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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 418-431.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43021

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

喷施6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对授粉后高温胁迫下夏玉米籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

辛雨宁1，任昊1，王洪章1，梁明磊2，于涛3,*，刘鹏1,*   

  1. 1 黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安271018; 2 聊城市农业技术推广服务中心, 山东聊城252000; 3 山东农业大学植物保护学院, 山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-15 修回日期:2024-10-25 接受日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-11-11
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC114)，山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT014-02)，国家自然科学基金项目(32101833)和国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2303304)资助。

Effects of spraying 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on grain filling and yield of summer maize under post-pollination high temperature stress

XIN Yu-Ning1,REN Hao1,WANG Hong-Zhang1,LIANG Ming-Lei2,YU Tao3,*,LIU Peng1,*   

  1. 1 Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China; 2 Liaocheng Agricultural Extension Service Center, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China; 3 College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-05-15 Revised:2024-10-25 Accepted:2024-10-25 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-11-11
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (ZR2021QC114), the Key Research and Development project of Shandong Province (2022CXPT014-02), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101833), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2303304).

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摘要：

近年来，夏玉米生长过程中频发的授粉后高温显著抑制籽粒灌浆，降低产量。6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)能够提升作物抵抗逆境胁迫的能力。本研究为探明授粉后高温胁迫下喷施6-BA对夏玉米籽粒灌浆过程的影响及其生理机制，以耐热型夏玉米品种郑单958 (ZD958)和热敏感型品种先玉335 (XY335)为材料，采用人工搭建高温棚模拟授粉后高温，研究喷施6-BA对授粉后高温胁迫下籽粒灌浆特性、淀粉积累与相关酶活性及内源激素水平的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，授粉后高温显著降低穗粒数，同时通过降低籽粒中淀粉合成相关酶的活性，抑制淀粉积累；改变内源激素水平，抑制籽粒灌浆，最终降低粒重(12.68%~15.21%)和产量(18.24%~22.35%)，其中XY335的降幅大于ZD958。授粉后高温胁迫下喷施6-BA增加穗粒数，同时通过提高籽粒中蔗糖合成酶、ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶、颗粒结合淀粉合成酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶和淀粉分支酶活性，促进淀粉积累；通过增加籽粒中玉米素核苷、吲哚-3-乙酸和脱落酸含量，降低赤霉素含量，有效缓解高温胁迫对籽粒中内源激素的不利影响，提高籽粒灌浆速率，延长灌浆持续时间，最终显著增加粒重(9.27%~11.18%)和产量(13.19%~15.47%)，其中对XY335的缓解作用更为明显。综上所述，喷施6-BA能够有效改善玉米籽粒灌浆过程，促进淀粉积累，同时调节内源激素水平，减轻授粉后高温对粒重和产量的不利影响。

关键词: 夏玉米, 高温, 6-苄基腺嘌呤, 籽粒灌浆, 淀粉, 内源激素

Abstract:

In recent years, high temperatures during the grain-filling stage have significantly reduced yields in summer maize. 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) has been shown to enhance plant resistance to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of 6-BA application on grain filling and its physiological mechanisms in summer maize under post-pollination high-temperature stress. Two maize varieties were used: the heat-tolerant Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and the heat-sensitive Xianyu 335 (XY335). High-temperature conditions were simulated using manually constructed shelters to study the effects of 6-BA on grain filling characteristics, starch accumulation, related enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone levels. The results showed that, compared to the control, high post-pollination temperatures significantly reduced the number of grains per spike and decreased starch synthase activity in the grains, leading to lower starch accumulation. This was accompanied by altered endogenous hormone levels, inhibited grain filling, and ultimately reduced grain weight (by 12.68%–15.21%) and yield (by 18.24%–22.35%), with the reductions being more pronounced in XY335 than in ZD958. However, 6-BA application under high temperatures significantly increased the number of grains per spike and enhanced the activities of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, granule-bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, and starch branching enzyme, leading to greater starch accumulation. Furthermore, high post-pollination temperatures increased the levels of zeatin riboside, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid while decreasing gibberellin levels. The application of 6-BA mitigated these adverse effects, resulting in an increased grain filling rate, prolonged filling duration, and a significant increase in grain weight (by 9.27%–11.18%) and yield (by 13.19%–15.47%), with the effects being more pronounced in XY335. In conclusion, applying 6-BA effectively improves grain filling and promotes starch accumulation in maize by regulating endogenous hormone levels, thereby alleviating the negative effects of post-pollination high-temperature stress on grain weight and yield.

Key words: summer maize, high temperature, 6-benzylaminopurine, grain filling, starch, endogenous hormone

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