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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2383-2395.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.43001

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶片光合性能及籽粒产量的影响

孙照华1(), 任昊1, 王洪章1, 王子强2, 姚海燕3, 辛爱美4, 赵斌1, 张吉旺1, 任佰朝1, 刘鹏1,*()   

  1. 1黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心 / 山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018
    2滨州市农业科学研究院, 山东滨州 256603
    3无棣县农业农村局, 山东无棣 251900
    4肥城市农村经济管理服务中心, 山东肥城 271600
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-04 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2024-09-12 网络出版日期:2024-06-05
  • 通讯作者: *刘鹏, E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: sunzh0228@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05)

Effects of foliar silicon sprays on leaf photosynthetic performance and grain yield of summer maize in coastal saline-alkali soil

SUN Zhao-Hua1(), REN Hao1, WANG Hong-Zhang1, WANG Zi-Qiang2, YAO Hai-Yan3, XIN Ai-Mei4, ZHAO Bin1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, REN Bai-Zhao1, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center / College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
    3Agriculture and rural Bureau of Wudi County, Wudi 251900, Shandong, China
    4Rural Economic Management Service Center of Feicheng, Feicheng 271600, Shandong, China
  • Received:2024-01-04 Accepted:2024-05-21 Published:2024-09-12 Published online:2024-06-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project in Shandong Province(2021CXGC010804-05)

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摘要：

硅是作物生长的有益元素, 有助于缓解作物遭受的盐胁迫。本试验以大田试验种植的登海605为试验材料, 分别于小喇叭口期(V9)、大喇叭口期(V12)和抽雄期(VT)进行喷施硅制剂(8 g L-1 SiO2)处理, 并以同期喷施等量清水为对照, 旨在探讨不同时期叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶片光合性能及籽粒产量的影响, 为滨海盐碱地夏玉米抗逆增产提供理论依据。结果表明, 与对照相比, 不同时期喷施叶面硅制剂, 均能够显著增加盐碱地夏玉米叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性, 降低丙二醛(MDA)含量, 缓解光合器官的损伤和光合色素的降解; V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R6期, 叶面积指数2年平均分别提高6.28%、7.16%、6.66%, 2023年R3期叶绿素含量分别提高6.62%、7.52%、7.47%。喷施硅制剂提高了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)以及胞间CO2浓度(Ci); V9、V12、VT期叶面喷施硅制剂处理R3期Pn两年平均分别提高11.64%、11.73%、16.39%。光合速率提升促进了干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运, R6期干物质积累量分别提高8.46%、8.88%、9.67%, 穗粒数和千粒重显著提高, 最终籽粒产量在2022年和2023年分别提升了7.24%、10.47%、12.94%和6.23%、7.99%、11.25%; 综上, 本试验条件下, 滨海轻中度盐碱地夏玉米生产过程中以VT期喷施叶面硅制剂的增产效果最佳, 主要是缓解了氧化胁迫、提升了光合性能、促进了干物质积累与转运。

关键词: 夏玉米, 滨海盐碱地, 硅, 光合性能, 产量

Abstract:

Silicon is a beneficial element for crop growth and can effectively alleviate salt stress in crops. This study aims to explore the alleviating effect of foliar spraying of silicon on salt stress in coastal saline-alkali summer maize in China, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing stress resistance and increasing yield in coastal saline-alkali summer maize. Denghai 605, planted in the field test, was selected as the test material. A silicon preparation (8 g L-1 SiO2) was sprayed at the V9, V12, and VT stages, while the control group was sprayed with the same amount of water. The effects of foliar spraying with silicon preparation at different stages on leaf photosynthetic performance and grain yield of summer maize in coastal saline-alkali soil were investigated. The results demonstrated that foliar spraying of silicon preparations at different stages significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in saline-alkali summer maize leaves compared to the control group. It also reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), alleviating the damage to photosynthetic organs and the degradation of photosynthetic pigments. The leaf area index at the R6 stage increased by 6.28%, 7.16%, and 6.66% in the V9, V12, and VT stages, respectively, while the chlorophyll content at the R3 stage increased by 6.62%, 7.52%, and 7.47% in 2023. Silicon spraying increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of leaves. Foliar spraying of silicon preparation at the V9, V12, and VT stages increased the Pn of the R3 stage by 11.64%, 11.73%, and 16.39%, respectively. The biomass at the R6 stage increased by 8.46%, 8.88%, and 9.67%, respectively, and there was a significant increase in the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Ultimately, the grain yield increased by 7.24%, 10.47%, 12.94%, 6.23%, 7.99%, and 11.25% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, foliar spraying of silicon preparations at the VT stage had the most significant effect on increasing yield in summer maize production in coastal light to moderate saline-alkali soil. This effect was mainly attributed to the alleviation of oxidative stress, improvement of photosynthetic performance, and promotion of biomass accumulation and transportation.

Key words: summer maize, coastal saline-alkali soil, silicon, photosynthetic performance, yield

表1

不同浓度硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶面积指数、SPAD值和净光合速率的影响"

处理
Treatment		 叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 SPAD值
SPAD value		 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate (Pn)
CK 0.98 e 42.17 b 25.77 c
S0.5 1.00 e 42.33 b 25.93 c
S1 1.07 d 43.60 ab 26.60 bc
S2 1.09 cd 44.13 ab 26.63 bc
S4 1.14 bc 45.13 a 28.17 ab
S8 1.21 a 45.07 a 28.93 a
S12 1.19 ab 44.10 ab 28.27 ab
S16 1.12 cd 42.87 b 25.43 c

图1

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶面积指数的影响 V9-W: 小喇叭口期喷施清水; V9-Si: 小喇叭口期喷施硅制剂; V12-W: 大喇叭口期喷施清水; V12-Si: 大喇叭口期喷施硅制剂; VT-W: 抽雄期喷施清水; VT-Si: 抽雄期喷施硅制剂。V9+7 d、V12+7 d、VT+7 d、R3和R6分别代表小喇叭口期处理后7 d、大喇叭口期处理后7 d、抽雄期处理后7 d、乳熟期和成熟期。S: 硅制剂; P: 喷施时期。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; NS: 无显著差异。"

图2

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米叶绿素含量的影响 处理同图1。V9+7 d、V12+7 d、VT+7 d和R3分别代表小喇叭口期处理后7 d、大喇叭口期处理后7 d、抽雄期处理后7 d和乳熟期。S: 硅制剂; P: 喷施时期。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; NS: 无显著差异。"

图3

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米气体交换参数的影响 处理同图1。VT+7 d和R3分别代表抽雄期处理后7 d和乳熟期。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图4

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA含量的影响 处理同图1。VT+7 d和R3分别代表抽雄期处理后7 d和乳熟期。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。"

图5

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米单株干物质积累量的影响 处理同图1。V9+7 d、V12+7 d、VT+7 d、R3和R6分别代表小喇叭口期处理后7 d、大喇叭口期处理后7 d、抽雄期处理后7 d、乳熟期和成熟期。S: 硅制剂; P: 喷施时期。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; NS: 无显著差异。"

表2

叶面喷施硅制剂对滨海盐碱地夏玉米产量及产量构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单位面积穗数
Ears (×104 ear hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per ear		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (t hm-2)
2022 V9-W 6.22 a 543.69 c 337.89 c 9.72 c
V9-Si 6.11 a 570.05 b 353.26 ab 10.46 b
V12-W 6.22 a 537.58 c 339.83 c 9.66 c
V12-Si 6.22 a 575.64 ab 353.93 a 10.77 ab
VT-W 6.33 a 544.23 c 337.39 c 9.88 c
VT-Si 6.33 a 583.42 a 350.81 b 11.02 a
2023 V9-W 6.56 a 508.06 c 311.29 b 8.81 c
V9-Si 6.52 a 528.47 b 318.95 a 9.34 b
V12-W 6.59 a 506.77 c 310.20 b 8.81 c
V12-Si 6.56 a 534.23 b 318.91 a 9.49 ab
VT-W 6.52 a 506.04 c 312.11 b 8.75 c
VT-Si 6.59 a 543.37 a 321.17 a 9.78 a
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** **
硅制剂Silicon (S) NS ** ** **
喷施时期Spraying stage (P) NS ** NS *
Y×S NS ** ** NS
Y×P NS NS NS NS
S×P NS ** NS *
Y×S×P NS NS ** NS

图6

叶面喷施硅制剂后产量与各指标间的相关性 Yield: 产量; Ear: 单位面积穗数; GPE: 穗粒数; GW: 千粒重; DMA: 干物质积累量; Chl: 叶绿素含量。Pn: 净光合速率; Tr: 蒸腾速率; Gs: 气孔导度; Ci: 胞间CO2浓度; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; POD: 过氧化物酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶; MDA: 丙二醛。*: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01。"

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