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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1253-1270.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32034

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江苏省滨海盐碱地籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征

耿孝宇1(), 张翔1, 刘洋1, 左博源1, 朱旺1,2, 马唯一1, 汪璐璐1,2, 孟天瑶1,2, 高平磊1, 陈英龙1, 许轲1, 戴其根1, 韦还和1,*()   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(滨海盐碱地)重点实验室 / 国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心华东中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院 / 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009
    2扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室 / 扬州大学农业科技发展研究院 / 扬州大学, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-13 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-05-12 网络出版日期:2024-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 韦还和, E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2511512002@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0113400);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500402);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2023355);国家自然科学基金项目(32001466);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(23)1020);江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大项目(23KJA210004);中国博士后面上项目(2020M671628);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022304);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金项目(BE2022305);扬州大学‘青蓝工程’和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Grain yield and its characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in coastal saline-alkali lands

GENG Xiao-Yu1(), ZHANG Xiang1, LIU Yang1, ZUO Bo-Yuan1, ZHU Wang1,2, MA Wei-Yi1, WANG Lu-Lu1,2, MENG Tian-Yao1,2, GAO Ping-Lei1, CHEN Ying-Long1, XU Ke1, DAI Qi-Gen1, WEI Huan-He1,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Reclamation and Utilization in Coastal Areas, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / East China Branch of National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-08-13 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-05-12 Published online:2024-01-30
  • Contact: E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0113400);National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1500402);Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2023355);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001466);Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(23)1020);Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJA210004);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671628);Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2022304);Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Carbon Emissions Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(BE2022305);Qinglan Project of Yangzhou University, and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)

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摘要：

旨在探明滨海盐碱地大田条件下籼粳杂交稻产量优势形成特征。2021—2022年, 在江苏省滨海盐碱地择取中度盐碱地(medium saline-alkali soil, MS, 土壤电导率平均2.7 dS m-1)和重度盐碱地(high saline-alkali soil, HS, 土壤电导率平均7.2 dS m-1)两类典型田块, 以籼粳杂交稻(甬优2640和甬优4949)、常规粳稻(南粳9108和淮稻5号)、杂交籼稻(丰优香占和Y两优372) 3种类型水稻品种为试材, 探究实地条件下盐胁迫对不同类型品种产量及其形成特征的影响。与中度盐碱地相比: (1) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种的穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重均显著低于中度盐碱地。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻的产量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 这主要是由于其较高的每穗粒数。(2) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期(拔节、抽穗和成熟期)的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻关键生育期的群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率均高于籼粳杂交稻。(3) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的干物重均显著下降。中度及重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻抽穗期和成熟期干物重、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗—成熟期作物生长速率均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。重度盐碱地下各类型品种的收获指数呈上升趋势。籼粳杂交稻在重度盐碱地下的收获指数高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。(4) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种关键生育期的叶面积指数、播种期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶面积指数和抽穗期—成熟期光合势均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 抽穗期—成熟期叶面积指数衰减率则呈相反趋势。(5) 重度盐碱地下各类型品种株高、上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片SPAD值和光合速率均显著下降。中度和重度盐碱地下, 籼粳杂交稻上三叶叶长和叶宽、叶片SPAD值和光合速率均高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。本研究结果表明, 滨海盐碱地实地条件下, 盐胁迫显著影响水稻产量及其形成特征。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地仍具有较高的产量优势, 这主要得益于其较高的每穗粒数; 此外, 较高的作物生长速率、较大的上三叶叶面积及其较强的叶片持绿性也是籼粳杂交稻在滨海盐碱地具有较好产量优势的重要特征。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 水稻, 籼粳杂交稻, 产量形成

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the formation characteristics of yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrid rice under field conditions of coastal saline-alkali land. From 2021 to 2022, three types of rice cultivars, including japonica/indica hybrid rice (Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 4949), conventional japonica rice (Nanjing 9108 and Huaidao 5), and hybrid indica rice (Fengyouxiangzhan and Y Liangyou 372), were grown in two typical fields of medium saline-alkali soil (MS, the average soil conductivity 2.7 dS m-1) and heavy medium saline-alkali soil (HS, the average soil conductivity 7.2 dS m-1) selected in coastal saline-alkali land of Jiangsu province to investigate the effects of salinity stress on the yield and formation characteristics of different types of cultivars under field conditions. Compared with MS: (1) The number of panicles, the spikelets per panicle, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain weight of three types of rice under HS were significantly lower than MS. The yield of japonica/indica hybrid rice was significantly higher than MS and HS, which was mainly attributed to its more spikelets per panicle. (2) Tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages (jointing, heading, and maturity stages) and the percentage of productive tiller of three types of cultivars decreased significantly HS. The conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice had consistently more tiller number of rice population at the main growth stages and percentage of productive tiller than japonica/indica hybrid rice. (3) Dry matter weight at the main growth stages of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher dry matter weight at heading and maturity stages, and the crop growth rate from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity than MS and HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher harvest index than conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice under HS. (4) Leaf area index at the main growth stages and leaf area duration from sowing to jointing, from jointing to heading, and from heading to maturity of three types of cultivars were significantly reduced under HS. The japonica/indica hybrid rice had higher leaf area index at maturity stage, and leaf area duration from heading to maturity, while the lower reduction rate of leaf area index from heading to maturity, than MS and HS. (5) The plant height, length and width of upper three leaves, leaf SPAD values, and leaf photosynthetic rate of three types of cultivars were decreased significantly under HS. The leaf length and leaf width, leaf SPAD value, and photosynthetic rate of indica-japonica hybrid rice were higher than MS and HS. The results demonstrated that salinity stress significantly affected rice yield and its formation characteristics under saline-alkali lands. Compared with conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice, japonica/indica hybrid rice still had a higher yield advantage under salinity stress, which was mainly due to the more spikelets per panicle. Besides, higher crop growth rate, larger upper three leaf area, and stronger stay-green characteristics after heading were important traits underlying superior yield performance of japonica/indica hybrids under saline-alkali lands.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali lands, rice, japonica/indica hybrid rice, yield formation

表1

重度和中度盐碱田土壤理化性质"

年份
Year		 土壤类型
Soil type		 pH 饱和浸提液
电导率
ECe (dS m-1)		 有机质含量
Organic carbon
content (g kg-1)		 全氮含量
Total nitrogen
content (g kg-1)		 速效磷含量
Available phosphorus
content (mg kg-1)		 速效钾含量
Available potassium
content (mg kg-1)
2021 中度盐碱地MS 7.9 2.3 16.7 1.1 25.3 70.6
重度盐碱地HS 8.3 7.9 10.3 0.4 15.9 88.1
2022 中度盐碱地MS 7.7 2.5 17.1 1.1 24.8 72.4
重度盐碱地HS 8.5 7.5 11.2 0.5 16.3 86.9

图1

不同盐碱地土壤电导率变化趋势"

表2

不同盐碱地下水稻产量及其构成因素"

年份/
土壤类型
Year/soil type		 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 穗数
Number of panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 总颖花量
Total spikelets
(×107 hm-2)		 结实率
Filled-grain percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实产
Actual yield
(t hm-2)
2021
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 219 246 53.9 84.5 22.0 9.8
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 247 227 56.1 83.7 22.5 9.7
平均 Mean 233 bc 237 a 55.0 a 84.1 c 22.3 cd 9.8 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 283 135 38.2 89.1 25.5 8.4
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 289 134 38.7 88.9 25.2 8.7
平均 Mean 286 a 135 bc 38.5 c 89.0 a 25.4 a 8.6 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 237 164 38.9 87.3 23.7 7.5
丰优香占
Fengyouxiangzhan		 260 151 39.3 87.2 24.1 7.8
平均 Mean 249 b 158 b 39.1 c 87.3 b 23.9 b 7.7 c
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 191 221 42.2 81.9 21.4 7.4
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 206 203 41.8 79.8 21.6 7.6
平均 Mean 199 d 212 a 42.0 b 80.9 d 21.5 d 7.5 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 257 103 26.5 83.7 24.8 5.9
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 249 117 29.1 83.2 24.1 6.1
平均 Mean 253 b 110 c 27.8 d 83.5 c 24.5 b 6.0 d
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 214 130 27.8 82.3 23.1 4.6
丰优香占
Fengyouxiangzhan		 210 133 27.9 81.8 22.9 4.9
平均 Mean 212 cd 132 c 27.9 d 82.1 d 23.0 c 4.8 e
2022
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 227 238 54.0 83.7 21.4 9.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 235 225 52.9 83.1 21.9 9.5
平均 Mean 231 cd 232 a 53.5 a 83.4 c 21.7 c 9.3 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 299 123 36.8 87.7 24.9 8.0
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 279 139 38.8 87.9 24.6 8.1
平均 Mean 289 a 131 bc 37.8 c 87.8 a 24.8 a 8.1 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 249 156 38.8 86.1 23.5 7.3
丰优香占
Fengyouxiangzhan		 250 145 36.3 85.7 23.5 7.4
平均 Mean 250 bc 151 b 37.6 c 85.9 b 23.5 b 7.4 c
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 199 213 42.4 79.3 20.4 6.8
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 218 193 42.1 79.0 20.8 7.0
平均 Mean 209 d 203 a 42.3 b 79.2 f 20.6 d 6.9 d
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 271 99 26.8 82.5 24.0 5.3
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 263 111 29.2 82.4 23.5 5.7
平均 Mean 267 ab 105 c 28.0 d 82.5 d 23.8 b 5.5 e
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 204 138 28.2 80.5 21.7 4.4
丰优香占
Fengyouxiangzhan		 218 121 26.4 80.6 22.1 4.5
平均 Mean 211 d 130 bc 27.3 d 80.6 e 21.9 c 4.5 f

表3

不同盐碱地下水稻群体茎蘖数及茎蘖成穗率"

年份/土壤类型
Year/soil type		 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 群体茎蘖数
Tiller number of rice population (×104 hm-2)		 茎蘖成穗率
Percentage of
productive tillers (%)
拔节期
Jointing		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid ricee		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 363 251 233 64.2
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 376 272 257 68.4
平均 Mean 370 b 262 bc 245 c 66.3 b
常规粳稻
Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 402 324 306 76.1
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 372 309 297 79.8
平均 Mean 387 a 317 a 302 a 78.0 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid
indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 360 266 248 68.9
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 395 271 262 66.3
平均 Mean 378 ab 269 b 255 bc 67.6 b
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 363 227 209 57.6
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 388 236 229 59.0
平均 Mean 376 ab 232 d 219 d 58.3 c
常规粳稻
Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 377 294 277 73.5
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 368 278 269 73.1
平均 Mean 373 b 286 b 273 b 73.3 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid
indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 340 236 225 66.2
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 364 246 234 65.2
平均 Mean 352 c 241 cd 230 cd 65.7 b
2022
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 337 222 213 63.2
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 358 229 225 62.8
平均 Mean 348 b 226 c 219 c 63.0 bc
常规粳稻
Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 384 287 275 71.6
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 366 278 270 73.8
平均 Mean 375 a 283 a 273 a 72.7 a
中度盐碱地 MS 杂交籼稻
Hybrid
indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 320 238 245 76.6
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 355 259 241 67.9
平均 Mean 338 bc 249 b 243 bc 72.3 a
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 343 202 182 53.1
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 360 205 196 54.4
平均 Mean 352 b 204 d 189 d 53.8 d
常规粳稻
Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 371 260 251 67.5
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 341 256 243 71.3
平均 Mean 356 ab 258 b 247 b 69.4 ab
杂交籼稻
Hybrid
indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 310 203 191 61.6
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 322 199 192 59.6
平均 Mean 316 c 201 d 192 d 60.6 cd

表4

不同盐碱地下水稻干物重、作物生长速率及收获指数"

年份/
土壤类型
Year/
soil type		 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 群体干物重
Dry matter weight of population
(t hm-2)		 作物生长速率
Crop growth rate
(g m-2 d-1)		 收获
指数
Harvest index
拔节期
Jointing		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity		 拔节期至抽穗期
Jointing-Heading		 抽穗期至成熟期
Heading-Maturity
2021
中度
盐碱地 MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/
indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 4.7 10.7 17.7 22.2 8.1 0.476
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 4.6 10.5 17.5 23.6 7.9 0.477
平均 Mean 4.7 a 10.6 a 17.6 a 22.9 a 8.0 a 0.477 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 5.0 8.9 14.1 15.6 5.8 0.512
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 4.7 9.0 14.4 17.9 5.9 0.520
平均 Mean 4.9 a 9.0 b 14.3 b 16.8 b 5.9 b 0.516 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 5.2 8.3 13.0 10.3 6.1 0.496
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 4.8 8.6 13.7 13.1 6.4 0.490
平均 Mean 5.0 a 8.5 c 13.4 c 11.7 c 6.3 b 0.493 c
重度
盐碱地 HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/
indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 3.0 7.7 11.8 15.7 5.3 0.539
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 3.5 7.9 12.0 15.2 5.1 0.545
平均 Mean 3.3 b 7.8 d 11.9 d 15.5 b 5.2 c 0.542 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.4 6.2 9.5 7.8 4.9 0.534
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.8 6.3 10.1 6.8 5.4 0.519
平均 Mean 3.6 b 6.3 e 9.8 e 7.3 d 5.2 c 0.527 ab
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 3.5 5.0 7.8 5.0 3.7 0.507
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 3.2 5.3 8.0 7.2 3.4 0.529
平均 Mean 3.4 b 5.2 f 7.9 f 6.1 d 3.6 d 0.518 b
2022
中度
盐碱地 MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/ indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 4.5 10.1 16.5 20.7 7.4 0.469
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 4.6 10.7 16.5 24.4 6.5 0.495
平均 Mean 4.6 a 10.4 a 16.5 a 22.6 a 7.0 a 0.482 b
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 4.8 8.3 13.7 14.0 6.1 0.502
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 4.4 8.8 14.2 18.3 5.9 0.491
平均 Mean 4.6 a 8.6 b 14.0 b 16.2 b 6.0 b 0.497 ab
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 5.0 7.7 12.8 9.0 6.6 0.490
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 4.8 7.8 12.5 10.3 5.9 0.509
平均 Mean 4.9 a 7.8 c 12.7 c 9.7 cd 6.3 b 0.500 ab
重度
盐碱地 HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/
indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 3.4 6.9 11.6 11.7 6.0 0.504
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 3.5 6.9 11.6 11.7 5.8 0.519
平均 Mean 3.5 b 6.9 d 11.6 d 11.7 c 5.9 b 0.512 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.2 5.4 8.9 6.1 5.1 0.512
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.4 5.9 9.5 6.8 5.1 0.516
平均 Mean 3.3 b 5.7 e 9.2 e 6.5 de 5.1 c 0.514 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 3.3 4.4 7.6 3.7 4.2 0.498
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 3.2 4.5 7.8 4.5 4.1 0.496
平均 Mean 3.3 b 4.5 f 7.7 f 4.1 e 4.2 d 0.497 ab

表5

不同盐碱地下水稻叶面积指数"

年份/土壤类型
Year/soil type		 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index (m2 m-2)		 抽穗至成熟期叶面积指数衰减率
Reduction of leaf area index from heading to maturity (m2 d-1 m-2)
拔节期
Jointing		 抽穗期
Heading		 成熟期
Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 4.14 7.24 3.21 4.5
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 4.02 7.10 3.10 4.4
平均 Mean 4.08 ab 7.17 a 3.16 a 4.5 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.66 7.06 2.88 5.2
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.75 7.27 2.99 5.3
平均 Mean 3.71 c 7.17 a 2.94 b 5.3 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 4.47 7.34 2.62 6.7
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 4.18 7.25 2.51 5.9
平均 Mean 4.33 a 7.30 a 2.57 d 6.3 a
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 3.31 6.28 2.89 3.9
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 3.26 6.26 2.77 3.9
平均 Mean 3.29 d 6.27 bc 2.83 b 3.9 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.15 6.15 2.62 4.6
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.19 6.12 2.66 4.4
平均 Mean 3.17 d 6.14 c 2.64 d 4.5 c
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 3.93 6.34 2.29 6.0
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 3.61 6.46 2.36 5.4
平均 Mean 3.77 bc 6.40 b 2.33 e 5.7 ab
2022
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 3.86 7.18 3.09 4.6
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 3.80 7.00 3.02 4.4
平均 Mean 3.83 b 7.09 a 3.06 a 4.5 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.52 7.00 2.76 5.3
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.67 7.13 2.95 5.2
平均 Mean 3.60 b 7.07 a 2.86 b 5.3 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 4.21 7.28 2.50 6.8
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 4.08 7.17 2.45 5.9
平均 Mean 4.15 a 7.23 a 2.48 d 6.4 a
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 3.13 6.20 2.80 4.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 3.02 6.20 2.69 3.9
平均 Mean 3.08 c 6.20 bc 2.75 b 4.0 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 3.03 6.01 2.56 4.5
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.15 6.04 2.64 4.4
平均 Mean 3.09 c 6.03 c 2.60 c 4.5 c
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 3.71 6.20 2.19 5.9
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 3.49 6.34 2.24 5.4
平均 Mean 3.60 b 6.27 bc 2.22 e 5.7 b

表6

不同盐碱地下水稻光合势"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 光合势 Leaf area duration (m2 d m-2)
播种期至拔节期 Sowing-Jointing 拔节期至抽穗期 Jointing-Heading 抽穗期至成熟期 Heading-Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 74.5 142.3 465.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 70.4 133.4 464.1
平均 Mean 72.4 cd 137.9 bc 464.6 a
常规粳稻Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 82.4 155.4 397.6
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 82.5 159.8 415.5
平均 Mean 82.5 b 157.6 abc 406.6 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 98.3 218.5 348.6
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 87.8 165.7 390.4
平均 Mean 93.1 a 192.1 a 369.5 cd
重度盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 59.6 129.5 394.3
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 57.1 119.0 401.8
平均 Mean 58.4 e 124.3 c 398.1 bc
常规粳稻Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 70.9 139.5 337.6
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 70.2 139.7 342.4
平均 Mean 70.6 d 139.6 bc 340.0 de
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 86.5 184.9 293.4
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 75.8 151.1 335.2
平均 Mean 81.2 bc 168.0 ab 314.3 e
2022
中度盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 69.5 138.0 457.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 66.5 129.6 455.9
平均 Mean 68.0 c 133.8 bc 456.5 a
常规粳稻Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 79.2 152.5 390.4
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 80.7 156.6 408.2
平均 Mean 80.0 b 154.6 abc 399.3 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 92.6 212.6 342.3
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 85.7 163.1 384.8
平均 Mean 89.2 a 187.9 a 363.6 cd
重度盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 56.3 126.0 387.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 52.9 115.3 395.6
平均 Mean 54.6 d 120.7 c 391.3 bc
常规粳稻Conventional
japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 68.2 135.6 329.9
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 69.3 137.9 338.5
平均 Mean 68.7 c 136.8 bc 334.2 de
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 81.6 178.4 285.3
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 73.3 147.5 326.0
平均 Mean 77.5 b 163.0 ab 305.7 e

表7

不同盐碱地下水稻株高及上三叶形态"

年份/
土壤类型
Year/
soil type		 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 株高 Plant height 叶长 Leaf length (cm) 叶宽 Leaf width (cm)
倒一叶 Flag
leaf		 倒二叶 Top second leaf 倒三叶 Top third leaf 倒一叶 Flag
leaf		 倒二叶
Top second
leaf		 倒三叶 Top third leaf
2021
中度
盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 108.3 38.7 43.6 45.6 2.1 1.7 1.8
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 125.4 40.6 54.8 57.0 2.0 1.6 1.3
平均 Mean 116.9 a 39.7 a 49.2 a 51.3 a 2.1 a 1.7 a 1.6 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 89.7 32.0 36.8 35.3 1.4 1.1 0.9
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 103.4 32.7 38.7 34.5 1.4 1.0 1.1
平均 Mean 95.6 b 32.4 b 37.8 bc 34.9 c 1.4 bc 1.1 b 1.0 bc
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 114.2 34.5 44.0 34.2 1.6 1.2 1.1
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 124.0 38.0 41.9 45.6 1.6 1.1 1.3
平均 Mean 119.1 a 36.3 a 43.0 b 39.9 bc 1.6 b 1.2 b 1.2 bc
重度
盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 85.5 33.7 43.3 44.4 2.1 1.8 1.5
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 110.8 39.9 53.6 56.1 2.1 1.6 1.4
平均 Mean 98.2 b 36.8 a 48.5 a 50.3 a 2.1 a 1.7 a 1.5 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 85.3 26.4 32.6 32.8 1.0 0.9 0.8
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 89.6 22.9 31.5 31.2 1.3 1.1 0.8
平均 Mean 87.5 c 24.7 bc 32.1 c 32.0 c 1.2 c 1.0 b 0.8 c
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 101.6 18.4 27.4 29.8 1.1 1.2 1.1
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 116.5 27.2 36.1 42.3 1.4 1.2 1.1
平均 Mean 109.1 ab 22.8 c 31.8 c 36.1 bc 1.3 c 1.2 b 1.1 bc
2022
中度
盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 113.3 40.3 44.4 44.8 2.1 1.9 1.6
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 114.6 39.4 53.0 56.2 1.9 1.6 1.3
平均 Mean 114.0 a 39.9 a 48.7 a 50.5 a 2.0 a 1.8 a 1.5 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 82.1 30.2 35.2 34.1 1.6 1.1 0.9
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 97.0 29.3 36.1 31.7 1.2 1.2 1.0
平均 Mean 89.6 b 29.8 bc 36.7 b 32.9 c 1.4 c 1.2 c 1.0 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 116.8 34.9 47.2 36.2 1.6 1.4 1.1
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 128.8 39.2 45.7 41.4 1.8 1.3 0.9
平均 Mean 122.8 a 37.1 b 46.5 b 38.8 bc 1.7 b 1.4 bc 1.0 b
重度
盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 88.1 36.1 43.5 43.2 2.1 1.6 1.5
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 103.2 38.5 51.8 55.1 2.0 1.6 1.4
平均 Mean 95.7 b 37.3 b 47.7 a 49.2 ab 2.1 a 1.6 ab 1.5 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 82.9 25.0 31.8 30.8 1.2 0.9 0.8
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 87.7 21.5 30.1 30.0 1.1 1.1 0.9
平均 Mean 85.3 b 23.3 c 31.0 b 30.4 c 1.2 c 1.0 c 0.9 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372
Y Liangyou 372		 104.4 21.0 29.2 27.6 0.9 1.0 0.9
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 124.7 28.6 37.1 39.5 1.6 1.2 1.1
平均 Mean 114.6 a 24.8 c 33.2 b 33.6 c 1.3 c 1.1 c 1.0 b

表8

不同盐碱地下水稻叶片SPAD值"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type 品种类型 Cultivar type 品种
Cultivar		 叶片SPAD值Leaf SPAD value
抽穗期 Heading 抽穗后15 d 15 days after heading 抽穗后30 d 30 days after heading 抽穗后45 d 45 days after heading 成熟期
Maturity
2021
中度盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 47.7 49.0 44.6 32.0 12.5
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 48.6 46.7 44.3 32.4 13.1
平均 Mean 48.2 a 47.9 a 44.5 a 32.2 a 12.8 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 48.9 46.9 45.6 35.4 12.8
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 47.3 48.0 42.7 34.2 12.4
平均 Mean 48.1 a 47.5 a 44.2 a 34.8 a 12.6 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 40.6 40.2 26.1 16.5 7.8
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 36.5 37.4 25.6 17.0 6.8
平均 Mean 38.6 b 38.8 ab 25.9 bc 16.8 c 7.3 c
重度盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 48.3 48.7 35.9 24.5 10.2
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 47.6 44.5 40.5 25.7 11.2
平均 Mean 48.0 a 46.6 a 38.2 a 25.1 b 10.7 b
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 45.3 45.3 33.6 27.0 8.9
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 46.3 44.8 28.5 24.4 7.1
平均 Mean 45.8 a 45.1 a 31.1 b 25.7 b 8.0 c
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 37.5 27.8 25.2 15.4 7.5
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 38.4 37.2 20.7 10.3 5.9
平均 Mean 38.0 b 32.5 b 23.0 c 12.9 c 6.7 d
2022
中度盐碱地
MS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 50.3 52.2 47.4 30.6 10.7
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 44.8 41.9 40.5 27.8 12.1
平均 Mean 47.6 a 47.1 a 44.0 a 29.2 b 11.4 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 44.9 44.1 45.2 32.2 11.5
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 48.7 47.4 39.7 32.6 11.7
平均 Mean 46.8 a 45.8 a 42.5 a 32.4 a 11.6 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 39.6 38.0 24.9 19.1 7.2
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 38.1 37.8 23.4 16.6 7.7
平均 Mean 38.9 b 37.9 ab 24.2 c 17.9 d 7.5 bc
重度盐碱地
HS		 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 49.1 47.1 33.1 23.3 9.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 45.4 43.5 38.9 22.7 10.7
平均 Mean 47.3 a 45.3 a 36.0 ab 23.0 c 9.9 b
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 47.3 42.1 30.4 24.8 8.6
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 43.3 42.2 26.3 24.0 8.9
平均 Mean 45.3 a 42.2 ab 28.4 bc 24.4 c 8.8 b
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 40.1 22.6 21.6 15.2 7.1
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 36.0 34.2 21.8 13.5 6.7
平均 Mean 38.1 b 28.4 b 21.7 c 14.4 e 6.9 c

表9

不同盐碱地下水稻叶片光合速率"

年份/土壤类型 Year/soil type 品种类型
Cultivar type		 品种
Cultivar		 叶片光合速率
Leaf photosynthetic rate (µmol m-2 s-1)
抽穗后20 d
20 days after heading		 抽穗后40 d
40 days after heading
2021
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 22.1 15.7
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 21.9 14.1
平均 Mean 22.0 a 14.9 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 21.6 13.8
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 21.4 13.5
平均 Mean 21.5 a 13.7 ab
中度盐碱地 MS 杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 20.7 12.7
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 20.3 13.1
平均 Mean 20.5 b 12.9 b
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 17.1 11.2
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 16.7 10.3
平均 Mean 16.9 c 10.8 c
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 15.2 9.5
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 16.0 9.3
平均 Mean 15.6 d 9.4 d
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 15.1 9.6
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 14.4 9.2
平均 Mean 14.8 d 9.4 d
2022
中度盐碱地 MS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 23.1 15.1
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 21.5 13.3
平均 Mean 22.3 a 14.2 a
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 21.0 13.2
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 22.4 13.1
平均 Mean 21.7 a 13.2 a
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 21.5 13.7
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 20.9 12.5
平均 Mean 21.2 a 13.1 a
重度盐碱地 HS 籼粳杂交稻
Japonica/indica hybrid rice		 甬优2640 Yongyou 2640 16.3 12.0
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 17.7 10.5
平均 Mean 17.0 b 11.3 b
常规粳稻
Conventional japonica rice		 淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 16.0 10.1
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 15.8 9.9
平均 Mean 15.9 b 10.0 bc
杂交籼稻
Hybrid indica rice		 Y两优372 Y Liangyou 372 14.1 9.2
丰优香占Fengyouxiangzhan 15.6 8.8
平均 Mean 14.9 b 9.0 c
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