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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 1776-1786.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.33069

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

土壤调理剂对滨海盐碱地土壤盐分含量及夏玉米产量的影响

韩笑晨1(), 张贵芹1, 王亚辉1, 任昊1, 王洪章1, 刘国利2, 林佃旭3, 王子强4, 张吉旺1, 赵斌1, 任佰朝1, 刘鹏1,*()   

  1. 1黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
    2无棣县农业农村局, 山东无棣 251900
    3小泊头镇农业技术推广中心, 山东无棣 251900
    4滨州市农业科学研究院, 山东滨州 256603
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-23 接受日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-07-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-20
  • 通讯作者: *刘鹏, E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 17861505676@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201700)

Effects of soil conditioners on soil salinity content and maize yield in coastal saline-alkali land

HAN Xiao-Chen1(), ZHANG Gui-Qin1, WANG Ya-Hui1, REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, LIU Guo-Li2, LIN Dian-Xu3, WANG Zi-Qiang4, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, ZHAO Bin1, REN Bao-Zhao1, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Agriculture and rural Bureau of Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
    3Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Xiaobotou Town, Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
    4Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
  • Received:2023-11-23 Accepted:2024-01-30 Published:2024-07-12 Published online:2024-02-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201700)

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摘要：

研究不同类型土壤调理剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米田0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态和籽粒产量的影响, 为滨海盐碱地区夏玉米田适宜土壤调理剂的选用提供理论依据。试验于2022—2023年夏玉米季在山东省滨州市滨海盐碱型农田进行。采用完全随机区组设计, 以不施土壤调理剂为对照(CK), 设置3种不同类型的土壤调理剂, 分别为硅钙钾镁型调理剂(T1)、硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂(T2)和硅钙钾镁聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)型调理剂(T3)。研究不同类型土壤调理剂对0~40 cm土层土壤盐分含量、玉米根系形态、叶面积指数、地上部干物质积累量、氮素积累量及籽粒产量的调控效应。结果表明, 与CK相比, 玉米拔节期(V6) T1、T3处理20~30 cm土层土壤总盐含量和Na+含量分别降低6.88%和23.00%、28.82%和17.44%, 土壤HCO3-含量分别升高10.97%、5.66%; 吐丝期(R1) T2处理10~40 cm土层土壤总盐含量、Na+含量分别平均降低9.07%、14.11%, 土壤HCO3-含量平均升高21.35%。土壤总盐含量降低有利于根系和地上部生长。与CK相比, 吐丝期T1、T2和T3处理0~40 cm土层玉米单株平均根系长度分别提高17.56%、74.83%和33.53%; T2和T3处理单株平均根系表面积分别提高33.35%和27.44%, 单株平均根系干重分别提高14.58%和11.93%。与CK相比, T1、T2和T3处理显著提高了玉米的叶面积指数, 植株地上部干物质积累量以及氮素积累量, 最终提高了夏玉米产量。2022年T1、T2和T3处理籽粒产量分别提高3.81%、8.22%和4.72%; 2023年分别提高8.08%、18.88%和15.95%。综合分析可知, 本试验条件下硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂可有效降低玉米吐丝期土壤盐分含量, 减轻盐分胁迫, 促进玉米根系生长和对氮素的吸收, 增加地上部氮素积累量和干物质积累量, 显著增加籽粒产量, 是滨海盐碱地降低盐碱胁迫促进夏玉米生长的最佳土壤调理剂类型。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 土壤调理剂, 土壤盐分含量, 根系, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

In order to provide the theoretical basis for the selection of suitable soil conditioners for summer maize field in coastal saline-alkali land, we analyzed the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, and 30-40 cm layers of summer maize fields in coastal saline-alkali land, root morphology, and grain yield of maize. In 2022-2023 maize growth seasons, the experiments were conducted in coastal saline-alkali summer field at Binzhou, Shandong province. The experiments were designed with the completely random block experimental design, with no soil conditioner as the control (CK), three different types of soil conditioners treatments: silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium conditioner (T1), silica-calcium-potassium -magnesium zeolite conditioner (T2), and silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium polymer (PAM) conditioner (T3) were set up for studying the effects of different types of soil conditioners on soil salt content of 0-40 cm layer, root morphology, leaf area index, biomass of shoot, nitrogen accumulation amount of shoot and grain yield in maize. The results indicated that, at V6 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na+ content of 20-30 cm soil layer in T1 and T3 treatments decreased by 6.88% and 23.00%, 28.82%, and 17.44%, respectively, but the HCO3- content of 20-30 cm soil layer increased by 10.97% and 5.66%, respectively. At R1 stage, compared with CK, the total salt content and Na+ content of 10-40 cm soil layer in T2 treatment decreased by 9.07% and 14.11%, respectively. The HCO3- content of 10-40 cm soil layer increased by 21.35%. The decrease of soil total salt content was beneficial for the growth of root and shoot. Compared with CK, at R1 stage, the average root length per plant of 0-40 cm soil layer was increased by 17.56%, 74.83%, and 33.53% in T1, T2, and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root surface per plant was increased by 33.35% and 27.44% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. The average root dry weight per plant were increased by 14.58% and 11.93% in T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. Compared with CK, T1, T2, and T3 treatments significantly increased the leaf area index, shoot biomass, and nitrogen accumulation, thus increasing the grain yield of summer maize. Compared with CK, the grain yield of T1, T2, and T3 treatments were increased by 3.81%, 8.22%, and 4.72% in 2022, and by 8.08%, 18.88%, and 15.95% in 2023, respectively. In conclusion, in the conditions of our experiments, silica-calcium-potassium-magnesium zeolite conditioner effectively reduced soil salt content at R1 stage in maize, alleviated salt stress, promoted root and shoot growth, increased shoot nitrogen accumulation and biomass, and thus significantly increasing grain yield in maize, which was the best soil conditioner for improving summer maize growth in saline-alkali coastal land.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, soil conditioners, soil salt content, root, grain yield

表1

播种前土壤盐分离子含量"

土层
Soil depth
(cm)		 土壤主要盐分离子含量 Soil salt ion content (mg kg-1) 土壤总盐含量
Soil total salt content
(g kg-1)
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- HCO3- SO42-
0-10 297.40 9.27 95.33 26.23 140.38 533.75 244.00 1.35
10-20 285.13 5.79 75.33 22.37 148.89 564.25 244.80 1.37
20-30 315.89 3.21 84.00 15.86 116.99 569.33 264.00 1.38
30-40 329.10 8.36 61.33 20.33 104.22 630.33 239.20 1.39

图1

夏玉米生育期日平均气温和降雨量"

图2

土壤调理剂对玉米不同生育时期的0~40 cm土层土壤总盐含量的影响(2022年) 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

图3

土壤调理剂对玉米不同生育时期0~40 cm土层土壤Na+含量的影响(2022年) 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

图4

土壤调理剂对玉米不同生育时期0~40 cm土层土壤HCO3-含量的影响(2022年) 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

图5

土壤调理剂对玉米各生育时期叶面积指数的影响 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

图6

土壤调理剂对玉米各生育时期地上部干物质积累量的影响 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

图7

土壤调理剂对玉米吐丝期0~40 cm土层单株平均根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积和根系干重的影响(2022年) 不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。CK: 不施用调理剂; T1: 硅钙钾镁调理剂; T2: 硅钙钾镁沸石型调理剂; T3: 硅钙钾镁PAM型调理剂。"

表2

土壤调理剂对玉米不同生育时期地上部氮素积累量的影响(2022年)"

处理
Treatment		 氮素积累量Nitrogen accumulation (kg hm-2)
V6 R1 R3 R6
CK 9.38 b 84.67 b 143.78 c 205.52 b
T1 9.83 b 110.41 a 146.17 bc 227.98 a
T2 11.27 a 110.96 a 178.66 a 239.71 a
T3 12.07 a 117.61 a 160.75 b 227.19 a

表3

土壤调理剂对玉米籽粒产量及产量构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 公顷穗数
Actual ears
(×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
2022 CK 5.74 a 582.97 c 332.49 a 11.13 c
T1 5.70 a 599.57 b 337.83 a 11.55 b
T2 5.74 a 628.93 a 333.55 a 12.04 a
T3 5.74 a 602.27 b 337.06 a 11.65 b
2023 CK 6.15 a 524.71 c 293.95 a 9.48 c
T1 6.19 a 553.16 b 299.37 a 10.24 b
T2 6.15 a 599.33 a 305.78 a 11.27 a
T3 6.15 a 569.56 b 313.87 a 10.99 a
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