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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 771-784.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43034

所属专题： 玉米耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿肥还田条件下减氮对河西绿洲灌区玉米产量及N2O排放的影响

刘亚龙1,2(), 王鹏飞1,2, 于爱忠1,2,*(), 王玉珑1,2, 尚永盼1,2, 杨学慧1,2, 尹波1,2, 张冬玲1,2, 王凤1,2   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-26 接受日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2025-03-12 网络出版日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者: *于爱忠, E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17834494250@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900200);国家自然科学基金项目(32160524);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-G-12);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育计划项目(GAUfx-04J01);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA867)

Effects of nitrogen reduction on maize yield and N2O emission under green manure returning in Hexi oasis irrigation area

LIU Ya-Long1,2(), WANG Peng-Fei1,2, YU Ai-Zhong1,2,*(), WANG Yu-Long1,2, SHANG Yong-Pan1,2, YANG Xue-Hui1,2, YIN Bo1,2, ZHANG Dong-Ling1,2, WANG Feng1,2   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Aridland Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-07-26 Accepted:2024-12-12 Published:2025-03-12 Published online:2024-12-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1900200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160524);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-22-G-12);Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University(GAUfx-04J01);Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA867)

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摘要：

探究绿洲灌区玉米产量、N2O排放特征对绿肥还田条件下减量施氮的响应, 以期为区域构建稳产减排的施氮制度提供理论依据。基于甘肃农业大学武威绿洲农业试验站开展的田间定位试验, 设置绿肥还田条件下传统施氮量(N100)和绿肥还田条件下减量施氮10%、20%、30%和40% (即N90、N80、N70和N60)处理, 分析各处理对玉米产量及N2O排放特征的影响。结果表明, 绿肥还田条件下, N100、N90和N80处理的玉米产量无显著差异, 但均显著高于N70和N60处理。N2O全球增温潜势(GWP)随着施氮量的降低而减小; N2O排放强度(GHGI)以N80处理最低, 较N100处理显著降低14.3%。在玉米生长阶段, N2O排放通量峰值出现在施肥后, 且随着施氮量的增加各处理峰值相应增加。与N100处理相比, N90、N80、N70和N60处理N2O累积排放量显著降低; 但N90和N80处理较N70处理分别提高18.0%和9.4%, 较N60分别提高28.6%和19.3% (P < 0.05)。玉米全生育期0~110 cm土壤平均NH4+-N和NO3--N含量随着施肥量的减少而降低。其中N90、N80、N70和N60处理较N100处理平均NH4+-N含量分别降低6.4%、9.9%、15.3%和21.3%, 差异显著; 平均NO3--N含量分别降低5.6%、11.5%、9.2%和24.5%, 差异显著。相关性分析表明, 施氮量、土壤NH4+-N含量、土壤NO3--N含量和N2O排放量两两之间均呈正相关, 施氮量通过影响土壤NH4+-N和NO3--N含量来影响农田N2O排放, 是影响农田N2O排放的主要因素。因此, 绿肥还田条件下减量施氮20%可作为干旱绿洲灌区发展稳产减排的合理氮肥管理制度。

关键词: 绿肥, 减氮, 产量, N2O排放, 铵态氮, 硝态氮

Abstract:

This study investigated the response of maize yield and N2O emission characteristics to nitrogen reduction under green manure incorporation in an oasis irrigation area. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for developing a nitrogen application system that ensures stable yields while reducing emissions in this region. A field experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University. Treatments included the traditional nitrogen application rate (N100) combined with green manure, and nitrogen application rates reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (N90, N80, N70, and N60, respectively) under the same green manure conditions. The results showed no significant differences in maize yield among N100, N90, and N80, but their yields were significantly higher than those of N70 and N60. The global warming potential (GWP) of N2O emissions decreased with the reduction in nitrogen application rates. Notably, the N2O emission intensity (GHGI) was lowest under N80, which was 14.3% lower than that under N100. During the maize growth period, the peak N2O emission flux occurred after fertilization, with peak values increasing as nitrogen application rates increased. Compared to N100, cumulative N2O emissions under N90, N80, N70, and N60 were significantly reduced. However, cumulative emissions under N90 and N80 were 18.0% and 9.4% higher than those under N70, and 28.6% and 19.3% higher than those under N60, respectively (P < 0.05). The average concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the 0-110 cm soil layer decreased as nitrogen application rates were reduced during the maize growth period. Compared to N100, average NH4+-N concentrations under N90, N80, N70, and N60 decreased by 6.4%, 9.9%, 15.3%, and 21.3%, respectively, with significant differences. Similarly, average NO3--N concentrations decreased by 5.6%, 11.5%, 9.2%, and 24.5%, respectively, with significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between nitrogen application rates, soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, and N2O emissions. Nitrogen application rates influenced farmland N2O emissions by regulating soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, making them the primary factors driving N2O emissions. Therefore, a 20% reduction in nitrogen application under green manure incorporation is recommended as a suitable nitrogen management strategy to achieve stable yields and emission reductions in arid oasis irrigation regions.

Key words: green manure, reducing nitrogen, yield, N2O emissions, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen

图1

2021-2022年试验期间日均温度及降雨量变化"

表1

试验处理代码及施氮量"

处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base fertilizer		 追肥Top application 总施氮量
Total
大喇叭口期
Flare opening stage		 灌浆初期
Early filling stage
N100 108 180 72 360
N90 98 162 64 324
N80 86 144 58 288
N70 76 126 50 252
N60 64 128 44 216

图2

2020-2022年田间试验示意图 A、B分别为玉米-春小麦-箭筈豌豆的轮作顺序和春小麦-箭筈豌豆-玉米轮作顺序。"

表2

不同作物不同时期灌溉制度"

作物
Crop		 生育时期
Growth stage		 灌溉量
Irrigation norm (mm)
玉米 Maize 拔节期Jointing 90
大喇叭口期Pre-heading 75
抽雄吐丝期Silking 90
灌浆初期Flowering 75
灌浆中期Filling 75
小麦 Wheat 苗期Seedling 75
孕穗期Booting 90
灌浆期Filling 75
绿肥 Green manure 苗期Seedling 70
现蕾期Budding 90

图3

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米、小麦籽粒产量变化 处理同表1。图A、B分别表示玉米籽粒产量和小麦籽粒产量。不同小写字母表示同一年不同处理之间P < 0.05水平上差异显著。误差线表示标准误。"

图4

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米全生育期N2O排放通量 处理同表1。A、B分别为不同处理玉米全生育期N2O排放通量动态变化和玉米全生育期平均N2O排放通量。不同小写字母表示同一年不同处理之间P < 0.05水平上差异显著。误差线表示标准误。"

图5

2021-2022年不同处理下土壤N2O排放总量 处理同表1。不同小写字母表示同一年不同处理之间P < 0.05水平上差异显著。误差线表示标准误。"

表3

2021-2022年不同处理下N2O全球增温潜势及N2O排放强度"

处理
Treatment		 全球增温潜势
Global warming potential (kg eq-CO2 hm-2)		 N2O排放强度
N2O emission intensity (kg eq-CO2 kg-1)
2021 2022 2021 2022
N100 607.0 ± 12.1 a 604.0 ± 2.5 a 42.2 ± 1.97 a 38.5 ± 0.25 a
N90 562.1 ± 9.5 b 568.6 ± 5.4 b 38.3 ± 0.96 cd 35.8 ± 0.67 b
N80 529.3 ± 5.1 c 517.7 ± 3.0 c 36.4 ± 0.12 d 32.9 ± 0.41 c
N70 477.5 ± 7.4 d 480.0 ± 3.9 d 39.8 ± 0.85 ab 38.3 ± 0.23 a
N60 437.4 ± 4.5 e 442.3 ± 11.0 e 42.3 ± 0.56 a 39.1 ± 1.11 a

图6

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米全生育期0~110 cm土层铵态氮含量 处理同表1。误差线表示LSD值。"

图7

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米全生育期0~110 cm土层平均NH4+-N含量变化 处理同表1。不同小写字母表示同一年不同处理之间P < 0.05水平上差异显著。误差线表示标准误。"

图8

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米全生育期0~110 cm土层硝态氮含量 处理同表1。误差线表示LSD值。"

图9

2021-2022年不同处理下玉米全生育期0~110cm土壤平均NO3--N含量变化 处理同表1。不同小写字母表示同一年不同处理之间P < 0.05水平上差异显著。误差线表示标准误。"

图10

2021-2022年土壤N2O排放量与各因素之间的相关性 C、Ti、AA、AN分别表示N2O累积排放量、施氮量和玉米全生育期0~110 cm土层平均NH4+-N、NO3--N含量; A1~A7和N1~N7分别表示0~10、10~20、20~30、30~50、50~70、70~90和90~110 cm土层NH4+-N和NO3--N含量。*表示在0.05水平上相关性显著。"

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