有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43002

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2323-2334.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43002

有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响

张贵芹¹(), 王洪章¹, 郭新送², 朱福军², 高涵², 张吉旺¹, 赵斌¹, 任佰朝¹, 刘鹏¹, 任昊¹^,^*()

¹黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
²山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司, 山东肥城 271600

收稿日期:2024-01-09 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2024-09-12 网络出版日期:2024-06-07
通讯作者: *任昊, E-mail: renhaosadu@126.com<
作者简介:E-mail: zhangguiqinsy@163.com
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05);山东省自然科学基金资助项目青年项目(ZR2022QC135)

Effects of organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties and summer maize yield formation in coastal saline-alkali land

ZHANG Gui-Qin¹(), WANG Hong-Zhang¹, GUO Xin-Song², ZHU Fu-Jun², GAO Han², ZHANG Ji-Wang¹, ZHAO Bin¹, REN Bai-Zhao¹, LIU Peng¹, REN Hao¹^,^*()

¹Huang-huai-hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
²Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd, Feicheng 271600, Shandong, China

Received:2024-01-09 Accepted:2024-05-21 Published:2024-09-12 Published online:2024-06-07
Contact: *E-mail: renhaosadu@126.com
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05);Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022QC135)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究不同有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质及玉米生长发育的调控作用, 为滨海盐碱地夏玉米生产提供理论依据。试验于2021—2022年夏玉米生长季在山东省滨州市无棣县滨海盐碱型农田进行。有机物料类型及用量分别为腐植酸(3000 kg hm^-2, HA)、生物炭(15,000 kg hm^-2, BC)、生物有机肥(15,000 kg hm^-2, BO), 以不添加有机物料为对照(CK), 探究0~40 cm土层土壤容重、总孔隙度、田间持水量、pH值、电导率及总有机碳含量的变化, 分析不同有机物料投入对玉米地上部干物质积累和产量形成的影响。结果表明, 腐植酸、生物炭和生物有机肥的施用均可在一定程度上改善盐碱土理化性质。3种有机物料连续处理能有效降低表层土壤容重, 增加土壤总孔隙度和田间持水量; 可显著降低0~10 cm土层pH, 分别平均降低0.17、0.08和0.20。连续施用2年后, 腐植酸显著降低0~40 cm土层电导率, 平均降低32.74%; 3种有机物料显著增加0~20 cm土层中总有机碳的含量, 其中生物炭处理能显著增加57.99%。腐植酸和生物有机肥处理显著增加夏玉米地上部干物质积累量和产量; 连续使用2年后腐植酸处理产量显著增加了11.01%, 表现较好。综上所述, 本试验条件下腐植酸施用后能改善土壤物理结构、降低0~10 cm土层pH、提高土壤中有机碳含量、显著降低土壤电导率, 促进夏玉米地上部干物质积累、提高籽粒产量, 且连续施用2年后较CK增加纯收益。故而腐植酸可作为改良滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状、促进夏玉米生长发育的有机物料。生物有机肥的施用可改善土壤理化性状, 但仍需进行定位试验以验证其长期经济效应。

关键词: 滨海盐碱地, 有机物料, 土壤理化性状, 产量

Abstract:

This study investigates the regulatory effects of different organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties, as well as maize growth and development, in coastal saline-alkali land. The objective is to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize production in such environments. The experiment was conducted during the summer maize growing seasons of 2021-2022 in coastal saline-alkali farmland located in Wudi county, Binzhou city, Shandong province. The organic materials used included humic acid (3000 kg hm^-2, HA), biochar (15,000 kg hm^-2, BC), and bio-organic fertilizer (15,000 kg hm^-2, BO), while the control (CK) had no organic materials added. The study examined changes in soil bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, pH value, electrical conductivity, and total organic carbon content in the 0-40 cm soil layer. Additionally, the effects of different organic material inputs on aboveground dry matter accumulation and maize yield formation were assessed. The results demonstrated that the application of humic acid, biochar, and bio-organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil. All three organic material treatments significantly reduced the bulk density of the surface soil, increased total porosity and field capacity, and reduced the pH value of the 0-10 cm soil layer by 0.17, 0.08, and 0.20, respectively. After two years of continuous application, humic acid significantly decreased soil electrical conductivity in the 0-40 cm soil layer by an average of 32.74%. Furthermore, all three organic materials significantly increased the total organic carbon content in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with the biochar treatment exhibiting a significant increase of 57.99%. Both humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased aboveground biomass and yield of summer maize. After two consecutive years of application, the humic acid treatment showed a significant yield increase of 11.01%, indicating superior performance. In conclusion, comprehensive analysis showed that the application of humic acid can improve soil physical structure, reduce the pH of the 0-10 cm soil layer, increase organic carbon content, decrease soil electrical conductivity, promote aboveground biomass accumulation in summer maize, and enhance grain yield under the conditions of this study. Moreover, humic acid application demonstrated increased net yield compared to the control after two consecutive years. Therefore, humic acid can be employed as an organic material to improve soil physical and chemical properties in coastal saline-alkali land, while promoting the growth and development of summer maize. Although bio-organic fertilizer also enhances soil physical and chemical properties, further localized experiments are necessary to verify its long-term economic effects.

Key words: coastal saline-alkali land, organic material, soil physical and chemical properties, yield

张贵芹, 王洪章, 郭新送, 朱福军, 高涵, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 刘鹏, 任昊. 有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2323-2334.

ZHANG Gui-Qin, WANG Hong-Zhang, GUO Xin-Song, ZHU Fu-Jun, GAO Han, ZHANG Ji-Wang, ZHAO Bin, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng, REN Hao. Effects of organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties and summer maize yield formation in coastal saline-alkali land[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2323-2334.

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	2021			2022
土层 Soil layer (cm)	处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)	容重 Bulk density (g cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity (%)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)
0-10	CK	1.43±0.01 a	40.25±1.07 b	25.78±0.54 a	1.17±0.01 a	48.75±0.01 b	36.08±0.36 b
	HA	1.41±0.01 a	42.70±0.64 a	26.78±0.57 a	1.11±0.03 bc	49.77±0.12 a	38.49±1.02 a
	BC	1.41±0.01 a	42.57±0.33 a	25.40±1.35 a	1.08±0.01 c	49.85±0.51 a	38.09±0.37 a
	BO	1.42±0.01 a	42.62±0.32 a	27.12±0.40 a	1.14±0.01 ab	49.38±0.56 ab	37.71±0.69 a
10-20	CK	1.57±0.01 a	33.84±0.78 b	20.22±0.63 b	1.56±0.01 a	39.39±0.40 c	24.49±0.49 c
	HA	1.50±0.01 b	37.19±0.26 a	25.09±0.19 a	1.33±0.02 c	42.07±0.62 b	30.69±2.80 b
	BC	1.49±0.02 b	39.44±0.06 a	25.39±0.37 a	1.28±0.01 d	45.30±0.19 a	34.55±0.02 a
	BO	1.45±0.01 c	38.32±0.31 a	24.81±0.51 a	1.44±0.02 b	41.55±0.92 b	27.81±0.80 b
20-30	CK	1.56±0.01 a	29.27±1.65 bc	16.95±0.40 c	1.48±0.03 a	40.30±0.34 a	26.02±0.06 b
	HA	1.52±0.01 b	27.77±0.64 c	17.91±0.36 bc	1.50±0.01 a	40.49±0.29 a	25.94±0.42 b
	BC	1.55±0.01 a	31.71±1.10 b	20.04±0.61 b	1.35±0.06 b	42.26±0.88 a	30.03±1.88 a
	BO	1.47±0.01 c	36.43±2.05 a	24.29±1.66 a	1.45±0.01 a	42.11±0.18 a	27.97±0.31 ab
30-40	CK	1.44±0.01 c	33.01±0.46 b	23.66±1.43 a	1.39±0.02 a	43.96±0.63 a	30.26±0.73 ab
	HA	1.56±0.01 a	26.27±0.70 c	16.51±0.45 c	1.38±0.01 a	41.89±0.24 b	29.31±0.16 b
	BC	1.47±0.01 b	36.18±1.41 a	20.93±0.79 b	1.37±0.01 a	42.76±0.25 b	31.61±0.21 a
	BO	1.47±0.01 b	34.48±0.21 ab	21.92±1.17 ab	1.32±0.05 a	42.61±0.01 b	29.00±0.74 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Actual ears (ear hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2021	CK	60,558.58±1170.72 a	511.18±3.43 a	255.36±0.97 b	7903.65±193.57 c
	HA	62,225.33±1644.46 a	495.91±5.71 ab	257.05±2.00 b	8217.70±96.26 b
	BC	61,114.17±1575.40 a	487.89±10.27 b	256.05±3.43 b	7732.01±215.66 c
	BO	62,780.92±962.30 a	504.83±7.37 ab	286.31±4.49 a	9015.42±73.83 a
2022	CK	56,113.92±962.30 a	556.98±2.67 b	321.67±5.84 bc	10,051.57±109.61 c
	HA	57,225.08±962.30 a	582.98±4.09 a	334.52±5.57 a	11,157.90±111.07 a
	BC	56,669.50±0.00 a	577.87±10.81 ab	315.26±4.83 c	10,324.06±251.87 bc
	BO	57,225.08±962.30 a	582.98±17.89 a	331.18±3.65 ab	11,050.37±473.17 ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	生产成本 Production cost (Yuan hm^-2)					产值 Output value (Yuan hm^-2)	纯收益 Net income (Yuan hm^-2)	较CK增加纯收益 Increase net income compared with CK (Yuan hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	种子 Seed	农药 Pesticide	肥料 Fertilizer	机械 Machine	合计 Summation	产值 Output value (Yuan hm^-2)	纯收益 Net income (Yuan hm^-2)	较CK增加纯收益 Increase net income compared with CK (Yuan hm^-2)
2021	CK	750	320	2250	1500	4820	21,735.03	16,915.03
	HA	750	320	3750	1500	6320	22,598.67	16,278.67	-636.36
	BC	750	320	74,250	1500	76,820	21,263.03	-55,557.97	-72,472.00
	BO	750	320	12,750	1500	15,320	24,792.45	9472.41	-7442.62
2022	CK	750	400	2250	1300	4700	25,813.87	21,113.87
	HA	750	400	3750	1300	6200	29,109.97	22,909.97	1796.10
	BC	750	400	74,250	1300	76,700	26,864.55	-49,835.45	-70,949.32
	BO	750	400	12,750	1300	15,200	27,482.41	12,282.41	-8831.46

有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状和夏玉米产量形成的影响

Effects of organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties and summer maize yield formation in coastal saline-alkali land

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