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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1341-1350.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.34147

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量和品质的影响

杨春菊1,2(), 唐道彬1,2, 张凯1,2, 杜康1,2, 黄红1,2, 乔欢欢1,2, 王季春1,2,*(), 吕长文1,2,*()   

  1. 1西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 重庆 400715
    2薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-31 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2024-05-12 网络出版日期:2024-02-09
  • 通讯作者: *吕长文, E-mail: lvcgwn@163.com; 王季春, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2270316165@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市创新与应用研发重点项目(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0022);中央高校基本科研业务专项(XDJK2020B032);中央高校基本科研业务专项(XDJK2021 F001);重庆市现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(CQMAITS202303)

Effect of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on yield and quality in sweet potato

YANG Chun-Ju1,2(), TANG Dao-Bin1,2, ZHANG Kai1,2, DU Kang1,2, HUANG Hong1,2, QIAO Huan-Huan1,2, WANG Ji-Chun1,2,*(), LYU Chang-Wen1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2023-08-31 Accepted:2024-01-12 Published:2024-05-12 Published online:2024-02-09
  • Contact: *E-mail: lvcgwn@163.com; E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Technology Innovation and Application Development Key Project of Chongqing(cstc2021jscx-gksbX0022);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2020B032);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2021 F001);Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CQMAITS202303)

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摘要：

基于重庆地区土壤肥力及施肥水平, 在保证作物稳产、优质的情况下, 探讨氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量、品质、养分利用和土壤肥力的影响, 以期确定本地区甘薯是否存在减肥空间以及适宜的减量配施策略。2021—2022年连续2年在重庆市北碚区歇马街道西南大学薯类作物研究所开展田间试验, 采用双因素随机区组试验设计, 氮、钾各三水平, 分别以常规施N量为126.00 kg hm-2 (A1), 减施10% (A2)和20% (A3); 常规施K2O量96.00 kg hm-2 (B1), 减施5% (B2)和10% (B3)。试验结果表明, 一定程度的氮钾减量配施不会造成甘薯产量的显著下降, 氮肥减施达到20% (A3)甘薯单株结薯数显著降低, A3较A1显著减产9.25%。氮肥减施10%和20%分别较A1的块根可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.25%和0.36%, 钾肥减施10%则较B1的可溶性糖含量显著增加了0.47%。但氮钾减量配施对甘薯块根淀粉率和可溶性蛋白含量存在不利影响。综上所述, 相较于本地常规施氮钾量, 减氮10% (A2)配合减钾5% (B2), 即施氮量为119.70 kg hm-2、施钾量为86.40 kg hm-2, 不会降低渝薯198产量和土壤酶活性, 可作为本区域甘薯生产中的推荐施肥量。

关键词: 甘薯, 氮钾肥减量配施, 产量品质, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

Based on the soil fertility and fertilization level in the Chongqing region, to ensure the stable and high-quality crop yields, we explored the effects of reducing nitrogen and potassium application on sweet potato yield, quality, nutrient utilization, and soil fertility, in order to determine whether there is any space for reducing fertilizer application in sweet potatoes in this area and propose the appropriate reduction application strategy. Field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years from 2021 to 2022 at the base of the Potato Crops Research Institute of Southwest University in Xiema Street, Beibei District, Chongqing. Double factor randomized block experimental design was adopted with three levels of nitrogen and potassium applied in this study. The conventional N application rate was 126.00 kg hm-2 (A1), the N application rate was reduced by 10% (A2) and 20% (A3), respectively. The conventional application amount of K2O was 96.00 kg hm-2 (B1), the application amount of K2O was reduced by 5% (B2) and 10% (B3), respectively. The results showed that moderate N and K2O reduction combined application would not significantly reduce the yield of sweet potato, but reducing N by 20% significantly reduced the number of sweet potato per plant, and the yield of A3 significantly reduced by 9.25% compared to A1. Compared to the control, the soluble sugar content of A2 and A3 significantly increased by 0.25% and 0.36%, respectively, while B3 significantly increased by 0.47% compared to B1. However, it was unfavorable to the starch content and soluble protein content of sweet potato. Therefore, compared with local conventional N and K2O fertilizer application, both reducing N by 10% (A2, 119.70 kg hm-2) and K2O by 5% (B2, 86.40 kg hm-2) did not significantly decrease the yield of Yushu-198 and soil enzyme activity, which could be recommended as the appropriate fertilization recommendation for sweet potato production in this region.

Key words: sweet potato, reducing nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application, yield and quality, soil fertility

表1

2021-2022年歇马试验点土壤基础养分含量"

年份
Year		 pH 速效钾
Available
potassium
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available
phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkaline
nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic
matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total
nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total
phosphorus
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total
potassium
(g kg-1)
2021 7.41 85.87 13.15 94.00 32.49 0.55 0.62 10.11
2022 7.21 74.13 7.54 81.45 27.66 0.27 0.54 12.03

图1

2021-2022年歇马试验点甘薯生长季温度和降雨量"

表2

氮钾减量配施处理组合"

处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)		 处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)		 处理组合
Treatment		 氮肥N
(kg hm-2)		 钾肥K2O
(kg hm-2)
A1B1 126.0 96.0 A2B1 119.7 96.0 A3B1 113.4 96.0
A1B2 126.0 86.4 A2B2 119.7 86.4 A3B2 113.4 86.4
A1B3 126.0 76.8 A2B3 119.7 76.8 A3B3 113.4 76.8

表3

氮钾减量配施对甘薯产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root number of single plant		 单薯重
Single storage root weight (g)		 薯块产量
Storage root yield (kg hm-2)
2021 A1 B1 4.35±0.09 a 162.32±12.26 a 40,355.84±2489.23 abc
B2 4.41±0.27 a 176.85±10.29 a 43,448.77±1786.38 a
B3 4.18±0.31 abcd 171.31±7.43 a 38,903.20±928.77 bcd
A2 B1 4.39±0.38 a 169.17±10.90 a 41,734.60±2185.27 ab
B2 4.21±0.17 abc 176.79±26.86 a 41,698.06±3448.07 ab
B3 4.10±0.01 abcde 179.50±12.46 a 41,401.37±2403.09 ab
A3 B1 3.93±0.21 bcdef 171.51±3.30 a 39,250.72±1648.10 bcd
B2 3.70±0.01 f 172.91±12.71 a 36,464.05±1774.07 de
B3 3.81±0.23 def 174.47±22.67 a 34,181.48±1726.77 e
2022 A1 B1 4.45±0.04 a 166.59±11.20 a 40,714.52±1631.35 ab
B2 4.48±0.30 a 183.84±12.81 a 43,692.41±1158.56 a
B3 4.11±0.11 abcd 175.43±8.54 a 40,213.09±2077.34 abc
A2 B1 4.42±0.09 a 172.92±11.22 a 41,998.58±2569.42 ab
B2 4.30±0.16 ab 179.34±26.17 a 40,524.95±2300.87 ab
B3 4.11±0.05 abcd 184.60±14.60 a 41,916.87±3028.84 ab
A3 B1 3.88±0.09 cdef 175.32±7.96 a 39,257.54±3010.52 bcd
B2 3.76±0.02 ef 174.63±13.72 a 37,098.51±1035.90 cde
B3 3.89±0.09 cdef 177.02±23.32 a 35,904.19±1694.56 e
平均值
Average		 A1 4.33±0.15 a 172.72±7.69 a 41,221.31±1921.66 a
A2 4.26±0.14 a 177.05±5.43 a 41,545.74±541.21 a
A3 3.83±0.09 b 174.31±1.91 a 39,931.04±2609.86 b
B1 4.24±0.26 a 169.64±4.68 b 40,551.97±1176.86 a
B2 4.14±0.33 a 177.39±3.84 a 40,487.79±3104.22 a
B3 4.03±0.15 a 177.06±4.59 a 39,931.04±2609.86 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.58 1.31 0.54
A 33.95** 0.56 36.86**
B 4.13* 2.24 5.18*
Y × A 0.04 0.04 0.30
Y × B 0.03 0 0.42
A × B 1.58 0.75 5.43**
Y × A × B 0.18 0.03 0.17

表4

氮钾减量配施对块根品质的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 淀粉率
Starch content (%)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar content (%)		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein content (mg g-1 FW)
2021 A1 B1 22.35±0.00 a 7.80±0.14 d 53.88±2.54 a
B2 19.74±0.87 cd 8.01±0.49 cd 52.54±3.09 ab
B3 20.90±0.50 bc 8.16±0.23 bc 51.43±2.48 ab
A2 B1 21.19±0.50 ab 8.11±0.11 bcd 52.75±1.41 ab
B2 21.19±0.50 ab 8.15±0.04 bc 50.55±4.16 ab
B3 19.74±0.87 cd 8.51±0.46 a 49.54±2.04 ab
A3 B1 20.90±0.50 bc 8.45±0.44 ab 52.28±2.76 ab
B2 19.74±0.00 cd 8.14±0.07 bc 49.59±2.05 ab
B3 19.45±1.33 d 8.52±0.40 a 48.58±1.72 b
2022 A1 B1 22.40±0.04 a 7.85±0.16 e 54.37±2.47 a
B2 19.77±0.85 cd 8.08±0.51 de 53.07±2.86 abc
B3 20.94±0.51 bc 8.22±0.26 abcd 52.05±2.41 abc
A2 B1 21.24±0.48 ab 8.14±0.11 de 53.35±1.57 ab
B2 21.23±0.51 ab 8.20±0.07 bcde 51.03±3.84 abc
B3 19.77±0.86 cd 8.56±0.49 a 49.98±1.77 bc
A3 B1 20.93±0.51 bc 8.50±0.47 abc 52.92±2.85 abc
B2 19.78±0.01 cd 8.17±0.09 cde 50.11±2.12 abc
B3 19.47±1.31 d 8.53±0.39 ab 48.81±1.74 c
平均值
Average		 A1 21.02±1.17 a 8.02±0.17 b 52.89±1.11 a
A2 20.73±0.75 a 8.28±0.21 a 51.20±1.53 ab
A3 20.05±0.69 a 8.39±0.18 a 50.38±1.81 b
B1 21.50±0.69 a 8.14±0.29 b 53.26±0.77 a
B2 20.24±0.75 b 8.13±0.07 b 51.15±1.38 b
B3 20.05±0.69 b 8.42±0.18 a 50.07±1.40 b
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.04 0.79 0.74
A 10.79** 19.82** 6.26**
B 27.03** 15.01** 10.12**
Y × A 0 0.03 0
Y × B 0 0 0
A × B 8.28** 4.12** 0.24
Y × A × B 0 0.01 0.01

表5

氮钾减量配施处理对土壤酶活性的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 脲酶
Urease (mg g-1 d-1)		 蔗糖酶
Saccharase (mg g-1 d-1)		 过氧化氢酶
Catalase (mg g-1 h-1)
2021 A1 B1 4.38±0.30 c 2.71±0.13 ab 2.53±0.61 a
B2 4.62±0.13 bc 3.88±1.54 a 2.27±0.23 ab
B3 3.13±0.20 d 2.91±1.02 ab 2.67±0.23 a
A2 B1 4.51±1.65 bc 3.72±0.11 ab 2.80±0.69 a
B2 6.12±0.47 a 3.66±0.40 ab 1.60±0.00 bc
B3 5.71±0.39 ab 3.67±1.00 ab 2.67±0.83 a
A3 B1 5.00±0.41 abc 2.35±0.19 ab 2.00±0.40 abc
B2 4.44±0.67 c 2.10±1.26 b 2.13±0.23 abc
B3 4.52±0.22 bc 2.93±0.76 ab 1.33±0.23 c
2022 A1 B1 5.29±0.30 bc 4.12±1.54 a 2.61±0.61 ab
B2 5.23±0.13 bc 4.13±0.01 a 2.35±0.23 abc
B3 4.50±0.03 cde 3.25±1.02 abcde 2.95±0.2 3a
A2 B1 4.22±1.65 de 3.76±0.11 abcd 1.68±0.00 c
B2 5.53±0.47 a 3.90±0.40 ab 2.88±0.69 a
B3 5.12±0.39 bcd 4.01±1.00 a 2.95±0.83 a
A3 B1 5.21±0.41 bc 2.39±0.19 e 2.08±0.40 bc
B2 4.35±0.67 cde 2.34±1.26 e 2.21±0.23 bc
B3 4.43±0.22 cde 3.27±0.76 abcde 2.31±0.07 abc
平均值
Average		 A1 4.53±0.78 a 3.50±0.63 a 2.56±0.24 a
A2 5.20±0.73 a 3.79±0.14 a 2.43±0.62 ab
A3 4.66±0.36 a 2.56±0.44 b 2.01±0.35 b
B1 4.77±0.46 a 3.18±0.78 a 2.28±0.43 a
B2 5.05±0.70 a 3.34±0.88 a 2.24±0.41 a
B3 4.57±0.86 a 3.34±0.43 a 2.33±0.61 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.20 0.82 1.40
A 5.84** 8.73** 34.18**
B 0.51 0.57 0.16
Y×A 4.15** 0.06 0.09
Y×B 0.34 0.15 0.29
A×B 4.09** 1.01 3.47**
Y×A×B 0 0.05 0.07

表6

氮钾减量配施处理对土壤速效养分的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen (mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg kg-1)
2021 A1 B1 57.00±7.00 a 217.33±15.39 a 17.69±0.13 a
B2 53.00±7.00 ab 205.74±3.56 ab 16.07±4.17 a
B3 55.00±0.00 ab 204.42±12.43 ab 16.99±4.14 a
A2 B1 47.50±7.00 abc 206.62±12.02 ab 12.70±0.96 a
B2 44.67±5.35 bcd 203.97±14.93 ab 11.09±1.34 a
B3 44.83±4.04 bcd 188.27±10.25 bc 12.30±8.64 a
A3 B1 38.17±8.81 cde 202.37±4.22 ab 10.50±2.30 a
B2 32.83±2.02 e 201.82±4.97 ab 10.08±5.66 a
B3 34.00±7.00 de 170.88±8.87 c 12.33±1.96 a
2022 A1 B1 47.44±10.87 a 213.98±19.93 a 17.14±5.51 ab
B2 43.94±10.42 a 210.76±3.76 a 20.43±2.29 a
B3 47.88±2.50 a 196.82±20.39 ab 15.49±7.44 ab
A2 B1 38.71±9.65 ab 209.78±6.99 a 18.53±1.28 a
B2 35.79±5.13 abcd 192.96±15.75 a 15.03±3.08 ab
B3 37.18±5.11 abc 189.54±14.37 a 17.27±1.89 ab
A3 B1 25.90±7.48 cde 205.83±9.49 a 11.04±3.65 b
B2 24.00±3.67 de 201.77±18.86 a 10.21±7.34 ab
B3 21.90±8.23 e 189.56±19.47 a 12.70±4.54 b
平均值
Average		 A1 50.71±5.05 a 208.16±7.39 a 17.30±1.72 a
A2 41.45±4.82 b 198.52±9.37 ab 14.49±2.96 b
A3 29.47±6.44 c 195.37±13.22 b 11.14±1.12 c
B1 42.45±10.66 a 209.32±5.55 a 14.60±3.59 a
B2 39.04±10.26 a 202.84±5.87 a 13.82±4.12 a
B3 40.13±10.33 a 189.92±11.17 b 14.51±2.35 a
F值
F-value		 年份Year (Y) 0.13 0.39 0.97
A 24.99** 5.60** 5.00**
B 1.10 8.74** 0.30
Y×A 0.23 0.09 0.71
Y×B 0.06 0.18 0.04
A×B 0.05 1.40 0.08
Y×A×B 0.08 0.16 0.19

表7

甘薯产量品质与肥效及土壤肥力性状的相关性"

性状
Trait		 SRY SRNSP STRW SC SSC SPC Ua Sa Ca AN APh APo
SRY
SRNSP 0.83**
STRW 0.22 -0.09
SC 0.30 0.52* -0.68**
SSC -0.38 -0.62** 0.55* -0.60**
SPC 0.61** 0.70** -0.47* 0.74** -0.66**
Ua 0.37 0.13 0.41 0.06 0.16 -0.03
Sa 0.69** 0.78** 0.38 0.09 -0.18 0.22 0.39
Ca 0.36 0.32 0.08 0.19 -0.15 0.19 -0.05 0.31
AN 0.58** 0.71** -0.35 0.48* -0.61** 0.53* -0.12 0.36 0.33
APh 0.53* 0.54* -0.47* 0.64** -0.77** 0.84** -0.09 0.03 0.14 0.43
APo 0.58** 0.77** 0.06 0.27 -0.44 0.53* -0.18 0.63** 0.34 0.55* 0.36
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