黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14015

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 682-694.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14015

黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征

谭雪莲¹(), 郭天文¹^,^*(), 胡新元², 张平良¹, 曾骏¹, 刘晓伟¹

¹甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省水资源高效利用重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
²甘肃省农业科学院/甘肃省马铃薯种质资源创新工程实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-01-26 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-03-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-14
通讯作者: 郭天文
作者简介:E-mail: tanxuelian_2002@163.com
基金资助:
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项计划项目(2017GAAS28);国家自然基金地区科学基金项目(31560172);甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划项目(2017GAAS41);甘肃省科技计划项目(20YF3WA010)

Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau

TAN Xue-Lian¹(), GUO Tian-Wen¹^,^*(), HU Xin-Yuan², ZHANG Ping-Liang¹, ZENG Jun¹, LIU Xiao-Wei¹

¹Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
²Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Innovation Engineering Laboratory of Potato Germplasm Resources of Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China

Received:2021-01-26 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-03-12 Published online:2021-07-14
Contact: GUO Tian-Wen
Supported by:
Public Welfare(Agriculture)Scientific Research Project(201503120);Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017GAAS28);NSFC Regional Science Foundation Project(31560172);Science and Technology Support Plan of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017GAAS41);Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province (20YF3WA010).(20YF3WA010)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文探讨了土壤微生物对马铃薯连作的响应, 旨在揭示连作土壤退化的微生物特征。采用盆栽试验和MiSeq高通量测序技术相结合的方法, 以休耕(CK)和轮作(R_rh)为对照, 研究了马铃薯连作1年(1_rh)、3年(3_rh)和5年(5_rh)根际土壤微生物群落特征。结果表明, 与CK和轮作相比, 3_rh和5_rh土壤样品Ace指数、Chao指数、Shannon指数显著降低。与轮作相比, 马铃薯连作土壤细菌中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度较高, 土壤真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度较低。细菌群落中, 较轮作, 1_rh、3_rh、5_rh气微菌属(Aeromicrobium)的数量分别增加258.01%、625.93%、76.04%, 节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)分别增加245.42%、1258.12%、58.89%, 链霉菌属(Streptomyces)分别增加203.83%、116.74%、311.61%。真菌群落中, 较轮作, 3_rh镰孢属(Fusarium)数量增加了225.00%, 5_rh毛壳属(Chaetomium)数量降低了31.58 %, 1_rh、3_rh、5_rh久浩酵母属(Guehomyces)的数量分别降低55.40%, 58.14%, 78.37%; 壶菌属(Spizellomyces)在休耕和轮作土壤中数量较多, 而在连作3年和5年土壤中数量很少, 接近检测底限。说明马铃薯长期连作降低了土壤微生物多样性, 微生物优势种群发生改变, 土壤微生物群落结构失衡。

关键词: 马铃薯, 连作, 微生物群落, 物种丰度, 有益微生物, 病原微生物

Abstract:

The response of soil microorganisms to continuous cropping of potato was discussed in this study, aiming at revealing the microbial characteristics of continuous cropping soil degradation. Pot experiments and MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the characteristics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of potato continuous cropping for 1 year (1_rh), 3 years (3_rh), and 5 years (5_rh), with fallow (CK) and rotation (R_rh) as controls. The results showed that compared with CK and rotation, Ace index, Chao index, and Shannon index of 3_rh and 5_rh soil samples decreased significantly. Compared with rotation, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria in soil bacteria of continuous potato cropping was higher, while the relative abundance of Ascomycota in soil fungi was lower. In the bacterial community, compared with rotation, the number of Aeromicrobium in 1_rh, 3_rh, 5_rh increased by 258.01%, 625.93%, 76.04%, Arthrobacter increased by 245.42%, 1258.12%, 58.89%, Streptomyces increased by 203.83%, 116.74%, and 311.61%, respectively. In the fungal community, compared with rotation, the number of Fusarium in 3_rh increased by 225.00%, the number of Chaetomium in 5_rh decreased by 31.58%, and the number of Guehomyces in 1_rh, 3_rh, and 5_rh decreased by 55.40%, 58.14%, and 78.37%, respectively. Spizellomyces had a large number in fallow and rotation soils, but a small number in continuous cropping soils for three years and five years, which was close to the detection limit. The results indicated that long-term continuous cropping of potato reduced the diversity of soil microorganisms, changed the dominant population of microorganisms, and unbalanced the structure of soil microbial community.

Key words: potato, continuous cropping, microbial community structure, species abundance, beneficial microorganisms, pathogenic microorganism

谭雪莲, 郭天文, 胡新元, 张平良, 曾骏, 刘晓伟. 黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(3): 682-694.

TAN Xue-Lian, GUO Tian-Wen, HU Xin-Yuan, ZHANG Ping-Liang, ZENG Jun, LIU Xiao-Wei. Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2022, 48(3): 682-694.

图/表 11

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

表3

土壤细菌菌群分析"

门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
放线菌门 Actinobacteria	放线菌纲 Actinobacteria	气微菌属 Aeromicrobium	0.21±0.03 c	0.10±0.01 c	0.36±0.02 b	0.73±0.01 a	0.18±0.01 c
		壤霉菌属 Agromyces	0.26±0.01 b	0.06±0.01 d	0.17±0.01 c	0.40±0.02 a	0.24±0.01 b
		节杆菌属 Arthrobacter	1.61±0.07 c	0.69±0.02 d	2.37±0.07 b	9.31±0.08 a	1.09±0.06 c
		芽球菌属 Blastococcus	1.13±0.03 a	0.29±0.01 c	1.39±0.02 a	1.59±0.02 a	0.70±0.03 b
		分枝杆菌属 Mycobacterium	0.4±0.015 a	0.10±0.01 b	0.47±0.03 a	0.38±0.01 a	0.30±0.01 a
		链霉菌属 Streptomyces	0.32±0.04 b	0.13±0.02 c	0.41±0.02 b	1.71±0.06 a	0.56±0.02 b
		假诺卡氏菌属 Pseudonocardia	0.32±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 b	0.28±0.01 a	0.25±0.01 a	0.16±0.01 a
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	α-变形菌纲 Alphaproteobacteria	红菌属 Rhodobium	0.54±0.02 a	0.07±0.01 b	0.32±0.02 a	0.40±0.02 a	0.44±0.02 a
		红游动菌属 Rhodoplanes	0.27±0.02 a	0.1±0.010 b	0.34±0.02 a	0.17±0.01 b	0.19±0.01 b
		博斯氏菌属 Bosea	0.18±0.01 a	0.09±0.01 b	0.20±0.03 a	0.22±0.04 a	0.19±0.01 a
		慢生根瘤菌属 Bradyrhizobium	0.75±0.04 a	0.20±0.02 c	0.82±0.03 a	0.46±0.05 b	0.41±0.03 b
		戴沃斯菌属 Devosia	0.22±0.08 b	0.10±0.01 c	0.36±0.06 b	0.54±0.07 a	0.60±0.02 a
		生丝微菌属 Hyphomicrobium	0.24±0.06 a	0.03±0.01 b	0.24±0.04 a	0.14±0.03 a	0.18±0.03 a
		根瘤菌属 Rhizobium	0.22±0.11 c	0.08±0.08 d	2.19±0.12 a	0.760.12 b	0.40±0.10 c
		斯科曼氏球菌属 Skermanella	1.17±0.32 a	0.16±0.26 c	1.10±0.27 a	0.26±0.26 c	0.45±0.28 b
		鞘脂单胞菌属 Sphingomonas	2.78±0.33 a	0.79±0.29 c	3.01±0.35 a	1.98±0.31 b	3.32±0.37 a
	β-变形菌 Betaproteobacteria	产育菌属 Ramlibacter	0.16±0.04 b	0.06±0.01 c	0.30±0.02 a	0.14±0.03 b	0.38±0.06 a
	δ-变形菌纲 Deltaproteobacteria	类固醇杆菌属 Steroidobacter	0.83±0.07 a	0.20±0.03 b	0.93±0.09 a	0.25±0.05 b	0.99±0.07 a
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
门 Phylum	纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi	绿弯菌纲 Chloroflexia	玫瑰弯菌属 Roseiflexus	1.12±0.10 b	3.81±0.15 a	1.23±0.11 b	0.10±0.09 c	0.50±0.09 c
芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes	芽单胞菌纲 Gemmatimonadetes	芽单胞菌属 Gemmatimonas	0.42±0.06 a	0.10±0.01 b	0.31±0.04 a	0.08±0.03 b	0.34±0.07 a
硝化螺旋菌门 Nitrospirae	硝化螺旋菌纲 Nitrospira	硝化螺旋菌属 Nitrospira	2.15±0.21 a	0.28±0.09 b	1.84±0.26 a	0.42±0.08 b	1.71±0.24 a
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	芽孢杆菌纲 Bacilli	芽孢杆菌属 Bacillus	1.66±0.12 a	0.19±0.06 d	0.88±0.06 b	0.30±0.05 c	0.83±0.07 b
合计 Total			16.99±0.45 a	7.66±0.41 c	19.53±0.47 a	20.59±0.44 a	14.13±0.43 b

表3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

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种植模式 Cropping pattern	处理代码 Treatment code	种植方法 Cultivation method
休耕 Fallow	CK	不种植作物的休耕土壤 Fallow soil where no crops were planted
马铃薯-小麦轮作 Potato-wheat rotation	R_rh	马铃薯种植1年的土壤上种植小麦 Wheat was planted on the soil where potato was planted for one year
马铃薯连作1年 Potato continuous cropping for one year	1_rh	马铃薯种植1年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for one year
马铃薯连作3年 Potato continuous cropping for three years	3_rh	马铃薯种植3年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for three years
马铃薯连作5年 Potato continuous cropping for five years	5_rh	马铃薯种植5年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯 Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for five years

类别 Type	处理 Treatment	Reads	OTUs	Ace	Chao	Shannon
细菌 Bacteria	CK	33,177±0.21 a	2253±0.15 a	2496±0.23 a	2502±0.32 a	6.67±0.0 1a
	R_rh	36,151±0.23 a	2291±0.08 a	2545±0.15 a	2589±0.27 a	6.68±0.03 a
	1_rh	20,981±0.28 b	1947±0.10 a	2285±0.17 a	2299±0.28 a	6.55±0.03 a
	3_rh	16,610±0.24 b	1146±0.12 b	1545±0.19 b	1574±0.26 b	4.90±0.02 b
	5_rh	38,178±0.22 a	2182±0.07 a	2444±0.20 a	2467±0.25 a	6.54±0.04 a
真菌 Fungi	CK	15,547±0.48 a	565±0.13 a	664±0.65 b	648±0.38 b	4.00±0.01 a
	R_rh	13,895±0.52 b	518±0.14 a	657±0.63 b	653±0.34b	4.26±0.03 a
	1_rh	12,981±0.56 b	549±0.13 a	707±0.61 a	706±0.35 a	4.34±0.05 a
	3_rh	11,064±0.49 c	385±0.16 b	541±0.59 c	520±0.36 c	3.54±0.02 b
	5_rh	10,705±0.53 c	350±0.18 b	468±0.66 d	446±0.38 d	2.83±0.01 c

纲 Class	属 Genus	相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
纲 Class	属 Genus	CK	R_rh	1_rh	3_rh	5_rh
座囊菌纲 Dothideomycetes	光黑壳属 Preussia	0.26±0.04 a	0.05±0.01 b	0.32±0.03 a	0.04±0.01 b	0.03±0.01 b
核菌纲 Pyrenomycetes	叉丝单囊壳属 Podosphaera	0	0	0.02±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a
散囊菌纲 Eurotiomycetes	青霉属 Penicillium	0.10±0.02 a	0.08±0.06 a	0.10±0.05 a	0.01±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a
	梭孢壳属 Thielavia	2.66±0.56 b	2.09±0.48 b	2.74±0.52 b	5.74±0.49 a	6.69±0.54 a
粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes	镰孢属 Fusarium	0.71±0.09 b	0.84±0.07 b	0.78±0.08 b	2.73±0.12 a	0.11±0.06 b
	毛壳属 Chaetomium	0.78±0.06 a	0.19±0.02 c	0.51±0.01 b	0.52±0.06 b	0.25±0.03 c
子囊菌纲 Ascomycetes	子囊菌属 Ascomycota_norank	1.54±0.29 a	0.83±0.26 b	1.23±0.27 a	0.61±0.25 b	0.17±0.24 c
子囊菌纲 Ascomycetes	赤霉菌属 Gibberella	0.32±0.08 b	0.49±0.09 a	0.37±0.09 b	0.50±0.12 a	0.04±0.07 c
壶菌纲 Chrtridiomycetes	壶菌属 Spizellomyces	0.17±0.03 b	0.93±0.05 a	0.13±0.05 b	0.01±0.01 b	0.01±0.01 b
	腐质霉属 Humicola	0.29±0.10 a	0.16±0.13 b	0.26±0.15 a	0.19±0.11 ab	0.32±0.16 a
丝胞纲 Hyphomycetes	矛束霉属 Doratomyces	0.03±0.01 b	0.03±0.01 b	0.12±0.04 b	0.06±0.01 b	1.80±0.06 a
	链格孢属 Alternaria	0.33±0.22 c	2.25±0.26 a	2.91±0.25 a	1.20±0.21 b	1.07±0.20 b
银耳纲 Tremellomycetes	隐球菌属 Cryptococcus	1.93±0.36 a	0.67±0.30 b	1.36±0.32 a	0.33±0.29 b	0.29±0.29 b
合计 Total		9.14±0.68 ab	8.61±0.62 b	10.85±0.64 a	11.94±0.70 a	10.80±0.66 a

黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征

Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau

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