灌浆前期低温弱光复合处理对水稻产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42032

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 405-417.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42032

灌浆前期低温弱光复合处理对水稻产量和品质的影响

胡雅杰¹(), 郭靖豪¹, 丛舒敏¹, 蔡沁¹, 徐益¹, 孙亮¹, 郭保卫¹, 邢志鹏¹, 杨文飞²^,^*(), 张洪程¹^,^*()

¹扬州大学农学院 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
²江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所, 江苏淮安 223001

收稿日期:2024-07-03 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-11
通讯作者: *张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 杨文飞, E-mail: y1395791467@163.com
作者简介:E-mail: huyajie@yzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32372213);国家自然科学基金项目(31701350);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500404);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2302200);扬州大学“青蓝工程”和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目

Effect of low temperature and weak light stress during early grain filling on rice yield and quality

HU Ya-Jie¹(), GUO Jing-Hao¹, CONG Shu-Min¹, CAI Qin¹, XU Yi¹, SUN Liang¹, GUO Bao-Wei¹, XING Zhi-Peng¹, YANG Wen-Fei²^,^*(), ZHANG Hong-Cheng¹^,^*()

¹Agricultural College of Yangzhou University / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
²Jiangsu Xuhuai Area Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-07-03 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-10-11
Contact: *E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; E-mail: y1395791467@163.com
Supported by:
National Nature Science Foundation of China(32372213);National Nature Science Foundation of China(31701350);National Key Research Program of China(2022YFD1500404);National Key Research Program of China(2023YFD2302200);Yangzhou University’s “Qinglan Project”, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以软米粳稻南粳9108和常规粳稻淮稻5号为供试材料, 通过人工气候室设置梯度温度模拟水稻灌浆前期(齐穗至穗后20 d)温度动态递减变化, 设置灌浆前期动态低温和低温弱光处理, 并以室外温光作为对照(CK), 研究灌浆前期低温弱光对水稻产量及其构成、干物质生产和稻米品质的影响。结果表明: 与CK相比, 灌浆前期低温和低温弱光处理均降低水稻产量, 低温弱光处理减产显著。灌浆前期低温弱光处理降低结实率和千粒重导致减产; 低温处理降低结实率, 而千粒重有所增加。与CK相比, 灌浆前期低温和低温弱光处理均降低水稻成熟期干物质重和穗部干重, 叶和茎鞘干物质积累量较高; 倒一叶、倒二叶和倒三叶SPAD值均呈上升趋势, 表现为低温弱光>低温>CK; 剑叶的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先增加后降低趋势, 抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈增加, 丙二醛(MDA)含量和H₂O₂含量较高。就稻米品质而言, 与CK相比, 灌浆前期低温处理下稻米加工品质和外观品质变优, 而低温弱光处理下稻米加工品质变劣。与CK相比, 灌浆前期低温处理下直链淀粉含量增加, 胶稠度下降, 蛋白质含量降低, 食味值降低; 而低温弱光处理下直链淀粉含量降低, 胶稠度下降, 蛋白质含量增加, 食味值降低。因此, 灌浆前期低温和低温弱光均降低稻米食味品质。

关键词: 水稻, 灌浆前期, 低温弱光, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of low temperature (LN) and combined low temperature and weak light (LW) treatments during the early grain filling stage on rice yield, yield components, dry matter production, and rice quality. Two rice varieties, soft japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and conventional japonica rice Huaidao 5, were used as experimental materials. The gradient temperature in an artificial climate chamber was set to simulate the dynamic decrease in temperature during the early grain filling stage (from full heading to 20 days after full heading), with outdoor temperature and light conditions serving as the control (CK). The results showed that both LN and LW treatments reduced rice yield compared with CK. The yield reduction under LW was primarily due to a decrease in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In contrast, LN reduced the seed setting rate but increased the 1000-grain weight. Both LN and LW treatments decreased the total dry matter weight and panicle dry weight, while dry matter accumulation in leaves and stem sheaths was higher compared with CK. Additionally, the SPAD values of leaf 1, leaf 2, and leaf 3 under LN and LW exhibited an increasing trend compared with CK. Enzymatic activities were also affected by LN and LW treatments. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) initially increased and then decreased, while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased. Moreover, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ were higher under LN and LW compared with CK. In terms of rice quality, LN improved rice processing quality and appearance quality compared with CK, while LW deteriorated rice processing quality. Under LN treatment, amylose content increased, whereas gel consistency, protein content, and taste value decreased. Under LW treatment, amylose content and gel consistency decreased, protein content increased, and taste value decreased. Consequently, both LN and LW treatments reduced the eating quality of rice.

Key words: rice, the early grain filling, low temperature and weak light, yield, quality

胡雅杰, 郭靖豪, 丛舒敏, 蔡沁, 徐益, 孙亮, 郭保卫, 邢志鹏, 杨文飞, 张洪程. 灌浆前期低温弱光复合处理对水稻产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2): 405-417.

HU Ya-Jie, GUO Jing-Hao, CONG Shu-Min, CAI Qin, XU Yi, SUN Liang, GUO Bao-Wei, XING Zhi-Peng, YANG Wen-Fei, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Effect of low temperature and weak light stress during early grain filling on rice yield and quality[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 405-417.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42032

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2025/V51/I2/405

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处理 Treatment	灌浆前期光照 Light during early grain filling stage	灌浆前期温度 Temperature during early grain filling stage (℃)	第1个5 d温度First 5 days temperature (℃)	第2个5 d温度Second 5 days temperature (℃)	第3个5 d温度Third 5 days temperature (℃)	第4个5 d温度Fourth 5 days temperature (℃)
低温LN	自然光NL	24 (28/21)	25 (29/22)	24 (29/21)	23 (26/20)	23 (26/20)
低温弱光LW	遮阴50% S50	24 (28/21)	25 (29/22)	24 (29/21)	23 (26/20)	23 (26/20)
CK-2021	自然光NL	27 (31/24)	27 (31/24)	28 (33/25)	26 (30/24)	26 (31/23)
CK-2022	自然光NL	27 (31/23)	31 (37/28)	26 (28/23)	24 (29/21)	25 (30/21)
10年常温 NT of 10 years	—	26 (30/23)	27 (31/24)	26 (30/24)	25 (29/22)	25 (29/22)

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	每盆穗数 Number of panicles per pot	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (g pot^-1)
2021	南粳9108	CK	25.05±0.14 a	114.36±2.56 a	90.31±1.96 a	26.12±0.07 b	60.94±4.10 a
	NJ9108	低温LN	23.88±0.84 a	116.89±0.42 a	71.13±3.89 b	27.92±0.14 a	45.09±3.04 b
		低温弱光LW	24.63±0.86 a	113.52±0.76 a	67.27±0.39 c	24.33±0.14 c	32.74±2.20 c
	淮稻5号	CK	25.12±1.53 a	110.12±0.84 a	97.17±0.44 a	28.34±0.04 b	68.11±4.59 a
	HD5	低温LN	25.48±0.01 a	108.65±2.93 a	92.38±0.89 b	29.31±0.07 a	64.83±4.37 a
		低温弱光LW	26.20±1.68 a	107.88±0.70 a	87.91±0.40 c	26.75±0.13 c	57.91±0.81 b
2022	南粳9108	CK	23.86±1.34 a	112.95±2.74 a	26.99±0.29 a	26.55±0.07 a	13.89±0.02 a
	NJ9108	低温LN	23.93±0.20 a	113.41±1.68 a	20.40±0.57 b	27.15±0.28 a	8.09±0.51 b
		低温弱光LW	23.77±0.41 a	111.92±1.56 a	7.30±1.23 c	26.50±0.07 a	4.95±0.27 c
	淮稻5号	CK	25.32±0.72 a	106.65±1.40 a	45.38±1.91 a	27.48±0.46 b	25.92±0.67 a
	HD5	低温LN	24.36±0.99 a	105.82±0.47 a	27.58±0.07 b	28.90±0.07 a	15.20±0.60 b
		低温弱光LW	25.13±0.55 a	106.47±1.07 a	24.69±0.78 b	28.23±0.11 ab	11.78±0.71 c

年份/品种 Year/Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总干物质重 Total dry matter weight (g pot⁻¹)	干物质重Dry matter weight (g pot⁻¹)			比例Ratio (%)
年份/品种 Year/Cultivar	处理 Treatment	总干物质重 Total dry matter weight (g pot⁻¹)	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem sheath	穗 Panicle	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem sheath	穗 Panicle
2021
南粳9108	CK	128.27±2.38 a	14.14±0.39 a	46.77±1.54 b	67.37±0.45 a	11.02±0.10 b	36.46±0.53 c	52.52±0.63 a
NJ9108	低温LN	123.79±0.03 b	14.93±0.13 a	53.77±0.86 a	55.09±1.03 b	12.06±0.11 b	43.44±0.71 b	44.51±0.82 b
	低温弱光LW	112.11±0.42 c	15.74±0.57 a	54.15±1.59 a	42.23±0.60 c	14.04±0.56 a	48.29±1.24 a	37.67±0.68 c
淮稻5号	CK	133.98±3.77 a	14.81±0.37 a	47.95±2.65 b	71.23±0.75 a	11.05±0.04 a	35.77±0.97 b	53.18±0.94 a
HD5	低温LN	131.93±1.91 a	15.45±0.75 a	51.84±1.20 ab	64.64±0.05 b	11.71±0.40 a	39.29±0.34 a	49.00±0.74 b
	低温弱光LW	130.26±0.63 a	15.49±0.33 a	54.67±0.93 a	60.11±0.62 c	11.84±0.20 a	41.99±0.51 a	46.15±0.70 b
2022
南粳9108	CK	83.87±4.81 a	14.14±0.32 a	46.87±2.12 b	22.87±2.37 a	16.85±0.59 b	55.88±0.68 b	27.26±1.27 a
NJ9108	低温LN	78.22±0.92 b	15.33±0.21 a	50.66±0.82 ab	12.23±1.95 b	19.60±0.50 ab	64.76±1.81 a	15.64±2.31 b
	低温弱光LW	75.57±2.76 c	15.74±0.64 a	51.15±0.78 a	8.68±1.34 c	20.83±0.08 a	67.69±1.44 a	11.49±1.36 c
淮稻5号	CK	98.09±0.05 a	14.81±0.76 a	47.95±0.23 b	35.33±1.05 a	15.10±0.79 a	48.88±0.26 b	36.02±1.05 a
HD5	低温LN	89.63±5.54 b	15.41±0.85 a	54.67±2.55 a	19.55±2.14 b	17.19±0.12 a	61.00±0.92 a	21.81±1.04 b
	低温弱光LW	84.58±1.63 c	15.65±0.17 a	55.49±2.62 a	13.44±1.16 c	18.50±0.16 a	65.59±1.83 a	15.91±1.68 c

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice (%)	精米率 Milled rice (%)	整精米率 Head rice (%)
南粳9108	CK	81.19±0.13 a	68.37±1.71 b	59.54±0.08 b
NJ9108	低温LN	81.80±0.36 a	72.89±1.03 a	62.02±0.36 a
	低温弱光LW	80.42±0.52 a	66.07±0.91 c	57.02±0.68 c
淮稻5号	CK	81.99±0.43 a	69.24±0.33 b	61.36±0.22 b
HD5	低温LN	82.61±0.02 a	71.17±0.91 a	62.72±0.24 a
	低温弱光LW	81.72±0.16 a	66.53±0.25 c	58.36±0.28 c

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	长宽比 Length-width ratio	粒长 Grain length (mm)	粒宽 Grain width (mm)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain percentage (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)
南粳9108	CK	1.60±0.01 b	4.30±0.01 b	2.70±0.01 b	58.51±3.24 a	17.33±0.43 a
NJ9108	低温LN	1.66±0 a	4.70±0 a	2.84±0.01 a	41.29±2.22 b	15.00±0.17 b
	低温弱光LW	1.65±0 a	4.70±0.01 a	2.86±0 a	64.03±2.11 a	18.21±0.37 a
淮稻5号	CK	1.68±0 b	4.59±0.02 b	2.74±0.02 c	40.26±3.10 a	14.79±0.56 a
HD5	低温LN	1.72±0 a	4.88±0.01 a	2.85±0.01 a	29.68±0.61 b	12.31±0.33 b
	低温弱光LW	1.74±0.01 a	4.88±0.01 a	2.81±0 b	43.47±3.42 a	15.79±0.75 a

灌浆前期低温弱光复合处理对水稻产量和品质的影响

Effect of low temperature and weak light stress during early grain filling on rice yield and quality

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品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)
南粳9108	CK	11.1±0.20 ab	86.6±1.84 a	8.2±0.28 ab
NJ9108	低温LN	11.9±0.54 a	83.1±1.13 a	7.6±0.42 b
	低温弱光LW	9.9±0.21 b	73.8±3.11 b	9.1±0.14 a
淮稻5号	CK	15.5±0.19 b	76.5±0.99 a	8.5±0.28 a
HD5	低温LN	16.8±0.01 a	72.3±1.70 a	8.2±0.28 a
	低温弱光LW	14.1±0.17 c	64.3±1.13 b	8.9±0.42 a

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	外观 Surface	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡度Equilibrium value	食味值 Taste value
南粳9108	CK	9.3±0.14 a	4.8±0.07 c	9.2±0.07 a	9.3±0.07 a	88.1±2.23 a
NJ9108	低温LN	8.6±0 b	5.3±0.14 b	8.0±0.07 b	8.5±0 b	82.0±1.19 b
	低温弱光LW	7.8±0.14 c	5.8±0 a	7.0±0.14 c	7.5±0.07 c	75.8±1.30 c
淮稻5号	CK	8.6±0.28 a	5.3±0.14 a	8.2±0.07 a	8.5±0.14 a	82.6±1.43 a
HD5	低温LN	8.2±0.14 a	5.6±0.21 a	7.5±0.28 ab	8.0±0.28 a	78.4±0.88 a
	低温弱光LW	7.0±0 b	6.3±0.28 a	6.5±0.28 b	6.7±0.28 b	70.8±0.71 b

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