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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 405-417.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42032

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌浆前期低温弱光复合处理对水稻产量和品质的影响

胡雅杰1，郭靖豪1，丛舒敏1，蔡沁1，徐益1，孙亮1，郭保卫1， 邢志鹏1，杨文飞2,*，张洪程1,*   

  1. 1 扬州大学农学院 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009；2 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所，江苏淮安223001
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-03 修回日期:2024-09-18 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-02-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-11
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32372213, 31701350), 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500404, 2023YFD2302200)和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目资助。

Effect of low temperature and weak light stress during early grain filling on rice yield and quality

HU Ya-Jie1,GUO Jing-Hao1,CONG Shu-Min1,CAI Qin1,XU Yi1,SUN Liang1,GUO Bao-Wei1,XING Zhi-Peng1,YANG Wen-Fei2,*,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,*   

  1. 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; 2 Jiangsu Xuhuai area Huaiyin Agricultural Science Research Institute, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2024-07-03 Revised:2024-09-18 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-02-12 Published online:2024-10-11
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (32372213, 31701350), the National Key Research Program of China (2022YFD1500404, 2023YFD2302200), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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摘要：

以软米粳稻南粳9108和常规粳稻淮稻5号为供试材料，通过人工气候室设置梯度温度模拟水稻灌浆前期(齐穗至穗后20 d)温度动态递减变化，设置灌浆前期动态低温和低温弱光处理，并以室外温光作为对照(CK)，研究灌浆前期低温弱光对水稻产量及其构成、干物质生产和稻米品质的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，灌浆前期低温和低温弱光处理均降低水稻产量，低温弱光处理减产显著。灌浆前期低温弱光处理降低结实率和千粒重导致减产；低温处理降低结实率，而千粒重有所增加。与CK相比，灌浆前期低温和低温弱光处理均降低水稻成熟期干物质重和穗部干重，叶和茎鞘干物质积累量较高；倒一叶、倒二叶和倒三叶SPAD值均呈上升趋势，表现为低温弱光>低温>CK；剑叶的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先增加后降低趋势，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈增加，丙二醛(MDA)含量和H2O2含量较高。就稻米品质而言，与CK相比，灌浆前期低温处理下稻米加工品质和外观品质变优，而低温弱光处理下稻米加工品质变劣。与CK相比，灌浆前期低温处理下直链淀粉含量增加，胶稠度下降，蛋白质含量降低，食味值降低；而低温弱光处理下直链淀粉含量降低，胶稠度下降，蛋白质含量增加，食味值降低。因此，灌浆前期低温和低温弱光均降低稻米食味品质。

关键词: 水稻, 灌浆前期, 低温弱光, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of low temperature (LT) and combined low temperature and weak light (LW) treatments during the early grain filling stage on rice yield, yield components, dry matter production, and rice quality. Two rice varieties, soft japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and conventional japonica rice Huaidao 5, were used as experimental materials. The gradient temperature in an artificial climate chamber was set to simulate the dynamic decrease in temperature during the early grain filling stage (from full heading to 20 days after full heading), with outdoor temperature and light conditions serving as the control (CK). The results showed that both LT and LW treatments reduced rice yield compared with CK. The yield reduction under LW was primarily due to a decrease in seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. In contrast, LT reduced the seed setting rate but increased the 1000-grain weight. Both LT and LW treatments decreased the total dry matter weight and panicle dry weight, while dry matter accumulation in leaves and stem sheaths was higher compared with CK. Additionally, the SPAD values of leaf 1, leaf 2, and leaf 3 under LT and LW exhibited an increasing trend compared with CK. Enzymatic activities were also affected by LT and LW treatments. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) initially increased and then decreased, while the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased. Moreover, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were higher under LT and LW compared with CK. In terms of rice quality, LT improved rice processing quality and appearance quality compared with CK, while LW deteriorated rice processing quality. Under LT treatment, amylose content increased, whereas gel consistency, protein content, and taste value decreased. Under LW treatment, amylose content and gel consistency decreased, protein content increased, and taste value decreased. Consequently, both LT and LW treatments reduced the eating quality of rice.

Key words: rice, the early grain filling, low temperature and weak light, yield, quality

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