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作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2347-2357.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.42006

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉消化特性的影响

胡丽琴1(), 肖正午2, 方升亮3, 曹放波2, 陈佳娜2, 黄敏2,*()   

  1. 1湖南省作物研究所, 湖南长沙 410125
    2作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室 / 湖南农业大学, 湖南长沙 410128
    3衡阳市农业科学院, 湖南衡阳 421101
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-25 接受日期:2024-05-21 出版日期:2024-09-12 网络出版日期:2024-06-04
  • 通讯作者: *黄敏, E-mail: mhuang@hunau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: hnliqin1003@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301303);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻, CARS-01)

Effects of planting season on digestive characteristics of high amylose content rice

HU Li-Qin1(), XIAO Zheng-Wu2, FANG Sheng-Liang3, CAO Fang-Bo2, CHEN Jia-Na2, HUANG Min2,*()   

  1. 1Hunan Crop Research Institute, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
    2Rice and Product Ecophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology / Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    3Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421101, Hunan, China
  • Received:2024-01-25 Accepted:2024-05-21 Published:2024-09-12 Published online:2024-06-04
  • Contact: *E-mail: mhuang@hunau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2301303);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Rice, CARS-01)

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摘要：

为探究早季与晚季不同种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻消化特性的影响, 本研究以6个高直链淀粉水稻为供试品种, 于2020—2021年进行早、晚季种植, 通过体外消化模拟方法结合气象数据, 研究高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时和晚季种植时的淀粉消化特性的差异。结果表明, 高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时, 灌浆期平均温度和平均辐射量比晚季种植分别高16.1%和10.1%。总葡萄糖生成量(total glucose production, TGP)和葡萄糖生成速率(glucose production rate, GPR)比晚季种植时分别降低4.1%和10.0%, 而活跃消化时间(active digestion duration, ADD)增加7.8%。与晚季种植相比, 高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时直链淀粉增加3.1%, 蛋白质降低8.5%。稻米RVA谱特征值中峰值黏度、最低黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、回复值和糊化温度分别增加34.4%、29.7%、51.6%、26.2%、20.6%和1.3%, 而消减值降低2.6%。相关性分析表明, GPR与直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度呈显著负相关关系, 相关系数分别为-0.429、-0.558、-0.662和-0.439, 与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关关系, 相关系数为0.565。直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度都与灌浆期的日平均温度和日平均太阳辐射呈显著正相关关系, 蛋白质与灌浆期的日平均温度和日平均太阳辐射呈显著正相关关系。由此可知, 高直链淀粉水稻品种在早季种植后, 灌浆期日平均温度及日平均太阳辐射量增加, 导致直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度增加, 蛋白质含量降低, 进而导致淀粉消化速率变慢。本研究结果可为高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉消化快慢的栽培调控提供理论依据。

关键词: 高直链淀粉水稻, 种植季节, 消化特性, 平均温度, 太阳辐射

Abstract:

To elucidate the effects of planting season on the digestive properties of high amylose content rice, six rice cultivars with high amylose content were cultivated in both the early and late seasons in 2020 and 2021. The differences in starch digestion characteristics between early and late-season rice were investigated by the in vitro digestion simulation method combined with meteorological data. The results showed that the average temperature and radiation of high amylose rice in the early season increased by 16.1% and 10.1%, respectively, compared to the late season. Moreover, compared to the late-season planting, the total glucose production (TGP) and glucose production rate (GPR) decreased by 4.1% and 10.0%, respectively, while active digestion duration (ADD) increased by 7.8%. Additionally, compared to late-season planting, early-season planting resulted in a 3.1% increase in amylose content and an 8.5% decrease in protein content. The peak viscosity, through viscosity, breakdown value, final viscosity, consistency viscosity, and pasting temperature of the rice RVA spectrum increased by 34.4%, 29.7%, 51.6%, 26.2%, 20.6%, and 1.3%, respectively, while the setback value decreased by 2.6%. Correlation analysis revealed that GPR showed negative correlations with grain amylose content, peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, and final viscosity, with correlation coefficient values of -0.429, -0.558, -0.662, and -0.439, respectively. However, GPR exhibited a highly positive correlation with protein content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.565. Amylose content, peak viscosity, and minimum viscosity showed positive correlation with the daily mean temperature and daily mean solar radiation during grain filling. The final viscosity showed a positive correlation with the average daily temperature during the grain-filling period. In conclusion, compared to late-season planting, early-season planting of high amylose rice varieties resulted in increased daily average temperature and daily average solar radiation during the filling period, leading to increased amylose content, peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, and final viscosity, as well as a decrease in protein content, which further contributed to a slower starch digestion rate. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation regulation of starch digestion speed of high amylose rice varieties.

Key words: high amylose content rice, cropping season, digestive characteristics, average temperature, solar radiation

表1

2020年和2021年各品种灌浆期及其平均温度和辐射情况"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 早季种植Early season planting 晚季种植Late season planting 早晚季日平均温度差
ΔMT
(℃)		 早晚季日平均太阳辐射差
ΔMR
(MJ m-2)
抽穗期
Full heading date
(month/day)		 成熟期
Maturity
(month/day)		 灌浆期
Grain filling period
(d)		 日平均温度
Daily mean temperature (℃)		 日平均
太阳辐射
Daily mean radiation
(MJ m-2)		 抽穗期
Full heading date
(month/day)		 成熟期
Maturity
(month/day)		 灌浆期
Grain filling period
(d)		 日平均温度
Daily mean temperature (℃)		 日平均
太阳辐射
Daily mean radiation
(MJ m-2)
2020
 中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17 6/10 7/12 33.0 28.0 12.5 8/28 10/9 43.0 22.1 9.7 5.9 2.8
湘早籼24号Xiangzaoxian 24 6/11 7/14 34.0 28.1 13.0 8/26 10/7 43.0 22.6 10.2 5.5 2.8
中早39 Zhongzao 39 6/14 7/16 33.0 28.0 12.8 9/4 10/13 40.0 21.0 8.2 7.0 4.6
广陆矮4号Guanglu’ai 4 6/11 7/13 33.0 28.1 12.7 8/26 10/7 43.0 22.6 10.2 5.5 2.5
株两优729 Zhuliangyou 729 6/10 7/12 33.0 28.0 12.5 8/31 10/10 41.0 21.6 8.8 6.4 3.7
陆两优996 Luliangyou 996 6/15 7/17 33.0 28.1 12.9 9/3 10/12 40.0 21.1 8.3 7.0 4.6
平均值Mean — — 33.2 28.1 12.7 — — 41.7 21.8 9.2 6.3 3.5
2021 中嘉早17 Zhongjiazao 17 6/15 7/11 27.0 28.7 15.4 9/2 10/9 38.0 27.3 16.7 1.4 -1.3
湘早籼24号Xiangzaoxian 24 6/16 7/12 27.0 28.8 15.5 9/1 10/8 38.0 27.6 17.1 1.2 -1.6
中早39 Zhongzao 39 6/18 7/14 27.0 29.0 16.1 9/4 10/11 38.0 26.7 15.7 2.3 0.4
广陆矮4号Guanglu’ai 4 6/16 7/11 26.0 28.6 15.1 9/2 10/10 39.0 27.1 16.3 1.5 -1.2
株两优729 Zhuliangyou 729 6/15 7/11 27.0 28.7 15.4 8/30 10/6 38.0 28.2 18.1 0.5 -2.7
陆两优996 Luliangyou 996 6/19 7/15 27.0 29.2 16.6 9/4 10/11 38.0 26.7 15.7 2.5 0.9
平均值Mean — — 26.8 28.8 15.7 — — 38.2 27.2 16.6 1.6 -0.9

图1

种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻品种直链淀粉含量的影响 *和**分别表示同一品种早、晚季在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。XJZ17: 中嘉早17; XZX24: 湘早籼24号; ZZ39: 中早39; GLA4: 广陆矮4号; ZLY729: 株两优729; LLY996: 陆两优996。"

图2

种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻品种蛋白质含量的影响 *和**分别表示同一品种早、晚季在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。XJZ17: 中嘉早17; XZX24: 湘早籼24号; ZZ39: 中早39; GLA4: 广陆矮4号; ZLY729: 株两优729; LLY996: 陆两优996。"

图3

种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉RVA的影响 *和**分别表示同一品种早、晚季在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。XJZ17: 中嘉早17; XZX24: 湘早籼24号; ZZ39: 中早39; GLA4: 广陆矮4号; ZLY729: 株两优729; LLY996: 陆两优996。"

表2

2020-2021年高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉早季与晚季的淀粉消化特性"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 种植季节
Planting season		 总葡萄糖生成量
Total glucose production
(mg g-1)		 活跃消化时间
Digestive active duration
(min)		 葡萄糖生成速率
Glucose production rate
(mg g-1 min-1)
2020 中嘉早17
Zhongjiazao 17		 早季Early season 358±7 a 160±9 a 2.2±0.1 a
晚季Late season 356±26 a 154±7 a 2.3±0.3 a
湘早籼24号
Xiangzaoxian 24		 早季Early season 346±7 a 143±5 a 2.4±0.1 a
晚季Late season 352±9 a 137±7 a 2.6±0.1 a
中早39
Zhongzao 39		 早季Early season 378±6 a 209±9 a 1.8±0.1 b
晚季Late season 355±10 b 174±9 b 2.0±0.1 a
广陆矮4号
Guanglu’ai 4		 早季Early season 354±11 b 171±9 a 2.1±0.1 b
晚季Late season 382±11 a 156±13 a 2.3±0.1 a
株两优729
Zhuliangyou 729		 早季Early season 343±6 b 167±15 a 2.1±0.2 a
晚季Late season 391±5 a 174±12 a 2.3±0.1 a
陆两优996
Luliangyou 996		 早季Early season 347±9 b 253±14 a 1.4±0.0 b
晚季Late season 406±10 a 269±7 a 1.5±0.0 a
平均值
Mean		 早季Early season 354.2 B 183.8 A 2.0 A
晚季Late season 373.8 A 178.9 A 2.2 A
2021 中嘉早17
Zhongjiazao 17		 早季Early season 367±5 a 238±14 a 1.5±0.1 b
晚季Late season 379±11 a 189±28 a 2.0±0.3 a
湘早籼24号
Xiangzaoxian 24		 早季Early season 333±10 b 188±11 a 1.8±0.1 b
晚季Late season 387±25 a 190±19 a 2.0±0.1 a
中早39
Zhongzao 39		 早季Early season 344±5 b 227±11 a 1.5±0.1 b
晚季Late season 388±11 a 226±16 a 1.7±0.1 a
广陆矮4号
Guanglu’ai 4		 早季Early season 368±12 a 220±12 a 1.7±0.1 a
晚季Late season 336±13 b 194±11 a 1.7±0.2 a
株两优729
Zhuliangyou 729		 早季Early season 353±10 a 190±14 a 1.9±0.1 a
晚季Late season 351±13 a 192±15 a 1.8±0.2 a
陆两优996
Luliangyou 996		 早季Early season 357±11 a 281±37 a 1.3±0.1 b
晚季Late season 345±17 a 205±8 b 1.7±0.0 a
平均值
Mean		 早季Early season 353.7 A 223.9 A 1.6 B
晚季Late season 364.5 A 199.4 B 1.8 A
方差分析(F值)
ANOVA (F-value)		 季节Season (S) 29.40** 19.47** 42.46**
品种Cultivar (C) 1.66 51.09** 47.77**
年份Year (Y) 3.06 77.86** 134.73**
季节×品种S×C 3.27* 2.56* 1.16
季节×年份S×Y 2.49 6.45* 1.26
品种×年份C×Y 5.73** 9.81** 8.98**
季节×品种×年份S×C×Y 19.02** 6.64** 2.65*

表3

高直链淀粉含量水稻稻米品质与淀粉消化特性的相关性(r值, n=24)"

指标
Trait		 GPR Am Pro PKV TV BV FV SV CV PaT
TGP 0.018 -0.078 0.104 -0.317 -0.337 -0.151 -0.351 -0.059 -0.177 -0.311
ADD -0.945** 0.336 -0.442* 0.461** 0.573** 0.047 0.350 -0.518** -0.276 0.198
GPR 1 -0.429* 0.565** -0.558** -0.662** -0.119 -0.439* 0.565** 0.238 -0.207

表4

高直链淀粉含量水稻淀粉消化特性、稻米品质与气象因子的相关性(r值, n=24)"

指标
Trait		 Am Pro PKV TV BV FV SV CV PaT GPR
MT 0.516** -0.736** 0.731** 0.727** 0.444* 0.693** -0.296 0.230 0.152 -0.432*
MR 0.598** -0.742** 0.454* 0.537** 0.101 0.375 -0.394 -0.150 0.034 -0.460*
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