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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 2366-2376.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13056

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和内源激素作用的影响

张振博1(), 屈馨月1, 于宁宁1, 任佰朝1,2, 刘鹏1,2, 赵斌1,2, 张吉旺1,2,*()   

  1. 1.山东农业大学农学院 / 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
    2.山东省玉米技术创新中心, 山东莱州 261400
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-16 接受日期:2022-01-05 出版日期:2022-09-12 网络出版日期:2022-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺
  • 作者简介:张振博, E-mail: 1486693491@qq.com第一联系人：

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-21);山东省中央引导地方科技发展资金项(YDZX20203700002548);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ013)

Effects of nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormones in summer maize

ZHANG Zhen-Bo1(), QU Xin-Yue1, YU Ning-Ning1, REN Bai-Zhao1,2, LIU Peng1,2, ZHAO Bin1,2, ZHANG Ji-Wang1,2,*()   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2. Shandong Maize Technology Innovation Center, Laizhou, 261400, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-09-16 Accepted:2022-01-05 Published:2022-09-12 Published online:2022-07-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Ji-Wang
  • About author:First author contact:

    ** Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-21);Shandong Central Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development(YDZX20203700002548);Shandong Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project(SD2019ZZ013)

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摘要：

为探究施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和内源激素含量与平衡的影响, 试验以登海518 (Denghai 518, DH518)为供试材料, 于2018—2019年大田条件下设置不施氮处理(N0)、少量施氮(N1: N 129 kg hm-2)、适量施氮(N2: N 184.50 kg hm-2)和过量施氮(N3: N 300 kg hm-2) 4个施氮量处理。结果表明: 随着施氮量增加, 籽粒达到最大灌浆速率的天数(Tmax)逐渐缩短, 灌浆速率最大时的生长量(Wmax)、最大灌浆速率(Gmax)增加, 籽粒灌浆活跃期(P: the active grain filling stage)延长, 同时脱水速率增快, 籽粒灌浆特性改善, 最终籽粒干重增加, 产量显著提高, 但过量施氮, 籽粒灌浆受到不良影响, 产量降低。在籽粒内源激素含量达到峰值时, N2处理的吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)含量较N0处理2年分别显著增加66.35%、88.99%, 玉米素核苷(ZR)含量2年分别显著增加7.45%、14.60%, 赤霉素(GA3)含量2年分别显著增加24.73%、32.26%, 但脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)含量2年分别显著降低15.57%、10.95%; 而N3较N2处理IAA、ZR、GA3含量有所降低, 但ABA含量有所增加。结合籽粒灌浆特性和内源激素含量相关性分析可知, Wmax与ZR/ABA呈现显著正相关, 与ABA呈现显著负相关; P与IAA/ABA、GA3/ABA呈现显著正相关。可见, 适量施氮(N2: N 184.50 kg hm-2)可协调籽粒内源激素含量与平衡, 进而促进籽粒灌浆, 提高产量。

关键词: 夏玉米, 施氮量, 籽粒灌浆特性, 内源激素

Abstract:

To explore the effects of nitrogen rate on grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone content and balance in summer maize, Denghai 518 (DH518) was used as the experimental material. The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019. Four nitrogen rates were set under field conditions of no nitrogen rate (N0), lower nitrogen rate (N1: N 129 kg hm-2), appropriated nitrogen rate (N2: N 184.50 kg hm-2), and excessive nitrogen rate (N3: N 300 kg hm-2). The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate, the days of maximum grain filling (Tmax) was gradually shortened, the weight of maximum grain filling rate (Wmax), and the maximum grain filling (Gmax) was gradually increased, the active grain filling stage (P) was prolonged, and the grain dehydration rate was improved. So the grain filling characteristics were improved, and the gain dry weight and yield were increased significantly. However, the grain filling characteristics deteriorated and the yield was reduced when nitrogen was applied excessively. When the endogenous hormone content reached the peak value, compared with N0 treatment in two years, the contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 in N2 were significantly increased by 66.35% and 88.99%, 7.45% and 14.60%, 24.73% and 32.26%, respectively, while ABA content decreased significantly by 15.57% and 10.95% in two years. And the contents of IAA, ZR, and GA3 were decreased in N3 treatment compared with N2 treatment, but ABA content was increased. The correlation analysis of grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone content showed that Wmax was significantly positively correlated with ZR/ABA, but negatively correlated with ABA. P was positively correlated with IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA. So, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (N2, 184.50 kg hm-2) can coordinate the endogenous hormone content and balance of the grain, thereby promoting grain filling and increasing yield.

Key words: summer maize, nitrogen fertilizer, grain filling characteristics, endogenous hormone

表1

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆参数的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 生长曲线方程
Growth curve
parametric equation		 相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 Tmax
(d)		 Wmax
(g 100-
kernel-1)		 Gmax
(g 100-
kernel-1 d-1)		 P
(d)		 Ro 百粒重
100-kernel weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2018 N0 y = 27.13/(1+54.35e-0.15x) 0.9960 26.38 13.57 1.03 39.61 0.15 27.84 7537 d
N1 y = 28.66/(1+32.56e-0.15x) 0.9897 23.97 14.33 1.04 41.29 0.15 28.99 9615 c
N2 y = 35.25/(1+22.62e-0.13x) 0.9924 24.94 17.62 1.10 47.99 0.13 31.82 11,521 a
N3 y = 35.65/(1+24.04e-0.13x) 0.9917 24.37 17.82 1.16 45.98 0.13 31.51 10,604 b
2019 N0 y = 27.59/(1+69.16e-0.15x) 0.9969 27.49 13.80 1.06 38.93 0.15 27.06 8218 d
N1 y = 28.43/(1+60.14e-0.15x) 0.9978 26.91 14.22 1.08 39.41 0.15 27.91 11,568 c
N2 y = 29.59/(1+34.91e-0.14x) 0.9932 25.79 14.80 1.02 43.55 0.14 28.90 12,359 a
N3 y = 28.01/(1+47.32e-0.15x) 0.9961 25.60 14.00 1.05 39.83 0.15 27.70 12,187 b

图1

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒干重的影响(100粒) N0: 不施氮处理; N1: 少量施氮(N 129 kg hm-2); N2: 适量施氮(N 184.50 kg hm-2); N3: 过量施氮(N 300 kg hm-2); 0、10、20、30、40、50和60分别代表抽雄期、抽雄后10、20、30、40、50和60 d。"

图2

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒体积的影响(100粒) 处理同图1。"

表2

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒含水量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 授粉后天数Days after pollination
10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d
2018 N0 88.84 a 70.60 a 53.84 a 39.26 a 33.55 a
N1 87.42 b 70.78 a 55.83 a 38.34 ab 31.25 b
N2 87.07 b 65.52 b 50.16 b 33.42 c 29.34 c
N3 86.84 b 61.84 c 49.54 b 35.23 bc 29.87 c
2019 N0 90.48 a 65.33 b 52.95 a 46.93 a 36.43 b
N1 90.35 a 63.90 bc 51.19 b 42.23 b 37.10 a
N2 87.85 b 62.62 c 51.50 b 42.33 b 34.19 c
N3 89.81 a 67.06 a 51.60 b 43.05 b 35.09 c

表3

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒脱水速率的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 授粉后天数Days after pollination
10-20 d 20-30 d 30-40 d 40-50 d
2018 N0 1.82 c 1.68 a 1.46 c 0.57 ab
N1 1.66 c 1.50 a 1.75 a 0.71 a
N2 2.16 b 1.54 a 1.67 b 0.41 b
N3 2.50 a 1.23 b 1.43 c 0.54 ab
2019 N0 2.52 ab 1.24 b 0.60 b 1.05 a
N1 2.65 a 1.27 b 0.90 a 0.51 c
N2 2.52 ab 1.11 b 0.92 a 0.81 b
N3 2.28 b 1.55 a 0.86 a 0.80 b

图3

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒IAA含量的影响 N0: 不施氮处理; N1: 少量施氮(N 129 kg hm-2); N2: 适量施氮(N 184.50 kg hm-2); N3: 过量施氮(N 300 kg hm-2); VT+10、VT+20、VT+30、VT+40和VT+50分别代表抽雄后10 d、20 d、30 d、40 d和50 d."

图4

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒ZR含量的影响 处理同图3。"

图5

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒ABA含量的影响 处理同图3。"

图6

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒GA3含量的影响 处理同图3。"

表4

夏玉米籽粒灌浆参数与产量的相关性分析"

相关性Correlation Wmax Gmax P 百粒重100-kernel weight 产量Yield
Wmax 1
Gmax 0.82* 1
P 0.94** 0.58 1
百粒重100-kernel weight 0.97** 0.70 0.97** 1
产量Yield 0.35 0.16 0.41 0.33 1

表5

夏玉米籽粒灌浆参数与激素总量的相关性分析"

相关性
Correlation		 吲哚-3-乙酸
IAA		 玉米素核苷
ZR		 脱落酸ABA 赤霉素GA3 玉米素核苷/脱落酸
ZR/ABA		 吲哚-3-乙酸/脱落酸
IAA/ABA		 赤霉素/脱落酸
GA3/ABA		 脱落酸/(吲哚-3-乙酸+玉米素核苷+赤霉素)
ABA/(IAA+ZR+GA3)
Wmax 0.72* 0.80* 0.57 0.70 0.46 0.61 0.44 -0.62
Gmax 0.23 0.41 0.28 0.23 -0.01 0.09 -0.04 0.13
P 0.90** 0.89** -0.08 0.85** 0.66 0.80** 0.64 -0.80*
百粒重100-kernel weight 0.79* 0.90** 0.10 0.77* 0.51 0.66 0.47 -0.68
产量Yield 0.56 0.26 -0.76* 0.57 0.80* 0.68 0.81* -0.73*
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