量
N translocation
(kg hm-2)		 氮转运率
Efficiency of
N translocation
(%)
Non-Mo 0N 18.7 e 56.57 a 30.1 d 72.42 a 51.1 f 95.47 a
12N 24.8 d 53.65 b 40.0 c 66.42 b 96.3 e 67.23 c
15N 24.3 d 48.52 cd 40.8 c 63.56 bc 106.3 d 61.28 de
18N 26.2 c 46.03 d 43.2 ab 59.02 cd 112.9 c 61.50 de
21N 28.2 a 45.49 de 43.5 a 59.70 cd 113.4 bc 63.25 d
平均 Mean 24.5 50.05 39.5 64.22 96.0 69.75
Ionic-Mo 0N 19.1 e 55.99 ab 30.7 d 71.27 a 53.5 f 93.08 ab
12N 24.1 d 49.39 c 39.8 c 65.34 b 100.2 e 63.74 d
15N 24.9 d 46.64 d 41.3 bc 61.91 c 111.2 cd 59.54 e
18N 26.5 bc 44.45 de 43.1 ab 58.44 d 118.3 b 58.88 ef
21N 27.7 ab 43.46 e 43.9 a 57.78 d 118.3 b 60.49 de
平均 Mean 24.5 47.99 39.8 62.95 100.3 67.15
Nano-Mo 0N 19.5 e 55.43 ab 30.6 d 71.28 a 54.8 f 91.28 b
12N 23.6 d 49.68 c 39.6 c 65.58 b 103.2 de 61.19 de
15N 23.6 d 47.40 cd 41.0 c 62.09 c 116.3 bc 55.54 f
18N 26.1 c 43.40 e 43.2 ab 58.49 d 124.8 a 55.59 f
21N 26.6 bc 42.70 e 45.0 a 57.74 d 121.6 ab 58.92 ef
平均 Mean 23.9 47.72 39.9 63.04 104.1 64.50
钼肥处理 Mo ns ** ns ns ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns ns ns ns

表8

外源钼施用对水稻氮素利用的影响"

钼肥处理
Mo fertilizer
treatment		 氮肥用量
N application
rate		 氮肥偏生产力
PFP
(kg kg-1)		 氮素籽粒生产效率
NUEG
(kg kg-1)		 氮素农学利用率
AE
(kg kg-1)		 氮素生理利用率
PNUE
(kg kg-1)		 氮素吸收利用率
NRE
(%)
Non-Mo 12N 53.00 b 59.44 a 19.41 b 50.88 a 38.16 d
15N 42.46 d 52.10 b 15.59 e 38.32 c 40.68 c
18N 36.24 f 47.63 c 13.85 f 32.91 e 42.08 bc
21N 33.37 g 50.18 bc 14.18 f 37.96 c 37.36 d
平均 Mean 41.27 52.34 15.76 40.02 39.57
Ionic-Mo 12N 55.13 ab 58.61 a 20.95 a 52.45 a 39.94 cd
15N 45.13 c 52.35 b 17.78 c 41.45 b 42.90 b
18N 38.79 e 48.97 c 16.00 de 37.10 cd 43.13 ab
21N 34.59 fg 49.44 c 15.06 e 38.58 c 39.04 cd
平均 Mean 43.41 52.34 17.45 42.39 41.25
Nano-Mo 12N 55.61 a 57.57 a 21.03 a 51.32 a 40.98 bc
15N 45.51 c 51.33 bc 17.85 c 40.41 bc 44.17 ab
18N 39.14 e 47.65 c 16.09 de 35.70 d 45.07 a
21N 36.39 f 50.61 bc 16.63 d 41.45 b 40.12 cd
平均 Mean 44.16 51.79 17.90 42.22 42.59
钼肥处理 Mo ** ns ** ** **
氮肥用量 N ** ** ** ** **
钼肥×氮肥 Mo×N ns ns ns * ns
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