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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (10): 2575-2585.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44011

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

生长前期光照强度对甘薯叶片光合生理和结薯的影响

蒋杨影1,2(), 唐铭均1, 张林茜1, 吕长文1, 唐道彬1, 王季春1,*()   

  1. 1西南大学农学与生物科技学院 / 薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400702
    2重庆市农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 重庆 401329
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2024-10-12 网络出版日期:2024-06-18
  • 通讯作者: *王季春, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 917773131@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0100)

Effect of light intensity on leaf photosynthetic physiology and root system of sweet potato in the early stage of growth

JIANG Yang-Ying1,2(), TANG Ming-Jun1, ZHANG Lin-Xi1, LYU Chang-Wen1, TANG Dao-Bin1, WANG Ji-Chun1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Chongqing 400702, China
    2Vegetable and Flower Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
  • Received:2024-01-15 Accepted:2024-05-21 Published:2024-10-12 Published online:2024-06-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Chongqing Technical Innovation and Application Development Special Project(cstc2019jscx-gksbX0100)

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摘要：

探明甘薯生长前期不同光照强度对叶片光合生理和结薯性的影响, 为甘薯合理套作高位作物提供高产理论依据和实践对策。于2021年, 以不同干率和叶型的甘薯品种S1 (潮薯1号)、S2 (广薯87)和S3 (渝苏162)为主区, 以L200 [(200 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1]、L500 [(500 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1]和L800 [(800 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1]不同光照强度为副区, 开展双因素裂区试验, 研究了叶片的光合特性、组织结构和植株结薯情况。结果表明, 随着光照强度的减弱, 甘薯叶片上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片厚度、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、RUBP羧化酶活性、单株结薯数、单株薯重、块根干物质重逐渐降低, 以高光照强度L800处理最优; 而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/b、块根干率, 以低光照强度L200处理最优。通过因子分析综合评价, 高干率S3品种在弱光环境下表现最好, 低干率S1品种表现最差。甘薯叶片主要通过增加光合色素的含量与增加叶面积指数来提高对光能的捕获, 协同叶片组织结构、光合生理及RUBP羧化酶活性的可塑性变化来适应弱光环境。

关键词: 甘薯, 光照强度, 叶片组织结构, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

This study investigated the impact of different light intensities on leaf photosynthetic physiology and tuberization during the early growth stage of sweet potatoes. The findings contribute to theoretical and practical strategies for achieving high yields through relay intercropping of high-position crops with sweet potatoes. To explore the photosynthetic characteristics, tissue structure, and tuberization of sweet potato leaves, a two-factor split plot experiment was conducted in 2021. The main plot consisted of three sweet potato cultivars with varying root drying rates and leaf types: S1 (Chaoshu 1), S2 (Guangshu 87), S3 (Yusu 162). The subplot included three light intensities: L200 [(200 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1], L500 [(500 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1], L800 [(800 ± 50) μmol m-2 s-1]. The results revealed that decreasing light intensity led to reductions in upper epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, leaf thickness, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), RUBP carboxylase activity, number of storage roots per plant, storage root weight per plant, and dry matter weight of storage roots. Among these parameters, the treatment with high light intensity (L800) exhibited the best performance. However, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and storage root drying rate were optimal under low light intensity (L200). Comprehensive evaluation through factor analysis revealed that the S3 variety with high root drying rate performed best under low light intensity, while the S1 variety with low root drying rate performed the worst. Sweet potato leaves primarily enhance light energy capture by increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments and leaf area index. They adapt to low light environments through plasticity in leaf anatomical structure, photosynthetic physiology, and RUBP carboxylase activity.

Key words: sweet potato, light intensity, leaf tissue structure, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

表1

品种来源及特性"

品种
Cultivar		 来源
Source		 叶形
Leaf shape		 干率
Dry matter content (%)
潮薯1号
Chaoshu 1		 广东省农业科学院作物研究所
Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 浅复缺刻
Lobed leaf margin		 15
广薯87
Guangshu 87		 广东省农业科学院作物研究所
Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 深复缺刻
Dissected leaf margin		 24
渝苏162
Yusu 162		 重庆市甘薯研究中心, 江苏省农业科学研究院
Chongqing Sweet Potato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences		 心脏形
Heart-shaped leaf shape		 31

图1

不同处理对甘薯叶片组织结构的影响 UE: 上表皮; LE: 下表皮; PT: 栅栏组织; ST: 海绵组织。S1、S2和S3分别表示甘薯品种为潮薯1号、广薯87和渝苏162。L200、L500和L800分别表示光照强度为200 μmol m-2 s-1、500 μmol m-2 s-1和800 μmol m-2 s-1。"

表2

不同处理叶片组织结构和LAI的方差分析和多重比较"

品种
Sweet potato cultivar		 光照强度
Light intensity		 上表皮厚度
Upper epidermis thickness
(μm)		 下表皮厚度
Lower epidermis thickness
(μm)		 栅栏组织厚度
Palisade tissue thickness
(μm)		 海绵组织厚度
Spongy tissue thickness
(μm)		 叶片厚度
Blade thickness
(μm)		 叶面积指数
LAI
S1 L200 14.03±0.76 h 31.17±0.30 a 44.19±2.89 f 57.92±3.00 e 147.31±2.52 g 5.85±0.09 a
L500 21.47±0.36 e 25.49±1.12 c 60.99±1.00 d 75.44±7.74 c 183.39±6.05 d 3.84±0.30 d
L800 25.89±0.53 c 20.93±1.50 e 81.97±0.53 a 95.09±3.02 a 223.89±1.38 a 3.44±0.06 e
S2 L200 24.67±0.85 d 29.12±0.35 b 43.63±1.80 f 45.41±0.58 f 142.83±1.84 g 4.10±0.10 c
L500 27.36±0.24 b 24.29±0.82 cd 59.33±0.48 d 64.83±0.23 d 175.81±1.59 e 3.80±0.08 d
L800 28.91±0.33 a 24.08±0.32 cd 76.77±0.09 b 82.29±3.53 b 212.05±3.59 b 3.03±0.11 f
S3 L200 16.77±0.96 g 23.68±0.07 d 42.28±0.74 f 73.91±0.88 c 156.64±2.46 f 5.02±0.08 b
L500 18.29±0.21 f 24.35±1.04 cd 56.68±1.83 e 83.61±3.97 b 182.93±4.18 d 3.56±0.04 e
L800 21.63±0.22 e 23.68±0.07 d 69.85±0.86 c 84.40±3.27 b 199.56±3.85 c 3.00±0.06 f
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Sweet potato cultivar (S) 776.75** 25.37** 75.60** 105.24** 40.43** 120.50**
光照强度Light intensity (L) 372.67** 82.84** 1482.52** 112.69** 577.78** 422.51**
品种×光照强度(S×L) 50.51** 30.24** 13.10** 11.55** 16.24** 33.64**

表3

不同处理基本光合参数和RUBP羧化酶活性的方差分析和多重比较"

品种
Sweet potato
cultivar		 光照强度
Light
intensity		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2浓度
Ci
(μmol mol-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr
(mmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mol m-2 s-1)		 RUBP羧化酶活性
RUBP carboxylase activity
(IU g-1)
S1 L200 7.92±0.79 e 365.90±4.60 a 1.46±0.03 g 0.31±0.02 g 0.83±0.01 e
L500 16.74±0.45 c 323.33±0.79 c 1.88±0.05 e 0.42±0.00 d 1.13±0.00 c
L800 19.81±0.17 b 267.80±5.09 d 3.33±0.16 b 0.53±0.00 b 1.20±0.02 a
S2 L200 8.84±0.34 e 362.55±1.69 a 1.38±0.05 gh 0.35±0.01 f 1.02±0.00 d
L500 14.05±0.70 d 327.35±2.32 c 2.68±0.05 c 0.43±0.02 d 1.12±0.02 c
L800 21.33±1.81 a 244.92±3.98 f 3.54±0.07 a 0.62±0.01 a 1.17±0.02 b
S3 L200 8.13±0.29 e 342.95±2.99 b 1.28±0.07 h 0.33±0.01 fg 0.77±0.01 f
L500 12.78±0.56 d 255.99±0.03 e 1.63±0.02 f 0.37±0.00 e 1.03±0.02 d
L800 16.35±0.23 c 180.59±2.53 g 2.17±0.04 d 0.47±0.01 c 1.16±0.01 b
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S) 41.53** 965.31** 312.35** 81.04** 98.85**
光照强度 Light intensity (L) 382.36** 3708.55** 1168.95** 688.97** 1276.49**
品种×光照强度(S×L) 11.27** 106.51** 89.66** 22.75** 93.47**

表4

不同处理叶片光合色素的方差分析和多重比较"

品种
Sweet potato cultivar		 光照强度
Light intensity		 叶绿素a含量
Chlorophyll a content
(mg g-1)		 叶绿素b含量
Chlorophyll b content
(mg g-1)		 类胡萝卜素含量
Carotenoid content
(mg g-1)		 叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b
S1 L200 2.54±0.06 d 0.51±0.11 cd 0.04±0.00 c 5.11±1.21 ab
L500 1.90±0.07 f 0.35±0.01 g 0.03±0.00 d 5.50±0.14 ab
L800 2.01±0.13 f 0.37±0.03 fg 0.04±0.00 d 5.37±0.17 ab
S2 L200 3.17±0.13 b 0.68±0.02 b 0.05±0.00 b 4.67±0.05 b
L500 2.41±0.10 de 0.46±0.02 de 0.04±0.00 c 5.28±0.04 ab
L800 2.31±0.04 e 0.42±0.01 efg 0.04±0.00 c 5.48±0.03 ab
S3 L200 3.93±0.18 a 0.81±0.05 a 0.07±0.00 a 4.87±0.13 b
L500 2.46±0.09 de 0.43±0.02 ef 0.04±0.00 c 5.71±0.09 a
L800 2.95±0.14 c 0.55±0.02 c 0.05±0.00 b 5.41±0.03 ab
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S) 743.09** 56.84** 348.63** 0.88
光照强度 Light intensity (L) 155.80** 79.58** 95.18** 5.04*
品种×光照强度(S×L) 11.69** 5.26* 10.37** 0.49

表5

不同处理结薯及块根干物质的方差分析和多重比较"

品种
Sweet potato cultivar		 光照强度
Light intensity		 单株结薯数
Storage root number
(lump plant-1)		 单株薯重
Storage root weight
per plant (g plant-1)		 块根干物质重
Storage root dry matter weight (g)		 块根干率
Storage root drying rate (%)
S1 L200 3.00±0.00 cd 133.08±6.82 e 22.70±1.45 e 0.17±0.01 f
L500 3.67±0.58 bc 210.53±2.85 b 34.19±0.06 d 0.16±0.00 g
L800 5.33±0.58 a 232.65±3.32 a 37.07±0.58 c 0.16±0.00 g
S2 L200 3.67±0.58 bc 95.82±3.41 f 22.05±0.54 e 0.23±0.00 d
L500 4.33±0.58 b 149.27±6.41 d 33.14±1.23 d 0.22±0.01 e
L800 5.33±0.58 a 179.47±8.54 c 40.80±1.48 b 0.23±0.00 de
S3 L200 2.33±0.58 d 125.69±4.20 e 38.32±1.00 c 0.31±0.00 a
L500 3.00±0.00 cd 147.72±5.11 d 41.13±1.64 b 0.28±0.00 b
L800 4.33±0.58 b 184.48±0.69 c 48.30±0.85 a 0.26±0.00 c
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S) 15.50* 119.48** 215.39** 668.29**
光照强度 Light intensity (L) 31.50** 833.15** 373.68** 117.21**
品种×光照强度 (S×L) 0.38 34.71** 20.00** 45.66**

表6

不同处理叶片生理与根系指标因子分析表"

参数
Parameter		 载荷系数Load factor 共同度
Commonality
主因子1
Principal component 1 (PC1)		 主因子2
Principal component 2 (PC2)		 主因子3
Principal component 3 (PC3)
上表皮厚度Upper epidermis thickness 0.959 -0.099 -0.053 0.932
单株结薯数Storage root number 0.858 0.054 -0.320 0.841
Tr 0.840 0.199 -0.355 0.871
Gs 0.840 0.344 -0.285 0.906
RUBP羧化酶活性RUBP carboxylase activity 0.788 0.239 -0.430 0.863
Pn 0.746 0.428 -0.462 0.954
栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness 0.735 0.474 -0.444 0.961
LAI -0.748 -0.500 0.104 0.821
块根干物质重Storage root dry matter weight 0.272 0.942 0.086 0.968
叶片厚度Blade thickness -0.220 0.910 0.319 0.979
海绵组织厚度Spongy tissue thickness 0.280 0.839 -0.288 0.865
Ci -0.432 -0.802 0.076 0.836
下表皮厚度Lower epidermis thickness -0.483 -0.712 -0.012 0.740
叶绿素a含量Chlorophyll a content -0.314 0.005 0.927 0.958
叶绿素b含量Chlorophyll b content -0.286 -0.180 0.911 0.944
类胡萝卜素含量Carotenoid content -0.300 0.116 0.910 0.932
块根干率Storage root drying rate -0.165 0.444 0.806 0.874
单株薯重Storage root weight per plant 0.405 0.489 -0.652 0.828
叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b 0.013 0.534 -0.531 0.567
特征值Eigenvalue 10.572 4.195 1.875
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate (%) 55.642 22.081 9.867
累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%) 55.642 77.722 87.589
旋转后方差贡献率Rotated variance contribution (%) 33.824 27.495 26.269
累积旋转后方差贡献率
Cumulative rotated variance contribution (%)		 33.824 61.320 87.589

表7

不同处理因子分析的综合得分与排名"

品种
Sweet potato cultivar		 光照强度
Light intensity		 PC1得分
PC1 score		 PC2得分
PC2 score		 PC3得分
PC3 score		 综合得分
Comprehensive score		 综合得分排名
Composite score ranking
S1 L200 -1.54 -1.14 -0.81 -1.195 9
L500 -0.40 -0.07 -1.42 -0.602 8
L800 0.98 0.35 -0.96 0.200 4
S2 L200 0.34 -1.73 1.10 -0.082 7
L500 0.69 -0.66 0.03 0.068 5
L800 1.56 0.17 -0.03 0.647 2
S3 L200 -1.00 0.52 1.80 0.317 3
L500 -0.95 1.17 -0.24 -0.071 6
L800 0.32 1.39 0.54 0.722 1

图2

筛选后指标的相关性分析 * 和** 分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平相关性显著。Gs: 气孔导度; Pn: 净光合速率。"

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