作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2396-2407.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.31071
ZHANG Zhen(), HE Jian-Ning, SHI Yu*(
), YU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li
摘要:
为研究不同行距对宽幅精播小麦产量和干物质积累与转运的影响, 阐明其高产高效的生理机制, 给宽幅精播技术在黄淮海平原的进一步推广提供理论依据和技术支撑, 于2017—2019小麦生长季, 以‘济麦22’为试验材料, 在20 cm (R1)、25 cm (R2)和30 cm (R3) 3个行距下, 设置宽幅精播(K)和常规条播(T)两种种植方式, 分析不同行距下宽幅精播种植与常规条播种植对小麦旗叶光合特性、干物质积累与分配和旗叶13C同化物分配特性差异。结果表明: 在相同种植方式下, R2处理下小麦的旗叶净光合速率, 开花期和成熟期干物质积累量, 花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量和贡献率, 籽粒产量均显著高于行距R1和R3处理; 在R2行距下, K处理灌浆期叶面积指数、光合有效辐射截获率和开花后14、21和28 d旗叶净光合速率和蒸腾速率显著高于T处理, 两年度K处理通过增加穗数和粒重使得籽粒产量较T处理提高8.67%; 13C示踪结果显示, R2K处理旗叶13C同化物在籽粒的分配量和分配比例显著高于其他处理; R2K处理开花期和成熟期干物质积累量和单茎质量、开花后干物质向籽粒的分配量和对籽粒的贡献率最高, 均显著高于其他处理, 获得了最高的籽粒产量。综上所述, 行距25 cm、宽幅精播种植方式是本试验条件下小麦高产高效的最佳种植模式。
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