作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2383-2395.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43001
孙照华1(), 任昊1, 王洪章1, 王子强2, 姚海燕3, 辛爱美4, 赵斌1, 张吉旺1, 任佰朝1, 刘鹏1,*(
)
SUN Zhao-Hua1(), REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, WANG Zi-Qiang2, YAO Hai-Yan3, XIN Ai-Mei4, ZHAO Bin1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, REN Bai-Zhao1, LIU Peng1,*(
)
摘要:
硅是作物生长的有益元素, 有助于缓解作物遭受的盐胁迫。本试验以大田试验种植的登海605为试验材料, 分别于小喇叭口期(V9)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行喷施硅制剂(8 g L-1 SiO2)处理, 并以同期喷施等量清水为对照, 旨在探讨不同时期叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶片光合性能及籽粒产量的影响, 为滨海盐碱地夏玉米抗逆增产提供理论依据。结果表明, 与对照相比, 不同时期喷施叶面硅制剂, 均能够显著增加盐碱地夏玉米叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性, 降低丙二醛(MDA)含量, 缓解光合器官的损伤和光合色素的降解; V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R6期, 叶面积指数2年平均分别提高6.28%、7.16%、6.66%, 2023年R3期叶绿素含量分别提高6.62%、7.52%、7.47%。喷施硅制剂提高了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)以及胞间CO2浓度(Ci); V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R3期Pn两年平均分别提高11.64%、11.73%、16.39%。光合速率提升促进了干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运, R6期干物质积累量分别提高8.46%、8.88%、9.67%, 穗粒数和千粒重显著提高, 最终籽粒产量在2022年和2023年分别提升了7.24%、10.47%、12.94%和6.23%、7.99%、11.25%; 综上, 本试验条件下, 滨海轻中度盐碱地夏玉米生产过程中以VT期喷施叶面硅制剂的增产效果最佳, 主要是缓解了氧化胁迫、提升了光合性能、促进了干物质积累与转运。
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