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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (3): 747-755.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31032

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

刈割对青稞恢复特性及籽粒和秸秆产量品质特性的影响

贺佳奇1(), 白羿雄1,3,4, 姚晓华1,4, 姚有华1,4, 安立昆1,4, 王玉琴2, 王小萍1, 李新1,4, 崔永梅1,4, 吴昆仑1,4,*()   

  1. 1青海大学 / 青海省农林科学院 / 青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室 / 国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心, 青海西宁 810016
    2青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院), 青海西宁 810016
    3西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100
    4青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室, 青海西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10 接受日期:2023-09-13 出版日期:2024-03-12 网络出版日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: *吴昆仑, E-mail: wklqaaf@126.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: hejiaqi3692@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技成果转化项目(2020-NK-119);青海省农林科学院重点研发项目(2019-NKY-01);国家自然科学基金项目(32060483);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-05);青海省创新平台建设专项(1-5)

Effects of cutting on the recovery characteristics, grain and straw yield, and quality traits of Qingke

HE Jia-Qi1(), BAI Yi-Xiong1,3,4, YAO Xiao-Hua1,4, YAO You-Hua1,4, AN Li-Kun1,4, WANG Yu-Qin2, WANG Xiao-Ping1, LI Xin1,4, CUI Yong-Mei1,4, WU Kun-Lun1,4,*()   

  1. 1Qinghai University / Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences / Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qingke Genetic Breeding / National Improvement Center for Cereal Crops, Qingke Branch in Qinghai Province, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University (Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine), Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    3College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
    4Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2023-05-10 Accepted:2023-09-13 Published:2024-03-12 Published online:2023-09-27
  • Contact: *E-mail: wklqaaf@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of Qinghai Province(2020-NK-119);Key Research and Development Project of Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2019-NKY-01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060483);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-05);Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Province(1-5)

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摘要：

探明刈割对青稞植株再生恢复农艺与理化特性变化规律, 解析青稞籽粒和秸秆产量品质指标对刈割处理响应规律, 为青稞“粮苗草三用”生产模式应用和青稞植株再生恢复调控机制解析提供理论依据。本研究于2021—2022年, 以青稞品种昆仑18号和藏1257为研究对象, 以正常生长(CK)为对照, 采用两因素裂区设计, 刈割后于0 h (T0)、2 h (T1)、24 h (T2)、72 h (T3)、拔节期(T4)、抽穗期(T5)、灌浆期(T6) 7个发育阶段取材, 以分析刈割后茎部再生恢复速率及残茬中抗氧化酶的变化规律; 并对刈割后青稞秸秆和籽粒产量品质特性和内源激素快速响应规律进行分析。结果表明, 刈割使再生青稞秸秆及籽粒产量升高, 并使茎秆中粗蛋白、粗灰分含量升高, 纤维类物质含量降低, 使秸秆相对饲喂价值显著升高。刈割使青稞茎部株高和单株生物量生长恢复速率升高; 使青稞每公顷穗数和千粒重增加, 致使籽粒产量显著增加, 并使籽粒中累积更多粗蛋白与淀粉。刈割后青稞残茬中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量迅速升高, 并使残茬中的反式玉米素核苷(TZR)、异戊烯基腺苷(iPA)含量显著升高, 吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量显著降低。青稞残茬中细胞分裂素和生长素可能在刈割后抗氧化酶系统快速响应、地上部快速再生恢复过程中发挥重要调控作用。

关键词: 再生恢复, 产量, 饲用品质, 抗氧化酶, 内源激素

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of Qingke plants during regeneration and recovery after cutting and to analyze the response patterns of grain and straw yield, as well as quality indicators of Qingke. The findings will provide a theoretical basis for the application of the “food-seed-forage trinity” production model of Qingke and the analysis of regulatory mechanisms for plant regeneration and recovery in Qingke. This experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022, focused on the Qingke varieties Kunlun 18 and Zang 1257. Using normal growth (CK) as the control, a two-factor split-plot design was adopted. Samples were taken at seven developmental stages: 0 hour (T0), 2 hour (T1), 24 hours (T2), 72 hours (T3) after cutting, jointing stage (T4), heading stage (T5), and grain filling stage (T6), which aimed to analyze the regeneration rate of stem recovery and changes in antioxidant enzymes in the stubble after cutting and to analyze the yield, quality characteristics of Qingke straw and grain, and the rapid response patterns of endogenous hormones after cutting. The results indicated that cutting increased the regrowth of Qingke straw and grain yield. It also leaded to higher levels of crude protein and crude ash content in the stem, while reducing the fiber content. As a result, the relative feeding value of the straw was significantly improved. Cutting promoted the recovery rate of plant height and individual biomass growth in the stem of Qingke. It increased the number of spikes per hectare and 1000-grain weight, resulting in a significant increase in grain yield. Additionally, it leaded to the accumulation of higher levels of crude protein and starch in the grains. After cutting, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the stubble of Qingke increased rapidly. It also significantly increased the content of trans-zeatin riboside (TZR) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) in the stubble. However, it leaded to a significant decrease in the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the stubble. Cytokinins and auxins in the stubble of Qingke may play important regulatory roles in the rapid response of the antioxidant enzyme system and the rapid regeneration process of above-ground parts after cutting. This study provided the foundation for the analysis of the regulatory mechanisms in the post-cutting regeneration and recovery of Qingke plants.

Key words: regeneration recovery, yield, feed quality, antioxidant enzymes, endogenous hormones

图1

刈割对秸秆产量的影响 CK1: 昆仑18号正常生长; M1: 昆仑18号刈割处理; CK2: 藏1257正常生长; M2: 藏1257刈割处理。不同小写字母表示同一年中在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

表1

刈割处理对后茬青稞秸秆品质特性的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 粗蛋白
Crude protein (%)		 粗灰分
Ash
(%)		 纤维素
Cellulose
(%)		 半纤维素
Hemicellulose (%)		 木质素
Lignin
(%)		 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent fiber (%)		 中性洗涤纤维
Neutral
detergent fiber (%)		 相对饲喂价值
RFV
2021 CK1 4.09 e 8.62 cd 40.80 a 29.56 c 5.73 a 43.82 b 73.29 a 69.51 d
M1 5.13 b 9.69 a 38.46 bc 27.54 e 5.68 a 39.77 e 67.44 c 79.89 b
CK2 4.61 d 8.73 c 39.19 b 32.68 a 5.28 c 45.29 a 71.51 b 69.75 d
M2 5.53 a 9.82 a 37.22 de 30.82 b 5.17 c 41.08 d 63.48 e 83.38 a
2022 CK1 3.90 f 8.41 d 39.33 b 28.50 d 5.64 ab 42.55 c 69.83 b 74.27 c
M1 4.97 c 9.41 b 37.97 cd 26.26 f 5.54 b 39.59 e 65.71 d 80.96 b
CK2 4.59 d 8.56 cd 39.02 b 32.44 a 5.26 c 44.06 b 67.13 cd 75.63 c
M2 5.46 a 9.79 a 36.86 e 30.45 b 5.21 c 41.04 d 63.82 e 82.98 a

表2

刈割对籽粒产量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗粒数
Number of grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 每公顷穗数
Number of spikes per hm-2 (×106)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (t hm-2)
2021 CK1 53.77 ab 34.42 d 4.37 c 3.42 d
M1 51.09 cd 35.37 cd 4.43 a 3.59 a
CK2 51.67 cd 37.96 b 4.15 e 3.36 e
M2 49.26 e 39.36 a 4.22 d 3.48 c
2022 CK1 54.64 a 34.94 d 4.35 c 3.44 d
M1 52.61 bc 36.15 c 4.40 b 3.60 a
CK2 52.44 bc 38.21 ab 4.11 f 3.32 f
M2 50.46 de 39.22 a 4.17 e 3.54 b

表3

刈割对籽粒品质的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 粗蛋白
Protein content (%)		 淀粉
Starch content (%)
2021 CK1 11.30 d 69.95 d
M1 11.67 b 75.15 a
CK2 11.50 f 72.80 e
M2 12.18 d 73.90 bc
2022 CK1 10.30 c 65.77 ab
M1 11.28 a 71.26 a
CK2 11.10 e 71.30 bc
M2 12.21 a 73.60 ab

图2

2021-2022年刈割对茎部再生恢复特性的影响 图a~c为2021年数据, 图d~f为2022年数据。CK1: 昆仑18号正常生长; M1: 昆仑18号刈割处理; CK2: 藏1257正常生长; M2: 藏1257刈割处理。T1: 2 h; T2: 24 h; T3: 72 h; T4: 拔节期; T5: 抽穗期; T6: 灌浆期。"

图3

2021-2022年刈割对茎部保护酶活性的影响 图a~c为2021年数据, 图d~f为2022年数据。POD: 过氧化物酶; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。处理及生育期同图2。"

图4

2021-2022年刈割对茎部内源激素的影响 图a~e为2021年数据, 图f~j为2022年数据。TZR: 反式玉米素核苷; iPA: 异戊烯基腺苷; tZT: 反式玉米素; IAA: 吲哚-3-乙酸; ABA: 脱落酸。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。处理及生育期同图2。"

图5

各单项指标相对值的相关性分析 Ph: 株高; Cs: 秆强; Mb: 单株生物量; TZR: 反式玉米素核苷; iPA: 异戊烯基腺苷; tZT: 反式玉米素; IAA: 吲哚-3-乙酸; ABA: 脱落酸; POD: 过氧化物酶活性; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶活性; CAT: 过氧化氢酶活性。*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平显著相关。"

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