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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 785-796.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42022

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚-γ-谷氨酸对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

杨翠华(), 李诗豪, 易徐徐, 郑飞雄, 杜雪竹(), 盛锋()   

  1. 湖北大学生命科学学院 / 省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430062
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22 接受日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2025-03-12 网络出版日期:2024-11-12
  • 通讯作者: *盛锋, E-mail: shengfsk@163.com; 杜雪竹, E-mail: duxuezhusk@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨翠华, E-mail: 1784723552@qq.com

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省中央引导地方专项项目(2020ZYYD036);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BBA224)

Effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid on rice yield, quality, and nutrient uptake

YANG Cui-Hua(), LI Shi-Hao, YI Xu-Xu, ZHENG Fei-Xiong, DU Xue-Zhu(), SHENG Feng()   

  1. School of Life Sciences, Hubei University / State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-04-22 Accepted:2024-10-25 Published:2025-03-12 Published online:2024-11-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: shengfsk@163.com; E-mail: duxuezhusk@163.com
  • About author:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Hubei Provincial Central Leading Local Special Project(2020ZYYD036);Key R&D Plan Projects in Hubei Province(2021BBA224)

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摘要：

探究聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA)对水稻产量、品质和养分吸收的影响, 为高产优质、养分高效利用的水稻栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考。于2022年和2023年在湖北省武穴市花桥镇开展田间试验, 采用随机完全区组设计, 包括黑籼稻(B)、冈特优8024 (R)和黄华占(H) 3个水稻品种, 和不施加γ-PGA发酵液(P0)和施加25 kg hm-2 γ-PGA发酵液(P1) 2种γ-PGA处理方式, 分析了水稻干物质量、植株氮磷素积累量、产量、稻米外观品质、籽粒蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量。结果表明, 2022年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量影响显著, P1处理较P0水稻产量增加3.2%~10.8%; 2023年施加γ-PGA对水稻产量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA的品种B和R的干物质量显著高于不施γ-PGA处理, BP1处理较BP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加7.5%~8.5%, 成熟期干物质量显著增加5.9%~7.2%; RP1处理较RP0齐穗期干物质量显著增加8.5%~8.8%, 成熟期干物质量显著增加3.3%~3.5%。施加γ-PGA对品种H的干物质量无显著影响。施加γ-PGA能显著提高水稻的氮素和磷素积累量, P1处理较P0齐穗期氮素积累量显著增加12.5%~19.0%, 磷素积累量显著增加13.4%~20.3%; 成熟期氮素积累量显著增加7.2%~16.5%, 磷素积累量显著增加9.2%~29.0%。施用γ-PGA能显著提高稻米直链淀粉和蛋白质含量, 降低胶稠度、垩白度, 但对粒长、粒宽、碱消值无显著影响。因此, 施用γ-PGA显著提高水稻植株干物质量和氮、磷素积累量, 改善稻米品质。

关键词: 水稻, 聚-γ-谷氨酸(γ-PGA), 产量, 干物质积累, 养分吸收

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on rice yield, quality, and nutrient absorption, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for cultivating rice with high yield, superior quality, and efficient nutrient utilization. The field experiment was conducted in Huaqiao town, Wuxue county, Hubei province, from 2022 to 2023, using a randomized block design. The study included three rice varieties (Heixiandao (B), Gangteyou 8024 (R), and Huanghuazhan (H)) and two γ-PGA treatments (no application of γ-PGA fermentation solution (P0) and 25 kg hm-2 γ-PGA fermentation solution (P1)). Dry matter mass, nitrogen accumulation, phosphorus accumulation, yield, appearance quality, grain protein content, and amylose content were analyzed. The results showed that γ-PGA application had a significant effect on rice yield in 2022, with P1 treatments increasing yield by 3.2%-10.8% compared to P0 treatments. However, there was no significant effect on yield in 2023. The dry matter mass of varieties B and R treated with γ-PGA was significantly higher than those without γ-PGA. Compared to BP0, the BP1 treatment significantly increased dry matter mass by 7.5%-8.5% at the full heading stage and by 5.9%-7.2% at the mature stage. Similarly, compared to RP0, the RP1 treatment significantly increased dry matter mass by 8.5%-8.8% at the full heading stage and by 3.3%-3.5% at the mature stage. γ-PGA application had no significant effect on the dry matter mass of variety H. Furthermore, γ-PGA significantly increased nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation. Compared to P0, the P1 treatments increased nitrogen accumulation by 12.5%-19.0% and phosphorus accumulation by 13.4%-20.3% at the full heading stage, and increased nitrogen accumulation by 7.2%-16.5% and phosphorus accumulation by 9.2%-29.0% at the mature stage. γ-PGA application also significantly enhanced amylose and protein content while reducing chalkiness degree and gel consistency, though it had no significant effects on grain length, grain width, or alkali spreading value. In conclusion, the application of γ-PGA significantly improved dry matter mass, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, and rice quality.

Key words: rice, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), yield, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption

表1

双因素试验的方差分析"

年份
Year		 生育期
Growth stage		 指标
Indicator		 品种
Variety		 γ-PGA
treatment		 品种 × γ-PGA
Variety × γ-PGA
2022 产量 Yield 871.738** 1.229* 7.416
有效穗 Effective panicle 30.662** 1.299 0.091
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle 34.814** 0.218 0.003
千粒重 1000-kernel weight 3796.451** 3.589 0.084
I 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation 133.636** 48.374** 0.112
II 50.072** 4.408 0.060
I 氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation 182.658** 82.530** 2.395
II 86.224** 26.157** 0.167
I 磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation 268.848** 126.361** 0.278
II 149.059** 87.727** 2.036
2022 产量 Yield 15.815* 0.119 0.176
有效穗 Effective panicle 70.308** 0.962 0.154
穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle 28.351** 1.082 0.412
千粒重 1000-kernel weight 8131.307** 0.910 0.474
I 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation 517.003** 77.750** 1.665
II 30.725** 2.121 0.160
I 氮素积累量 Nitrogen accumulation 185.366** 41.353** 1.061
II 39.619** 6.928* 0.492
I 磷素积累量 Phosphorus accumulation 549.982** 188.645** 5.115*
II 60.943** 8.543* 0.354

表2

不同处理水稻产量及产量构成因子"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 有效穗
Effective panicle
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per
panicle		 千粒重
1000-kernel
weight (g)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate
(%)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
2022 BP0 306.67 ± 1.67 bc 153.92 ± 1.84 b 25.59 ± 0.01 a 79.79 ± 0.60 a 9.13 ± 0.26 b
BP1 310.00 ± 0 b 155.13 ± 0.42 b 25.69 ± 0.09 a 80.51 ± 0.73 a 10.12 ± 0.33 a
RP0 285.00 ± 10.41 d 177.77 ± 7.60 a 25.59 ± 0.02 a 78.96 ± 0.28 a 10.40 ± 0.34 a
RP1 290.00 ± 8.66 cd 184.47 ± 4.90 a 25.66 ± 0.08 a 79.37 ± 0.51 a 10.74 ± 0.18 a
HP0 330.00 ± 5.00 a 157.52 ± 0.77 b 21.88 ± 0 b 71.44 ± 0.31 b 7.45 ± 0.36 c
HP1 338.33 ± 1.67 a 159.28 ± 1.04 b 21.93 ± 0.02 b 72.01 ± 0.40 b 7.77 ± 0.34 c
2023 BP0 302.14 ± 2.03 c 154.12 ± 1.18 b 25.19 ± 0.03 a 78.33 ± 0.38 a 8.56 ± 0.26 a
BP1 308.22 ± 4.06 bc 155.15 ± 1.08 b 25.19 ± 0.03 a 78.89 ± 0.85 a 8.99 ± 0.27 a
RP0 318.36 ± 4.06 b 175.02 ± 2.63 a 25.11 ± 0.05 a 73.74 ± 0.56 bc 9.15 ± 0.30 a
RP1 320.39 ± 7.31 b 175.74 ± 2.67 a 25.17 ± 0.04 a 74.65 ± 0.43 b 9.50 ± 0.13 a
HP0 352.83 ± 3.51 a 144.43 ± 4.69 c 21.21 ± 0.01 b 70.90 ± 1.05 d 7.78 ± 0.68 a
HP1 354.86 ± 2.03 a 149.71 ± 3.03 bc 21.22 ± 0.04 b 72.02 ± 0.29 cd 8.18 ± 0.93 a

表3

不同处理水稻干物质积累量、收获指数和齐穗至成熟期干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 干物质积累量
Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2)		 转运量
Transport
(t hm-2)		 转运率
Transport rate
(%)		 收获指数
Harvest index (%)		 对籽粒贡献率
Contribution to grain (%)
齐穗期
Full heading stage		 成熟期
Mature stage
2022 BP0 14.84 ± 0.09 b 20.94 ± 0.65 c 6.10 ± 0.66 b 28.99 ± 2.26 b 43.66 ± 1.64 a 66.79 ± 6.63 a
BP1 15.96 ± 0.15 a 22.19 ± 0.28 bc 6.23 ± 0.17 b 28.06 ± 0.47 b 45.64 ± 2.01 a 61.78 ± 3.50 a
RP0 14.86 ± 0.06 b 23.83 ± 0.60 ab 8.98 ± 0.66 a 37.57 ± 1.76 a 43.63 ± 0.46 a 86.08 ± 3.56 a
RP1 16.13 ± 0.12 a 24.66 ± 0.58 a 8.53 ± 0.52 a 34.54 ± 1.34 ab 43.60 ± 1.34 a 79.55 ± 5.44 a
HP0 12.01 ± 0.36 d 17.68 ± 0.39 d 5.66 ± 0.28 b 32.04 ± 1.39 ab 42.16 ± 2.29 a 76.80 ± 7.56 a
HP1 13.10 ± 0.27 c 18.72 ± 0.92 d 5.62 ± 1.06 b 29.58 ± 4.48 b 41.87 ± 3.69 a 73.36 ± 15.90 a
2023 BP0 14.83 ± 0.09 d 22.42 ± 0.71 cd 7.59 ± 0.75 a 32.69 ± 2.34 a 38.26 ± 1.52 a 88.73 ± 9.39 a
BP1 16.09 ± 0.09 c 24.02 ± 1.52 bc 7.93 ± 1.44 a 33.54 ± 3.75 a 37.77 ± 3.00 a 88.79 ± 17.26 a
RP0 17.46 ± 0.32 b 26.43 ± 0.38 ab 8.97 ± 0.67 a 32.89 ± 2.09 a 34.66 ± 1.41 a 98.29 ± 8.60 a
RP1 19.00 ± 0.06 a 27.30 ± 0.43 a 8.29 ± 0.48 a 31.35 ± 1.28 a 34.84 ± 1.03 a 87.46 ± 6.22 a
HP0 12.23 ± 0.21 f 19.66 ± 0.87 d 7.02 ± 0.72 a 32.30 ± 2.37 a 40.62 ± 4.38 a 92.79 ± 16.31 a
HP1 13.15 ± 0.09 e 20.32 ± 0.85 d 6.76 ± 0.71 a 32.80 ± 2.35 a 41.49 ± 5.96 a 87.21 ± 20.24 a

图1

不同处理水稻干物质量 方柱上方小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表2。"

图2

不同处理水稻植株氮素积累量和转运量 方柱上方小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表2。"

图3

不同处理水稻植株磷素积累量和转运量 方柱上方小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。处理同表2。"

表4

不同处理水稻主要品质指标"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 粒长
Length
(mm)		 粒宽
Width
(mm)		 垩白度Chalkiness degree (%) 胶稠度
Gel
consistency
(mm)		 碱消值
Alkali
spreading value (mm)		 直链淀粉Amylose
content (%)		 蛋白质
Protein content (%)
2022 BP0 6.34±0.03 b 1.90±0.01 b 6.77±0.11 ab 81.50±1.04 a 5.17±0.15 bc 12.48±0.07 bc 8.67±0.04 ab
BP1 6.43±0.04 a 1.91±0.01 b 6.65±0.28 b 80.00±0.29 ab 5.28±0.16 abc 12.88±0.29 b 8.85±0.13 a
RP0 6.09±0.02 c 2.13±0.01 a 6.88±0.26 ab 79.83±0.60 ab 4.83±0.15 c 11.90±0.10 c 8.62±0.23 ab
RP1 6.17±0.01 c 2.14±0.01 a 6.42±0.07 b 78.17±0.93 b 5.08±0.12 bc 12.32±0.20 bc 8.80±0.16 a
HP0 6.18±0.04 c 1.79±0.01 c 7.50±0.23 a 70.50±0.58 c 5.65±0.21 a 14.02±0.23 a 8.07±0.20 c
HP1 6.30±0.02 b 1.80±0.02 c 7.17±0.38 ab 68.50±0.29 c 5.72±0.13 a 14.32±0.21 a 8.22±0.16 bc
2023 BP0 6.61±0.04 ab 2.02±0.04 b 6.73±0.12 bc 82.83±0.73 a 4.68±0.04 c 12.28±0.08 bc 8.62±0.09 abc
BP1 6.70±0.04 a 2.02±0.04 b 6.40±0.20 cd 81.17±0.44 a 4.87±0.15 bc 12.43±0.03 b 8.82±0.19 a
RP0 6.22±0.03 d 2.19±0.03 a 7.55±0.10 a 81.67±0.44 a 4.88±0.04 bc 11.77±0.09 c 8.45±0.08 bc
RP1 6.31±0.04 d 2.21±0.04 a 7.05±0.21 b 80.33±1.17 a 5.10±0.15 b 12.12±0.12 b 8.67±0.12 ab
HP0 6.50±0.03 c 1.90±0.03 c 6.42±0.09 cd 71.17±1.76 b 6.15±0.08 a 14.20±0.24 a 8.08±0.02 d
HP1 6.56±0.01 bc 1.91±0.01 c 6.18±0.10 d 69.50±1.76 b 6.32±0.12 a 14.48±0.27 a 8.32±0.04 cd
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