作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 2091-2105.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34166
娄洪祥1(), 黄肖玉1, 江萌2, 宁宁1, 卞孟磊1, 张磊1, 罗东旭1, 秦梦倩1, 蒯婕1, 汪波1, 王晶1, 赵杰1, 徐正华1,*(
), 周广生1
LOU Hong-Xiang1(), HUANG Xiao-Yu1, JIANG Meng2, NING Ning1, BIAN Meng-Lei1, ZHANG Lei1, LUO Dong-Xu1, QIN Meng-Qian1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1, WANG Jing1, ZHAO Jie1, XU Zheng-Hua1,*(
), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1
摘要:
为解决长江流域稻油茬口矛盾, 提高冬闲田利用率, 亟须迟播油菜(10月25日之后播种)配套技术研究。本研究以早熟品种‘华油杂137’为材料, 在湖北武汉进行2年播种期(10月25日至11月15日间, 各播种期间隔3 d, 用S1~S8表示)和播种量(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0和12.5 kg hm-2, 用R1~R5表示)单因素试验, 考察生育期、成苗动态、农艺性状、产量和倒伏指标, 统计有效积温, 通过线性回归和平滑曲线拟合分析, 优化播种期和播种量的配置参数, 为迟播油菜生产提供技术支撑。结果表明, (1) 播种期推迟, 迟播油菜的生育期缩短、根颈粗降低、分枝数减少、产量降低且茎秆倒伏指数增加; 4个生育期中, 苗期和花期有效积温与产量呈极显著正相关。(2) 播种量增加, 各生育期成苗数和收获密度提高, 但生育期缩短、有效积温减少, 角果层厚度降低、倒伏指数先降后增、产量呈先增后降趋势。(3) 2年不同播种期产量数据回归分析表明, 播种期推迟至S3~S4时, 越冬前有效积温保持在317.1℃以上, 苗期有效积温达401.1℃, 终花35 d收获产量可达2700.0 kg hm-2, 倒伏指数为1.5左右; 2年不同播种量产量数据平滑曲线拟合分析表明, 不同播种量下收获密度与产量呈抛物线关系, 收获密度为64.2×104株 hm-2时终花35 d收获产量达峰值, 为2948.5 kg hm-2, 而倒伏指数为1.6。综上, 配置7.5~10.0 kg hm-2的播种量确保收获密度达64.2×104株 hm-2, 抢时播种确保冬前有效积温达317.1℃, 可显著提高迟播油菜产量与抗倒性。
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