高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34210

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 2358-2370.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34210

高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响

张琪祺¹(), 陈杰昌¹, 蒯婕², 汪波², 王晶², 徐正华², 赵杰², 赵思明¹, 贾才华¹^,^*(), 周广生²

¹华中农业大学食品科学技术学院 / 教育部环境食品学重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070
²华中农业大学植物科学技术学院 / 农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2023-12-12 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-09-12 网络出版日期:2024-05-27
通讯作者: *贾才华, E-mail: chjia@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:E-mail: qiqizhang@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金计划项目(2024AFB732);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600502)

Effect of high density planting on the quality of cold pressed rapeseed oil

ZHANG Qi-Qi¹(), CHEN Jie-Chang¹, KUAI Jie², WANG Bo², WANG Jing², XU Zheng-Hua², ZHAO Jie², ZHAO Si-Ming¹, JIA Cai-Hua¹^,^*(), ZHOU Guang-Sheng²

¹College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Environmental Food Science, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
²College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

Received:2023-12-12 Accepted:2024-04-01 Published:2024-09-12 Published online:2024-05-27
Contact: *E-mail: chjia@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Supported by:
Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB732);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1600502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确高密植对冷榨菜籽油品质的影响, 本研究选用6个株型差异较大的油菜品种(系), 采用45万株 hm^-2和75万株 hm^-2 2个密度种植, 油菜成熟后收获籽粒冷榨, 分析菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成和典型脂质伴随物的含量。结果表明, 与45万株 hm^-2相比, 在75万株 hm^-2密度条件下, 6个油菜品种(系)籽粒含油量、菜籽油叶绿素含量、红值、过氧化值和酸价增加, 均值分别为4.67%、65.28%、22.16%、30.36%和7.23%, 但均符合国标一级菜籽油质量标准; 不饱和脂肪酸含量增加幅度为0.02%~4.26%, 类胡萝卜素和极性总酚含量增加幅度分别为0.52~4.54 mg kg^-1和1.18~12.06 mg 100 g^-1; 川油20和华油杂62两品种冷榨菜籽油中的生育酚和植物甾醇含量均有提升。综合评价结果表明, 不同株型油菜冷榨食用油品质形成对不同种植密度的响应规律不同, 不同高度和叶型油菜在75万株 hm^-2种植密度下的冷榨菜籽油品质优于45万株 hm^-2, 其中川油20和华油杂62在75万株 hm^-2密度下的综合品质较优。本研究结果可为油菜密植、优质菜籽油原料的品种选育及生产提供参考。

关键词: 油菜, 种植密度, 菜籽油, 脂质伴随物, 品质

Abstract:

In order to determine the effect of high density planting on the quality of cold-pressed rapeseed oil, six rapeseed varieties with significantly different plant architectures were selected and planted with 450,000 plants hm^-2 and 750,000 plants hm^-2. The mature seeds were harvested and cold-pressed, and the physicochemical indexes, fatty acid composition, and typical lipid concomitants contents of rapeseed oil were analyzed. The results showed that compared with 450,000 plants hm^-2, the oil content, chlorophyll, red value, peroxide value, and acid value under the density of 750,000 plants hm^-2 increased on average by 4.67%, 65.28%, 22.16%, 30.36%, and 7.23%, respectively. But all of them met the national standard grade Ⅰ rapeseed oil quality standard. Under the density of 750,000 plants hm^-2, the contents of unsaturated fatty acids increased by 0.02%-4.26%, and the contents of carotenoid and polar total phenol increased by 0.52-4.54 mg kg^-1 and 1.18-12.06 mg 100 g^-1, respectively. At the same time, the contents of tocopherol and phytosterol of ‘Chuanyou 20’and ‘Huayouza 62’ were increased. Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different plant architectures of rapeseed was different in response to the two planting densities. The quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different heights and leaf types of rapeseed was better than 450,000 plants hm^-2 under the density of 750,000 plants hm^-2, among which the comprehensive quality of “Chuanyou 20” and “Huayouza 62” was superior under the density of 750,000 plants hm^-2. Thus, the results of this study can provide a reference for the density planting, variety breeding, and the production of high-quality rapeseed oil raw materials.

Key words: rapeseed, planting density, rapeseed oil, lipid concomitants, quality

张琪祺, 陈杰昌, 蒯婕, 汪波, 王晶, 徐正华, 赵杰, 赵思明, 贾才华, 周广生. 高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2358-2370.

ZHANG Qi-Qi, CHEN Jie-Chang, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, WANG Jing, XU Zheng-Hua, ZHAO Jie, ZHAO Si-Ming, JIA Cai-Hua, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Effect of high density planting on the quality of cold pressed rapeseed oil[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2358-2370.

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品种 Variety	密度 Density	千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	含油量 Oil content (%)
CY20	D1	4.15±0.00 dB	35.00±0.55 dB
	D2	4.26±0.04 cA	37.44±1.11 dA
N91	D1	4.33±0.06 bA	39.73±0.10 cA
	D2	4.05±0.05 dB	41.23±1.00 cA
ERAKE	D1	4.23±0.05 cB	45.60±0.19 aA
	D2	4.33±0.04 bA	46.14±1.13 aA
11-9-704	D1	5.83±0.02 aA	46.08±0.83 aA
	D2	5.60±0.04 aB	46.85±0.29 aA
TLHY	D1	4.21±0.04 cB	39.96±0.28 cB
	D2	4.36±0.03 bA	43.92±0.21 bA
HZ62	D1	4.08±0.02 eA	42.69±0.29 bB
	D2	3.99±0.03 dB	44.61±0.17 bA

品种 Variety	密度 Density	红值 Red-value	黄值 Yellow-value	叶绿素 Chlorophyll (mg kg^-1)
CY20	D1	3.35±0.07 bA	30.05±0.07 abA	0.43±0.03 eB
	D2	3.10±0.14 cA	30.40±0.28 cdA	0.75±0.02 fA
N91	D1	2.95±0.07 cB	28.00±1.41 cB	0.51±0.02 dB
	D2	4.00±0.00 aA	39.50±0.71 aA	1.25±0.01 eA
ERAKE	D1	2.85±0.07 cB	28.20±1.27 bcB	0.98±0.02 cB
	D2	4.15±0.07 aA	39.50±0.71 aA	1.40±0.00 dA
11-9-704	D1	3.60±0.14 aA	30.25±0.07 aB	1.19±0.00 bB
	D2	3.50±0.14 bA	32.10±0.14 bA	1.56±0.00 cA
TLHY	D1	2.05±0.07 dB	20.65±0.49 dB	0.26±0.00 fB
	D2	3.00±0.14 cA	30.15±0.07 dA	2.10±0.00 aA
HZ62	D1	3.20±0.14 bB	30.10±0.14 abA	1.93±0.01 aA
	D2	3.70±0.14 bA	31.50±0.71 bcA	1.70±0.00 bB

品种 Variety	密度 Density	脂肪酸组成Fatty acids composition							不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acids (%)	ω-6/ ω-3
品种 Variety	密度 Density	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid (%)	硬脂酸 Stearic acid (%)	油酸 Oleic acid (%)	亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid (%)	花生一烯酸 Eicosenoic acid (%)	芥酸 Erucic acid (%)	不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acids (%)	ω-6/ ω-3
CY20	D1	3.85 dB	1.71 dA	65.10 bB	19.32 bA	8.72 dA	1.31 dA	ND	94.44 aA	2.21
	D2	3.86 dA	1.68 cA	65.36 aA	19.35 bA	8.46 eB	1.28 fB	ND	94.46 aA	2.29
N91	D1	4.01 bB	1.60 eA	57.18 eB	19.54 aB	10.99 aB	2.02 bA	4.65 bA	89.73 eB	1.78
	D2	4.15 cA	1.67 cA	58.43 eA	20.84 aA	11.44 aA	1.94 cB	1.52 B	92.66 eA	1.82
ERAKE	D1	2.99 eA	2.06 bA	64.42 cA	19.02 cA	9.24 cB	1.24 fB	ND	93.92 cA	2.06
	D2	4.47 aA	1.83 bB	64.06 cB	16.96 eB	10.06 bA	2.62 bA	ND	93.70 cA	1.69
11-9-704	D1	3.92 cA	1.87 cA	65.53 aA	17.78 eB	9.64 bB	1.26 eB	ND	94.21 bB	1.84
	D2	3.86 dB	1.83 bB	64.76 bB	18.00 dA	10.05 bA	1.49 dA	ND	94.31 bA	1.79
TLHY	D1	2.96 eB	0.97 fB	14.22 fB	13.32 fA	9.24 cA	7.40 aA	51.89 aA	44.18 fB	1.44
	D2	2.99 eA	0.99 dA	19.81 fA	13.00 fB	9.00 dB	6.64 aB	47.58 B	48.44 fA	1.44
HZ62	D1	3.92 cB	2.25 aB	62.45 dB	18.69 dB	9.25 cA	1.79 cA	1.37 c	92.19 dB	2.02
	D2	3.86 dA	2.31 aA	63.73 dA	19.20 cA	9.13 cB	1.31 eB	ND	93.36 dA	2.10

品种 Variety	密度 Density	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoid (mg kg^-1)	极性总酚 Polar total phenols (mg 100 g^-1)
CY20	D1	4.77±0.16 bA	62.82±0.29 cB
CY20	D2	4.45±0.12 dA	70.47±0.29 bA
N91	D1	4.19±0.06 cB	46.65±1.18 dB
	D2	5.76±0.15 bA	58.71±0.88 dA
ERAKE	D1	3.23±0.07 dB	62.53±2.35 cB
ERAKE	D2	7.77±0.15 aA	63.71±2.35 cA
11-9-704	D1	5.31±0.42 aB	66.35±0.29 bA
	D2	5.83±0.29 bA	64.29±1.18 cA
TLHY	D1	1.99±0.03 eB	33.12±1.76 eB
	D2	4.72±0.29 cA	41.35±1.76 eA
HZ62	D1	4.94±0.09 abB	76.65±0.59 aB
HZ62	D2	5.66±0.03 bA	79.59±1.18 aA

品种 Variety	密度 Density	α-生育酚 α-tocopherol (mg kg^-1)	γ-生育酚 γ-tocopherol (mg kg^-1)	总生育酚 Total tocopherol (mg kg^-1)
CY20	D1	147.12±2.95 bA	260.53±4.45 cB	407.65±7.40 bB
CY20	D2	143.90±0.06 bA	287.66±0.53 aA	431.56±0.58 bA
N91	D1	135.86±1.79 cA	241.22±1.05 dA	377.09±2.84 cA
	D2	134.97±0.21 cA	231.70±1.15 dB	366.67±0.95 cB
ERAKE	D1	152.68±0.51 aA	270.31±0.05 bA	423.00±0.46 aA
ERAKE	D2	103.19±1.70 fB	179.51±0.00 fB	282.69±1.70 fB
11-9-704	D1	119.01±0.12 eA	263.47±2.09 cA	382.48±1.97 cA
	D2	117.93±0.46 dA	241.11±1.27 cB	359.04±0.81 dB
TLHY	D1	130.00±0.30 dA	283.07±0.01 aA	413.07±0.31 bA
	D2	116.71±0.00 eB	200.57±0.54 eB	317.28±0.54 eB
HZ62	D1	134.85±0.39 cB	274.14±0.44 bB	408.99±0.05 bB
HZ62	D2	150.76±0.76 aA	284.02±0.51 bA	434.78±0.25 aA

高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响

Effect of high density planting on the quality of cold pressed rapeseed oil

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品种 Variety	密度 Density	菜籽甾醇 Brassicastero (mg kg^-1)	菜油甾醇 Campesterol (mg kg^-1)	β-谷甾醇 β-sitosterol (mg kg^-1)	植物甾醇 Phytosterol (mg kg^-1)
CY20	D1	685.69±4.34 bcB	1259.64±1.07 cB	2855.77±8.37 bcB	4801.10±13.77 bB
CY20	D2	755.52±11.28 bA	1327.25±14.25 bA	3071.87±35.36 bcA	5154.65±431.43 abA
N91	D1	633.87±61.99 cA	1005.86±105.39 dA	2580.01±264.05 cA	4219.74±8.58 cB
	D2	862.25±66.21 aA	1320.33±104.25 bA	3326.59±266.72 cA	5509.17±111.93 aA
ERAKE	D1	757.56±12.97 aA	1885.68±34.66 aB	3441.89±64.30 aA	6085.14±60.89 aA
ERAKE	D2	243.04±16.37 dB	2458.14±145.17 aA	2754.71±159.90 aB	5455.89±437.18 aA
11-9-704	D1	712.87±41.51 abA	1617.89±95.83 bA	2919.94±191.64 bA	5250.70±160.07 bA
	D2	716.13±7.20 bA	1451.86±4.68 bA	2773.96±28.93 bA	4941.95±321.44 bA
TLHY	D1	432.17±0.51 dB	465.05±1.56 eB	1722.13±7.53 dB	2619.35±328.98 dB
	D2	501.81±25.25 cA	786.85±34.14 cA	2090.09±100.68 dA	3378.75±230.33 cA
HZ62	D1	684.99±34.00 bcA	1334.91±61.42 cA	2878.39±134.91 bA	4898.29±40.81 bA
HZ62	D2	728.86±30.60 bA	1419.67±56.89 bA	3099.74±114.54 bA	5248.27±202.04 abA

品种 Variety	密度 Density	主成分Comprehensive index					隶属函数Membership function					综合评价值 Comprehensive valuation value	排名 Rank
品种 Variety	密度 Density	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	综合评价值 Comprehensive valuation value	排名 Rank
CY20	D1	-1.00	2.01	0.54	1.80	0.23	0.56	0.98	0.83	0.00	0.47	0.62	9
	D2	-0.35	2.10	1.03	0.65	0.18	0.63	1.00	0.95	0.27	0.34	0.69	5
N91	D1	-1.15	0.29	1.38	1.26	1.01	0.55	0.68	0.36	0.13	0.71	0.52	10
	D2	2.63	-0.05	2.87	0.32	0.75	0.95	0.62	0.00	0.35	0.17	0.63	8
ERAKE	D1	-0.19	1.57	1.15	2.45	0.60	0.65	0.91	0.42	1.00	0.21	0.68	6
	D2	3.12	-1.96	0.05	1.31	0.09	1.00	0.28	0.71	0.12	0.37	0.66	7
11-9-704	D1	1.26	-0.40	0.79	1.02	1.96	0.80	0.56	0.89	0.66	1.00	0.76	1
	D2	1.50	-1.03	0.37	0.91	1.53	0.83	0.45	0.79	0.64	0.87	0.73	3
TLHY	D1	-6.35	-0.70	0.59	0.22	0.18	0.00	0.51	0.56	0.48	0.45	0.26	12
	D2	-1.49	-3.56	0.80	0.06	1.29	0.51	0.00	0.90	0.44	0.00	0.40	11
HZ62	D1	0.56	0.68	1.23	0.28	0.93	0.73	0.75	1.00	0.49	0.11	0.69	4
	D2	1.47	1.06	1.17	0.41	1.05	0.83	0.82	0.99	0.52	0.07	0.75	2

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