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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2351-2365.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14145

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同太子参品种对连作胁迫差异响应及种内间作效应分析

林志敏1(), 秦贤金2, 吴红淼1, 庞孜钦2, 林文雄1,2,*()   

  1. 1.福建农林大学生命科学学院, 福建福州 350002
    2.福建农林大学农学院, 福建福州 350002
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-14 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-09-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 林文雄
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhimin0591@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“土存镰刀菌病毒对太子参连作的致害机制研究”(82003884);国家重点研发计划-政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项“作物连作障碍生态防控与消减关键技术”(2017YFE0121800)

Differential response of different Radix pseudostellariae cultivars to continuous cropping stress and its intraspecific intercropping effects

LIN Zhi-Min1(), QIN Xian-Jin2, WU Hong-Miao1, PANG Zi-Qin2, LIN Wen-Xiong1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2. College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2021-08-14 Accepted:2022-01-05 Published:2022-09-12 Published online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: LIN Wen-Xiong
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the Damage Mechanism of Soil Fusarium Virus on Continuous Cropping of Radix Pseudostellariae”(82003884);National Key Research and Development Plant-the Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Key Project “Key Technologies for Ecological Control and Alleviation of Crop Continuous Cropping Obstacle”(2017YFE0121800)

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摘要：

探索药用植物环境友好型的连作障碍消减技术是促进中药农业可持续发展的重要路径。本研究首先应用ISSR分子标记技术分析了8个引自我国不同道地产区的栽培品种的遗传多态性, 以明确供试品种的遗传差异。2017—2019年, 以上述鉴定具有明显差异的不同来源8个太子参品种为供试材料, 应用高效气相色谱(HPLC)、高通量测序(HTS)、实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和作物生理学等研究方法, 探索其在福建柘荣太子参主要产区的环境适应性及其对连作栽培的响应。在此基础上, 选用其中有代表性的2个主栽品种进行种内间作栽培, 研究种内间作对重茬太子参生长的影响及其根际微生态变化机制。研究结果表明, 供试的8个不同来源太子参品种在福建柘荣太子参主产区的生长表现各异。在头茬条件下, 柘参1号、抗病1号和黔太子参1号产量表现最高, 江苏句容和宣参1号2个品种产量表现最低。与头茬太子参相比, 连作导致苗期和收获期太子参株高降低、根长和最大根围变小、块根缩短以及地上(地下)部鲜重明显下降, 最终使单一块根重减小而减产。就药用品质而言, 与头茬太子参相比, 连作引起太子参主要药用成分的总多糖和环肽B含量均显著下降, 而总皂苷的含量显著上升; 其中, 柘参2号(ZS II)在这些活性成分变化上表现尤为突出。本研究证实, 异地换种并与当地主栽品种合理间作, 可以有效减轻再植病, 进而提升重茬太子参的产量与品质。进一步分析结果发现, 产生这一间作效应与根际土壤微生物多样性提高有关, 即太子参种内间作栽培能显著降低尖孢镰刀菌属等病原菌, 同时提高假单胞杆菌等有益菌群丰度, 进而改善根际土壤微生物结构及其功能多样性。因此, 深入挖掘多品种药用植物种内间作的协同效应潜力、构建与之相适应的配套栽培技术是实现中药农业可持续发展的关键。

关键词: 太子参, 连作障碍, 种内间作, 根际微生物多样性

Abstract:

It is an important pathway to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine agriculture to explore the environment-friendly technology to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants. In this study, ISSR molecular marker technique was used to identify 8 cultivars of R. pseudostellariae from different authentic production areas in China, which proved to have obvious molecular polymorphism. Those identified cultivars were then used as experimental materials. High pressure gas chromatography (HPLC), high-through sequencing (HTS), Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and crop physiology technology were used to explore the environmental adaptability of the medicinal plant varieties and their response to continuous cropping in the main producing area of R. pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province during 2017-2019. Based on the results, two representative varieties of R. pseudostellariae were selected for intraspecific intercropping practice to study the effects of intraspecific intercropping on the growth of consecutive cropping R. pseudostellariae and its underlying mechanism of microbial flora in the rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the growth performance of these varieties was different grown in authentic production area of R. Pseudostellariae in Zherong, Fujian province. Three cultivars, such as Zhengshen 1 (ZSⅠ), Kangbing 1 (KB), and Qiantaizishen 1 (QT) had the highest medicinal yield, the reverse was true in the case of Jiangsujurong (JR) and Xuanshen 1 (XS) cultivars in newly cropping condition. Compared with that of the newly planted, the fresh weight of plant height, root length, and maximum root circumference and aboveground and underground parts decreased significantly at the seedling stage, respectively, thus resulting in shortened root tuber, decreasing single root tuber weight at the mature stage, which was considered as the main reasons for the significant decrease in the yield of R. pseudostellariae after monoculture for two years. In terms of medicinal quality, in the comparison with those of the newly planted, R. pseudostellariae, the contents of main active components, such as total polysaccharides and heterophyllin B were decreased significantly, the reverse was true in the contents of total saponins in all used cultivars after monoculture for two years, of which ZSⅡcultivar stood out in the case. The results also suggested that it was the best way to alleviate the replanting diseases, consequently increased the medicinal yield and quality using a rotation mode with nonlocal cultivars or an intraspecific intercropping pattern by different cultivars. Further analysis showed that the intraspecific intercropping facilitation resulted from the improvement of rhizosphere soil microbial diversity in the cropping system, that is, it could significantly decrease pathogens such as Fusarium, oxysporum and increase beneficial bacteria such as Pseudomonas. spp, thus, improving the microbial structure and its functional diversity in rhizosphere soil under the intercropping system. Therefore, it is the key to realize the sustainable development of TCM agriculture to excavate the potential synergistic effect of intraspecific intercropping with multiple varieties of medicinal plants and construct the corresponding cultivation techniques in the cropping system.

Key words: Radix pseudostellariae, consecutive monoculture problems, intraspecific intercropping, rhizosphere microorganisms

图1

不同品种太子参ISSR扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果 红色箭头代表多态性条带。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图2

ISSR分子多态性相似系数树状聚类图 QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图3

连作下不同品种太子参苗期全株鲜重(a)、地上部鲜重(b)、地上部鲜重(c)和根冠比(d) *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图4

连作下不同品种太子参膨大期全株鲜重(a)、地上部鲜重(b)、地上部鲜重(c)和根冠比(d) *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图5

连作下收获期不同品种太子参块根长(a)、单根鲜重(b)和最大根围(c) *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图6

连作下收获期不同品种太子参块根 QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号; NP: 头茬; SP: 重茬1年。"

图7

正茬和连作下不同品种太子参每单位鲜重产量比较 *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图8

正茬和连作下不同品种太子参总多糖含量比较 *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图9

正茬和连作下不同品种太子参总皂苷含量比较 *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图10

正茬和连作下不同品种太子参环肽B含量比较 *、**和***分别代表头茬和重茬之间的数值在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著。QT: 黔太子参1号; XS: 宣参1号; KB: 抗病1号; ZS I: 柘参1号; ZS II: 柘参2号; ST: 施太1号; JR: 江苏句容; KD: 抗毒1号。"

图11

种内间作对连作太子参产量的影响 FYF: 正茬柘参2号; FYG: 正茬施太1号; SYF: 重茬柘参2号; SYG: 重茬施太1号; SYIF: 重茬地块上太子参柘参2号种内间作产量; SYIG: 重茬地块上太子参施太1号种内间作产量。标以不同小写字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

表1

种内间作对重茬太子参根际土壤细菌和真菌的Alpha多样性的影响"

处理
Treatment		 细菌多样性指数 真菌多样性指数
Shannon Chao1 Shannon Chao1
对照 CK 9.99±0.04 a 2540.25±90.37 ab 5.67±0.21 bc 431.00±19.16 b
正茬柘参2号 FYF 9.63±0.34 b 2538.21±164.66 ab 5.40±0.31 d 353.52±26.36 c
正茬施太1号 FYG 9.60±0.15 bc 2268.15±49.64 c 5.46±0.35 cd 454.37±12.57 b
间作柘参2号 SYIF 9.32±0.08 cd 2390.62±133.77 bc 5.39±0.19 d 441.11±48.65 b
间作施太1号 SYIG 9.36±0.01 bcd 2618.38±116.20 a 6.08±0.17 a 470.32±38.79 b
重茬柘参1号 SYF 9.13±0.04 d 2526.46±78.79 ab 5.73±0.19 b 544.75±84.93 a
重茬施太1号 SYG 8.36±0.11 e 2043.52±57.85 d 5.80±0.19 b 409.19±49.76 bc

图12

种内间作对太子参重茬根际微生物属(A: 细菌; B: 真菌)相对丰度的影响 以丰度前100的微生物属为基础, 以LSD-test和P < 0.05为显着性阈值进行比较; 图中log2 (Fold Change)正值表示相对丰度在间作中比重茬高的微生物类群。"

图13

不同处理下太子参根际尖孢镰刀菌、假单胞菌属和伯克氏菌属的丰度变化 SYIGB为间作施太1号病株, 其余缩写同图11。标以不同小写字母的柱值在P < 0.05水平上差异显著。"

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